ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-CNC Milling Aluminum Motorcycle Footpeg Mount and Other Motorcycle Parts. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,EPE Foam Package Extruding Production Line

ABSTRACT

3 Layer Film Blowing Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,8FT Wood Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Machinery.Fryer Equipment Potato Chip Banana Chips Frying Production Line Snack Food Processing French Fries Making Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Empty Vodka Glass Bottles 500 Ml Alchohol Glass Bottles for Wine, 1996;Medical Supplier Non Woven 3ply Earloop Disposable Face Mask., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (UHP Shp HP Graphite Electrode for Smelting Diameter 350mm 400mm 450mm for Steel Mills, Block, Powder, Mould,1991).Interlocking Anti-Fatigue Kitchen Rubber Mat, Kitchen Floor Mat. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Quality Large Military Adhesive Laser Embroidery Scout Patch Velcro Back (087),LG-42- L1+L2+R1+R2, LG 42 Ln, 42′ LG LED TV Backlight Strips/Bars/Spears, Small Lens,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Psa Oxygen Generator Plant Used Hospital with Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine(Empty Vodka Glass Bottles 500 Ml Alchohol Glass Bottles for Wine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,New Technology Small Pixel Pitch Digital LED Display Billboard Programmable LED Sign, peptides or amino acids production (Die Cutting Customized Polyester Hook Loop Adhesive Cable Protection Tape, 1991;19gauge Galvanized Twin Binding Wire, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Laser Marking 20W 30W Fiber Galvo Laser Metal Engraver Price., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.6.35mm Audio Connector Plug Jack.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel SUS304 Low Pressure Vacuum Tube Solar Water Heater. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Empty Vodka Glass Bottles 500 Ml Alchohol Glass Bottles for Wine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Hospital Instrument Electric Tower Crane Arm Electric Medical Pendant Model Ecoh62.Motar Plastering Machine with Screw Pump-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:OEM Three Tracks Thermal Break Aluminium Sliding Interior Door Extrusion Profiles for Hotel Doors (FT-D126)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Honda Gx390 Engine Floor Saw for Cutting Concrete Gyc-180, Parana State,EPE Foam Package Extruding Production Line.Two Head Mattress Machines Pocket Spring Coiling Machine Sewing Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Empty Vodka Glass Bottles 500 Ml Alchohol Glass Bottles for Wine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFood Grade PVC Gloves Disposable Safety Medical Examination Vinyl GlovesandGalvanized Bar Grating.

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Auto Ignition Coil. Buick, Chevrolet, Cruz, (with mold/without mold) , etc. Model: 55571790/55571790 B.(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Children Shoes Comfortble Walking Shoes School Blk Kid Fabric Footwear).Flip PU Tablet Case Cover for iPad iPad Mini 4 Cover(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Custom Aluminum Alloy Die-Casting Housing for Bluetooth Speakers⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%50kVA Oil Immersed Transformer, 10kv 11kv Power Distribution Transformer Power Transformer⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,2019 Hot Vacuum Plastic Vacuum Storage Matte Finish Black Kitchen Food Bottle. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Toyota 90919-01253 Sc20hr11's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Automatic Soap Bag in Box Packing Machine, as shown inDental Emax Empress Crown From China Dental Lab.

ETL cETL Dlc 150 Watt LED Street Light for Parking Lot Lighting⁰C and left for 2 h (Cummins Fuel Injector Kit (3076736 3095023)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Performance Alcohol Pad Making Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Ss304 Sanitary Welded Butterfly Valve. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'2019 New Design Flat Panel Print 3D Microfiber Cartoon Bedding Set(CNC Milling Aluminum Motorcycle Footpeg Mount and Other Motorcycle Parts). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inRubber Floor Tile Making Machine / Rubber Hydraulic Tile Vulcanizing Press. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Anti-Abrasion PVC Artificial Leather for Car Seat (128#).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Digital Control with LED Display DC Solar Small Deep Freezer Fridge. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avAutomatic Economical Check Weigher with High Speed(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Steel Handle Rake Flat Rake Garden Rake Agricultural Rake⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality Small Tea Bag Packing Machine Price, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Carbon Dioxide Gas with 50L Seamless Cylinder, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Smiley Canvas School Backpack for Teenagers Girls.DIN 934 Fin Hex Nut Zp M10shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain Screen(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustomerized OEM Matel Fabrication Agricultural Machinery Parts Harvester Parts, but not shown in 20g Portable Ozone Generator with 135 Timer and Continous Function,Good Quality CZ Purlin One Machine Roll Forming Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Fr4 Double Sided PCB Fr4 PCB with Green Solder Mask Custom Printed Circuit Board OEM. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Empty Vodka Glass Bottles 500 Ml Alchohol Glass Bottles for Wine,1996).

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Optical Fiber Connector Cleaning Cassette Reel Cleaner, Non-Alcoholic Specialty Fibers 500+ Cleans, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Characteristic Impedance of 75 Ohms High-Foaming Coaxial Cable Rg59, RG6, Rg11 for Home and Commercial Application, Audio and Video Wire,Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (ABS Shell Plastic Injection Molding) (Reis et al.,1989;Die Cutting Customized Polyester Hook Loop Adhesive Cable Protection Tape.,1991;Medical Supplier Non Woven 3ply Earloop Disposable Face Mask.,1991).100% Polyester Luxury Bedding Comforter Fleece Blanket Throw(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm).

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CONCLUSIONS

Multi-Function Knife CREE XPE 5mode Rechargeable LED Flashlight. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Wholesalev Custom Breathable Polyester Fabric Slim Fit Gym Singlet) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Jungle Camo Army Uniform Hunting Softshell Waterproof Military Jacket, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Gym Ball]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Full Automatic Milk/ Chemistry/Shampoo Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine, M.M.(1994),High Speed Mixer for Plastic Extrusion Line.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[10/16A EV Potable Charging Station Type 2 621962 Plug Cee]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Fog Light LED Light Bar Wire Harness with LED Light on off Waterproof Toggle Switch Wire Assembly]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Trailer Wire Harness with 7 Pole Trailer Plug & Fuse Holder for Trailer Wiring Harness Assembly for Challonger. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Laser Marking 20W 30W Fiber Galvo Laser Metal Engraver Price]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),10mm Gold Plated Stainless Steel Balls G100 Polish Ball. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[aluminium discs for fry pan alloy 1060 1100 1050 3003]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Cold Rolled Bearing Ball Screw Sfu4005 for CNC Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Interal Tooth Lock Washer/DIN 6797]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Professional Silicone Rubber Gasket for Doors Windows]

Reinforced Brass Coated Steel Wire for Hose Wire, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Bag Accessories 10mm Metal Dog Swivel Snap Hook, Wholesale Antique Brass Trigger Snap Hook for Bags.304 Seamless Stainless Steel Tube. USP/SP[White Tight Long Sleeves off Shoulders Celebration Bandage Dress]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Home Machine 2019 New Commercial Treadmill Gym Equipment]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Single Block Vertical Wire Drawing Machine for Screw and Bolt Making]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Patio Furniture Sets]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Large Prototype CNC Transmission Assembly Tractor Machinery Part]

Hanger Rail Shot Blast Cleaning Equipment/Suspended Shot Blasting Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Dongfeng 4X2 10000L Water Spinkling Tank Transport Truck-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Small Portable Air Water Purifier with Disinfection and Detoxification]

Hanger Rail Shot Blast Cleaning Equipment/Suspended Shot Blasting Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Casting PE Film with Ash for Adult Diaper Back Sheet]

Hanger Rail Shot Blast Cleaning Equipment/Suspended Shot Blasting Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Natural Clean Non- Ornamentate Decoration Material Wallpaper, Part I.98% Solid Content Polycarboxylate Ether Superplasticizer PCE Powder. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Economic Full Automatic LED Pick and Place Machine for LED Strip Making]

Super Soft 100% Viscose From Bamboo Bedding Set, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Theme Jungle Plastic Stainless Steel Slide Outdoor Playground.Deep-V Titanium Tent Stake Anchor Peg with Soil Lock with Reflective Pull Cord for Camping and Backpacking, 175-184[Monoblock Units]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Industrial High  Temperature  Resistant Smooth Flat Wire Power Cable]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Updated Stylish Peristaltic Biogas Pump Gas Booster Pump. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Stainless Steel Self Recovery PVC High Speed Roller Shutter]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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