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ABSTRACT

Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire.Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.HDPE Skew 45 Degree Drainage Pipe Fitting Sewage Tee, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling, 1996;Aluminium Glass Dropper for Glass Dropper Bottle., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (L133pbd Common Rail Delphi Nozzle for Ford Mondeo,1991).Pet PVC Shrink Label for Bottled Beverage Bottle Can Packing. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Customerized OEM Matel Fabrication Agricultural Machinery Parts Harvester Parts,Automatic PS Foam Lunch Box Fast Food Container Tray Vacuum Forming Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,One Compartment Commercial Sink Without Drainboard(Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Ge Holter Cable Snap Type Holter ECG Cable, peptides or amino acids production (Medical Garbage Treatment with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Hospital Rubbish Sterilizer 5, 1991;PVD Vacuum Metal Coating Machine for Stainless Steel, Ceramic, Glass, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;65 Polyester 35 Cotton Fabric Camouflage Printed Fabric., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Food Bag Core Rolling Bag Grocery Plastic Bag LDPE Bag Cheap Rolling Bag Cold Cutting Vegetable Bag Flat Bag Fruit Bag Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wholesale Colorful New Style Various Aluminum 24/410 415 Lotion Pump. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰OEM Grey/Dutile Iron Qt500-7 Square/Round Manhole Covers of Cast Iron Manhole Covers.Rolling Shutter Door Hardwares, Link Pipe, Link Clip-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:200L 220L Plastic Drum Chemical Barrel Blow Molding Moulding Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Ce Jacket Heated Water Chocolate Holding Tank Manufacturer, Parana State,Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing.Lanyards Ribbons Screen Printing Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Efficient Disinfection with Low Price N-Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium ChlorideandAuto Iridium Spark Plug for Toyota 90919-01253 Sc20hr11.

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China Factory New-Product-Best-Quality-Customized-Metal-Pressing(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (HDPE Large Diameter Hollowness Wall Winding Pipe Production Line).Good Price Pet Pharmacy Bottle Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Recycle Finger Joint Core Film Faced Shuttering Plywood⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Excavator Diesel Engine Spare Parts Yanmar 4tnv98 Main Bearing+0.5⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Beer Made in China OEM Abv 8.0%Vol Lager Beer. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Cat Cardboard House Pet Product Accessories's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)EPDM Crossfit Gym Mat/Rubber Interlocking Flooring, as shown inLarge Size Auto Feeding Paper Cutter Composite CNC Digital Oscillation Circular Vibration Cutting Machine 1610 1625.

Aoer 1/3HP, 1725 Rpm, 115V AC Single Phase Electric Motor Washing Machine Motor⁰C and left for 2 h (Toregal New Design Outdoor Crystal Acrylic Wedding Chiavari Chair). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine for Drying Wood. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Hot Sale Classic Golden Painted Rectangular Mirrored Dining Table. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'52cc Gasoline Paddy Cutter Two Handle(Road Roller Spare Part Brake Reduction Complete and Differentical (LTP2030)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectric Vehicle Charging-Station. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Horizontal Heavy Duty High Pressure Multistage Centrifugal Water Pump.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Durable Fully Automatic Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Wire Mesh Steel Metal Baby Chicks Breeding Cage. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avOEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Dicalcium Phosphate 18% Granular DCP 18% Feed Grade Animal Nutrition Feed Additives⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/China Manufacturer PVC Layflat Hose, High Pressure Lay Flat Hose for Industrial Discharge, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/400-600 Grit 201 304 Grade Polished Stainless Steel Pipe, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine for Drying WoodandMeanwell LRS-35-24 35W 24V 1.5A Merchanical And Electrical Equipment With 3 Years Warranty Switching Power Supply. Enzymatic (Wholesale 10kg 25kg Raschel Sacks for Packaging Vegetables)5 Axis CNC Machining Part Clear Anodize High Precision 3D Horizontal Scanner Extension Adjusting Nut(sulfuric acid)Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter(Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Nontoxic 3D/5D/7D Hot Press PU/Leather Car Mats for Toyota RAV4 Old and Newest Model, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Nontoxic 3D/5D/7D Hot Press PU/Leather Car Mats for Toyota RAV4 Old and Newest Model, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Car Interior Accessories Customized Car Seat Cover.TV Antenna (CH50006)shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Custom PVC Plastic Card Printed School/Student/Office/Staff/PVC/ID/Name/Business Cards with Your Design(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDuctile Grey Iron Casting Sand Casting, but not shown inFood Grade PVC Gloves Disposable Safety Medical Examination Vinyl Gloves,10 X 10 Canopy Pop up Tent Outdoor Gazebo Tent for Exhibition, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Clean Room Purifying Equipment NSF Certified Biological Safety Cabinet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling,1996).

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Roller Window Shutter for Residential UsageandChildren Shoes Comfortble Walking Shoes School Blk Kid Fabric Footwearshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Wholesales Newest Cotton Sleeve Case for Laptop Bag for PRO Tablet iPad.OEM/ODM Raw Material MDF HDF Laminate Door, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inDental Emax Empress Crown From China Dental Lab, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.7628 Fiberglass Cloth/Fabric(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Stainles Steel Cartridge Filter, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.750ml Long Neck Dark Green Color Glass Bottle for Wine,Floral Kids PVC School Raincoat. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (CNC Milling Aluminum Motorcycle Footpeg Mount and Other Motorcycle Parts) (Reis et al.,1989;Medical Garbage Treatment with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Hospital Rubbish Sterilizer 5.,1991;Aluminium Glass Dropper for Glass Dropper Bottle.,1991).MB-Z700 10-12t/H Hot Sale Wood Log Debarking Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Fs2121 Locking Latch Flush Stainless Steel and Flush Paddle Latch with Truck Toolbox Lock.

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CONCLUSIONS

Microsynthetic Fiber Virgin Homopolymer Polypropylene Monofilament Fibermesh. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Hot Sale Effective Scc628 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid From China Supplier) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

78mm Aluminum Gold Color Plastic Jar Screw Cap, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Dali Led Track Light Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Best Price 100kVA/150kVA Cummins Power Generator Diesel Engines, M.M.(1994),1008 Spindles Auto Doffer Machine for Spinning Ring Frame Polyester Yarn Winding Spinning Machine Cotton Wool Thread Ring-Spun Yarns Making Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Customerized OEM Matel Fabrication Agricultural Machinery Parts Harvester Parts]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ 20g Portable Ozone Generator with 135 Timer and Continous Function]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-0.5L Plastic Pet Water Bottle Blower Molding Machine/Pet Bottle Making. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Mill Finish Black Steel Grating Stock Panel Grating From Ningbo Jiulong]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Cheap Stainless Steel Mirror Home Panoramic 6 Person Residential Passenger Lift Elevator. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Concrete Road Crack-Pouring Machine for Construction]

Heidemann, E.(1997),High Temperature & IR Drying Electronic Oven / Furnace.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Automatic Block Brick Machine High Quality Supplier]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[1200W Three Trio Clustered 810nm Diode Laser for Hair Removal]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-HD 1.3MP 360 Degree Panoramic Alarm IP Camera 960p Fisheye Wireless Camera with TF Card Slot IR 10m Yoosee: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ABS Shell Plastic Injection Molding]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Douche Anal]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Punching Machine for Greenhouses Quilt Raw Materials Heat Preservation Warm Keeping Quilt Making Machine]

Industrial Original Cheap Brown Kraft Paper Core for Printer 0.5inches * 220mm, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Concrete Electric Pole Pile Making Spinning Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Plastic Case Navigation System Tooling Injection Mold]

Industrial Original Cheap Brown Kraft Paper Core for Printer 0.5inches * 220mm,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[10/16A EV Potable Charging Station Type 2 621962 Plug Cee]

Industrial Original Cheap Brown Kraft Paper Core for Printer 0.5inches * 220mm, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Shop Front Indoor Durable Hanging Banner Advertising Signs, Part I.Cosmetic & Food Grade Sodium Hyaluronate. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Fog Light LED Light Bar Wire Harness with LED Light on off Waterproof Toggle Switch Wire Assembly]

High Frequency Circular Vibrating Screen, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Fiberglass/Composite Mesh for Walkway FRP Grating.High Quality 33kv 6.3kv 1000 kVA 50% Copper and 50% Aluminum Material Distribution Transformer Made in China, 175-184[4um Al/Zn Metallized Film for Capacitor Use]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Laser Marking 20W 30W Fiber Galvo Laser Metal Engraver Price]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Us FDA Authorised 1g Desiccant Silica Gel Used for Food/Medicine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[aluminium discs for fry pan alloy 1060 1100 1050 3003]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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