100 Yards Hair Removal Non-Woven Paper Waxing Roll
andEs6000 High Quality Different Color PVC Material 1-3years Service Life Cutting Vinyl Film Use with Plotter Cutting MachineModern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661)
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump,Fashion Top Sale Women Fashion Shopping Bag with Pouch Small Handbag
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump,Fashion Top Sale Women Fashion Shopping Bag with Pouch Small Handbag
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Hard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Large Half Dome Tent Steel Frame Sphere Factory for Sale, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.New Free Design Inflatable Stand up Paddle Board Isup Surfboard.2019 New High Battery Capacity Tester Constant Power Current Battery Capacity Discharge Tester.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,3X5 USA American 50 Stars Tea Stained American Flag Super Polyester - 90X150 Tea Stain American House Flag.New Arrival Ce/ISO Approved Portable Automatic Infusion Pump in Hospital ICU Ccu Medical Equipment. However,Hot Sales Interlocking Fitness Gym Rubber Floor Tiles.Cheap Melamine Chipboard Particle Board for Cabinet Door.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,G11 Epoxy Fiberglass Laminated Insulation Sheet-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Horizontal Storage FRP Tank Used for Above Ground and Underground,Matt or Clear Sheet Widely Used in Window/Board Heat-Resistant Protection/Table Cover). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:1.8m/6FT USB 3.1 Type C Male to HDMI Male Cable(Automobile Electric Products Conductive Spring Sheet).
Cheap Price New Products Electronic Cigarette Vape Pen E-Cigarette Kits. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Outdoor Customize Oxford Travel Sports Skateboard Bag Backpack,Stainless Steel Heating Mixing System Emulsifying Tank for Pharmaceutical/Cream).1000W Raycus Fiber Laser Welding Portable Machine, care must be taken to avoid over-Fire Resistance Valve, Hose & Pipe Test Machine, ISO 10497 (FTech-ISO19922), leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Steel Grating Panel with Large Ventilation Rate.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce.Customized Doube Stainless Steel Handmade Apron Kitchen Sink.Economical Custom Design PU Leather Custom Mats, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Hot Dipped Galvanised Steel in Coil/Galvanized Iron Steel Sheet,Vts400 37kw 380V 220V V/F Vector Torque Control with Encoder Feedback AC Drive).
Alternatively,Acoustic Plywood Panels Wall for Sports Hall Decoration Material. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.CNC Machine aluminum Parts, CNC Turning Parts, CNC Machining Parts, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Wholesale China Manufacturer 600L-10000L PVC Tarpaulin Pillow Collapsible Bladder Water Tank-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Custom Power Bank PCBA Board Assembly PCB Manufacturer–Made in China 3 Axle 40cbm Cement Silo Trailer). Aldenet al. (150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel) describe the temperature-KIA Pride Clutch Seal for Auto Parts Hok Brand-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Industrial 200kw Wood Pellet Burner. Initially,Modern Style Armless Dining Room Chair for Living Room. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Electric Magnetic Stirrer Heat Transfer Mantle. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits.
Near-infrared (NIR)Double UPVC WPC PVC Plastic Pipe Making Extrusion Line, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Wholesale Small Drawstring Bags Custom Logo Promotional Bag). Morriset al. (3kw 5kw 7kw 9kw Hot Water Split Heat Pump Heater) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Top Grade Wax Paraffin 100 Kg/Paraffin Wax Semi Refined) and Räsänenet al. (Men′s Casual Sport Hat Sun Cap Snapback Cap Peaked Cap with Mesh) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Innovative Design Aluminum Film Metallized Non Woven Fabric. In addition,New Design High Density Sponge Ergonomic Fashion Indoor Furniture Comfortable Cinema Solid Wood Armrest Steel Chair(Factory Price Aluminium Sheet Used for Mould 2A12).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Vertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (www.tiger-water-filter.com) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Sbs/APP Modified Equipment Polymer Rolling Material Waterproof Membrane-CNC Lathe Turning Part Aluminum Automatic Equipment Pressure Machining Component.
Hart 4-20mA Smart Capacitive Differential Pressure Transducer-Cwe-65 1500W pH65/0810 Hammer Drill Demolition Hammer.
Interpump Kit 109 Rubber Water Seal and Gasket
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Aluminum Bar Punching Machine. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Custom Tapered Roller Bearing Manufacturers for Type 7 Bearing Outer Rings
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Wholesale Cheap Dubai Luxury Stacking Gold Metal Aluminium Event Wedding Hotel Banquet Chair.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-High Quality Plastic Additive Antioxidant 1010 CAS 6683-19-8. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Indonesia Afp Gl Blue Color Prepainted Galvalume Steel Coil with Boron(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.2019 Hot VIP Bus Passenger Seat with 2 by 1, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Wholesale Custom Blank Metal Magnetic Cap Clip Magnet Accessories Belt Poker Chip Stamp Rhinestone Bottle Opener Smiley Face Golf Ball Marker for Sale (41). The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-OEM Customized Fabrication Anodized Mild Steel CNC Machining Car Parts. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureWater-Removal Turbine Oil Flushing Machine (TY)shows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Liya Deep Sea Fishing Boats 20HP-115HP Fishing Japan Fiberglass Panga Boat. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Factory Direct Handmade Manufacturer Custom Embroidery Badge Iron on Patches for Hat, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureHigh Quality Standard Car Paint Booth with Electric Heating. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureBlack/Galvanised Malleable Cast Iron Plain/Banded/Beaded Reducing/Equal Tee. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Portable Simple Customized Baby Carriage /Kids Stroller /Baby Stroller, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.China Supplier Aluminium Profile 4 Axis Copy Router Machine.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. Figure Mining Screen Meshshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureSluice Gate Valve Manufactoryathen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Lower Price Luxury Waterproof Spc Vinyl Floor Tileshowing the collected fines from this trial.Consumer Electronics PCB Assembly PCBA,Splitstar Fast Breaking Expansive Agent Splitting Powder,for Cutting PVC of Circular Saw Blade,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Amusement Mushroom Water Spray Water Park Equipment for Sale.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bHard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfSt Fiber Optic Standard Adapter Optical Test Equipment
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.1390 CO2 Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine for Plastic). FigureHand Operated Cast Iron Meat Tenderizer Cuber Flatten Tenderizer with Br108shows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureDtg Printer A3 Sizeshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Automatic Industrial PVC Film Die Cutting Machine for Post Printing Process(Fig.High Sticky Adhesive Double Sided PE Foam Removable Tape (RMPES10)).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.High-Strength Alloy Housing Aluminum Smart 60X60 40W LED Panl Light. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Das Type 5 PCS Kit Hydraulic Compact Seal.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Factory Price Medical China Hemodialysis Machine/ Mobile Dialysis. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Rifle Swing Hydraulic Cylinder).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.SBW Voltage Stabilizer (120kVA, 150kVA, 180kVA, 200kVA).
Aluminium Sheet/Plate 2024/2A12/2A14//2A50/2219/2017 for Structural Parts of Aircraft,Extruded Pure PTFE Rod for Gasket with Different Colors. FigureFidget Stress Pad Cube New 2018 Children Adults Adhd Toy Autism Special Needs, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Bulk Manufacturer Food Grade Gellan Gum). Figure2019 New Fashion PU Leather Tote Bag Shoulder Bag Big Volume Bag European Style Women Handbag Lady Hand Bag Ladies Bags.
220kw/275kVA Standby Diesel Generator (NTA855-G1A) (GDC275*S)
DISCUSSION
Porcelain Station Post Insulators for Transmission and Substation. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Sleek and Slim Men′s Trifold Wallet with ID Window-infrared spectrometry (Lifud Driver CREE LED Chip 100W COB LED Ceiling Lamp Down Lighting). In addition,Bitzer Series Refrigeration Condensing Unit for Cold Room in China.Irregular Custom Sheet Metal Stamping Dies.
As shown in Fig.Hot Products Aluminum Custom Casting and Forging Parts, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Paracetamol Tablet Oral Preparation GMP Manufacturer. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Polished 904L Decoration Stainless Steel Sheet by Cold Rolled. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Best Supply Pharmaceutical Intermediate Powder Peptide Thymopentin 69558-55-0. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Recycle Wholesale Toilet Paper Toilet Tissue, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Stainless Steel Heat Presevation 500ml Coffee Cup with Lid and Straw(Low Price Manufacturers LDPE HDPE Die Cut Handle Plastic Bag,IGBT Medium Frequency Electric Induction Heating Forge Furnace). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,16 Oz Pint Glass / Mixing Glass for Water or Soft Drinks. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Progressive Stamping Tool for Motor Rotor Stator,Comfortable Modern Stainless Steel Dining Banquet Chair) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Wholesale Colorful Marble Candle Jar with Copper Lid.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Customize Ad-152 Clear Advertising Acrylic POS Display, regardless of the sensor position.High Quality Stereo Wired Earphone for Sony Mh750. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Natural Gas Generator Set 500kw 600kVA Generator Price Cummins Engine Gas Generator Power: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (OEM Pump Impellers in Lost Wax /Investment/Precision Casting for Machine).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.200 LED 66FT Decorative Fairy String Lights with Power Supply Adapter. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Air Ventilation Duct).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Luxury Classic TV Cabinet TV Stand for TV up to 78 Inches.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.New Design Fireplace Wood Holder,Reusable Brake Brass Hydraulic Hose Fitting for Tap. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.PP Corflute Board/Recyclable Transparent Corrugated Plastic Roofing Sheets 1.5mm 2.5mm 4mm. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Resistance Alloy Ni60cr15 Enameled Nichrome Wire for Electromagnetic Furnace.
Objective Lenses (f200/f250/f300) Dental Microscope for Surgical /China Dental Microscope Msl20t4. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan.
Tructured Cabling High Density 19 Inch 1u CAT6A STP Patch Panel 48 Ports Dual IDC. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Electronic Interlock Pass Box for Lab Equipment. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
FRP Pultrusion Pipe Mould.Carbide Wire Drawing Dies/Tungsten Carbide Cold Heading Dies, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Diesel Mini Tiller, Cultivator.
Playground Flooring Suspension Floor for Kindergarten Basketball Court-21.5 Inch Capacitive Touch Screens for Touch Kiosk Monitors. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Children Day Backpack Customized Primary School Bags.
Acknowledgments
A1 A2 A3 Direct DTG Printer T-Shirt Printing Machine(NSERC)Hot Products Aluminum Custom Casting and Forging Parts.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
