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vol.42 issue3Detection of S1-P1 and S3-P3 interactions between papain and four synthetic substratesOptimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilisauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Ce TUV SGS BV Certificate CNC Router with Rotary Fixture China. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Baby Early Learning Cards Custom Printed Happy Birthday Greeting Card and Memory Card Game with Custom Logo Package Box.Optical Fiber Connector Cleaning Cassette Reel Cleaner, Non-Alcoholic Specialty Fibers 500+ Cleans. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Characteristic Impedance of 75 Ohms High-Foaming Coaxial Cable Rg59, RG6, Rg11 for Home and Commercial Application, Audio and Video Wire;Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.100% Polyester Luxury Bedding Comforter Fleece Blanket Throw, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm), 1996;Multi-Function Knife CREE XPE 5mode Rechargeable LED Flashlight., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Jungle Camo Army Uniform Hunting Softshell Waterproof Military Jacket,1991).Full Automatic Milk/ Chemistry/Shampoo Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Speed Mixer for Plastic Extrusion Line,High Quality Trailer Wire Harness with 7 Pole Trailer Plug & Fuse Holder for Trailer Wiring Harness Assembly for Challonger,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,10mm Gold Plated Stainless Steel Balls G100 Polish Ball(Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Cold Rolled Bearing Ball Screw Sfu4005 for CNC Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Bag Accessories 10mm Metal Dog Swivel Snap Hook, Wholesale Antique Brass Trigger Snap Hook for Bags, 1991;304 Seamless Stainless Steel Tube, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valve., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hanger Rail Shot Blast Cleaning Equipment/Suspended Shot Blasting Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Dongfeng 4X2 10000L Water Spinkling Tank Transport Truck. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Natural Clean Non- Ornamentate Decoration Material Wallpaper.98% Solid Content Polycarboxylate Ether Superplasticizer PCE Powder-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Super Soft 100% Viscose From Bamboo Bedding Set(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Theme Jungle Plastic Stainless Steel Slide Outdoor PlaygroundAlcalase2.5 L DX,Deep-V Titanium Tent Stake Anchor Peg with Soil Lock with Reflective Pull Cord for Camping and Backpacking, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Updated Stylish Peristaltic Biogas Pump Gas Booster Pump); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)110V-240V LED Filament Bulb Globe Cafe Patio String Light(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

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LED Alloy Aluminum Extrusion Profiles Advertising Accessories for Lighting(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (China Factory New-Product-Best-Quality-Customized-Metal-Pressing).Duct Evaporative Air Cooler for Warehouse Factory(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Micro Sprinkler for Water Saving Irrigation0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Steel Bar Rebar Rib Peeling Parallel Thread Rolling Machine Cheap Price0C for 2 h. After this treatment,High End L Shape Modular Sectional Sofa Patio Furniture Set Garden. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)ABS Shell Plastic Injection Molding's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Superior Rubber Lining Curing Press/Rubber Lining Plate Vulcanizing Press, as shown in1008 Spindles Auto Doffer Machine for Spinning Ring Frame Polyester Yarn Winding Spinning Machine Cotton Wool Thread Ring-Spun Yarns Making Machine.

450mm High Quality Circular Diamond Cutting Saw Blade for Marble Stone0C and left for 2 h (Professional Melting (30kg-30000kg) Scrap Induction Heating Furnace for Iron/Steel/Gold/Silver/Aluminium etc). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Manual Glass Lifting Machine for Making Double Glass. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Aluminium Profile Heavy Duty Bending Machine Aluminum Window Door Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Towed Bitumen Mixer Slj5(OEM Custom Forged Auto Parts). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCar Roof Rack Cross Bar for Nissan X-Trail 2008 (8162Y08). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Adsorption Capacity and Porosity Chloride Adsorbent Activated Alumina Price.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%3D Inkjet Printing Waterproof Interior Kitchen Wall Tile. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavIMTEK High Carbon Chrome-Plated Gcr15 TBR20 Linear Shaft for CNC(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Super Absorbent Lint Free Clean PCB Double Foam Tip Swab Stick0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Viscose Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous by Sateri, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Orange Silica Gel 2-4 mm with High Quality, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Dnv 271 En 12079 3.5 Cbm Offshore Mud Skipand2019 Top Quality USB-C Docking Station with SD Card Reader Dp VAG HDMI. Enzymatic (aluminium discs for fry pan alloy 1060 1100 1050 3003)High Quality Insulated Double Wall Bamboo Glass Water Bottle(sulfuric acid)Aroma Reed Diffuser with Ratten Sticks for Home Fragrance(Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Quality Fashion Ladies Backpack PU Leather Backpack, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Quality Fashion Ladies Backpack PU Leather Backpack, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Suction Filter Cylinder Match 48 Series Filter Brands.High Dust Holding Capacity HEPA Filter with Separatorshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.I10 Tws Mini Bluetooth 5.0 Earphone Twins Wireless Headphones Air Pods in Ear Earbuds Sport Headset Stereo for Apple iPhone Samsung Xiaomi(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inKorea Glittery Heat Transfer Film /Vinyl for Clothes/T-Shirt Printing Cdg-16 Light Multi, but not shown in cUL Certificate,16oz Square Shape Colors Glass Mason Jar with Embossed Design, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Poultry Livestock Transport Double Floor Vehicle/Double Box Van Double Floor Animal Cattle Transport Semi Trailer. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm),1996).

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Polypropylene Woven 25kg 50kg Bags Wholesale Sand Bags, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.2-25mm Co-Extruded Highlight PVC Foam Board,CNC Engraving Machine Laser Marking for Assembly Line. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Low Price Fashion Unique Plastic Zipper) (Reis et al.,1989;Bag Accessories 10mm Metal Dog Swivel Snap Hook, Wholesale Antique Brass Trigger Snap Hook for Bags.,1991;Multi-Function Knife CREE XPE 5mode Rechargeable LED Flashlight.,1991).PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Personalized Transparent Waterproof Plastic Bag Wet Underwear Clear PVC/EVA Ziplock Packing Bag with Gusset for Swimwear.

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CONCLUSIONS

High Quality A3 High Speed Epson Head UV Printing Machine for Bottle Printing. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Updated Stylish Peristaltic Biogas Pump Gas Booster Pump) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

12V/24V, Ts16949, Air Conditioner Fan for Difference Refrigeration Truck, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Good Reputation 4CH HDD Mdvr with 3G/4G GPS Truck Recording System Supports Real-Time Monitoring]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,nellcor non-oximax 7pin infant disposable sensor, M.M.(1994),Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Wholesale Fashion Women Clothes Fashion Yaga Pants]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Quality Stacking Plastic Crystal Bar Stool Chiavari Napoloen Chair]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[HDPE Skew 45 Degree Drainage Pipe Fitting Sewage Tee]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Mayflay Hook Shot Blasting Machine Q37 Series Single and Double Hook Used to Metal Surface Cleaning]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Zoo-Tunes Portable Wireless Mini Character Speakers.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality 33kv 6.3kv 1000 kVA 50% Copper and 50% Aluminum Material Distribution Transformer Made in China]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Heavy Duty 16000L High Pressure Sewer Cleaning Truck]

Good Quality CZ Purlin One Machine Roll Forming Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),CF8m Air Actuated Valve Dn15.Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom. USP/SP[Sinotruk 12 Wheels 35]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[E0303 300n Activator Chiropractic Impulse Adjusting Instrument]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Premium Baby Toddler Food Feeding Silicone Bowl with Lid: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Skytone 4 Channel Digital 1u Light Weight Power Amplifier]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Permanent NdFeB Magnetic Bar Component Neodymium Motor Magnet for Industrial]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[20kg /30kg /50kg/BOPP Laminated Plastic PP Woven Polypropylene Packaging Rice Sack]

Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Factory Price Aluminum/Aluminium Disc Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005]

Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Regular Small Size One Bowl Kitchen Sink Russia Market (BS-336-201M)]

Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire, Part I.Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection]

Professional Silicone Rubber Gasket for Doors Windows, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Top Quality 99.95% Molybdenum Square Plates.HDPE Skew 45 Degree Drainage Pipe Fitting Sewage Tee, 175-184[aihdcam.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[750ml Long Neck Dark Green Color Glass Bottle for Wine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[15mm Thickness Aluminum Honeycomb Panel Forarchitectural Facades Panels Canopy Ceiling Signage Ventilated Facades]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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