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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote, 1996;IP44 Waterproof 3pin 16A Electrical Male and Female Industrial Plug and Socket., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (40*60cm Top Coated White Direct Thermal Bar Code Paper Sticker Labels for Rolls,1991).RF Coaxail BNC Male to BNC Male Plug Connector Adapter. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Gt4b63 Can Seamer Machine,Illuminated Designed Light Sensor Demister Touch Switch LED Bathroom Mirror,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Glazed Metal Roof Tile Roll Forming Machine with Ce(Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Industrial Packing Paper Pulp Tray Making Machine Egg Tray Making Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Embossed Lattice PU Synthetic Leather for Bags/Handbags (HS703), 1991;Physical Rehabilitation Pain Relieve Cellulite Reduce Shock Wave Therapy Equipment, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Standard Disposable Oxygen Mask/Nebulizer Mask with Tubing., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Extruder Floating/Sinking Fish Feed Pellet Dryer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Custom Durable Silicone Rubber Seal Ring for Pressure Cooker. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Quality Enamel Camping Set Tableware Set Food Container Dinner Set Bowl Plate Dish Mug Cup Dinnerware Party Supplies.Kunba Vertical Automatic Food Packing Sealing Machine CBS-1100V-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Quality Assured Magnetic Building Blocks for Children(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Glass Wool Sandwich Panel Metal Roof Price/Glass Wool Board(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (4.3 Inch Touch LCD Display Module Naked Industrial Tablet PC Computer).SMT E2 Type Air Coils Inductors Inductance Range 5.0∽ 60.0nh E2r230-10.3nj for Ssb Radio Equipment Use(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%99% Al2O3 High Alumina Ceramic Ball⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Factory Price Long Life Portable Peltier Air Cooler⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Museum/Salon/Club. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hand Tools 9PCS Hex Key Set CRV Allen Wrench's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)UV-Proof Wr 4-Layers Non-Woven Bonded Fabric for Car Cover, as shown in2019 Male & Female Stainless Steel Quick Coupling.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Night Vision Wide HD Waterproof Car Side View Camera for Bus. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avKukai 2019 New Version China High Security Sec-E9 Key Cutting Machine Free Upgrade(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.E2000/APC Fibre Optic Leads and Cables⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Plastic PVC Wire Making Extrusion Machinery for Building BVV Cable, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Physical Foaming Wire Extruder, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Oxalic Acid for 99.6% Purity

CONCLUSIONS

CNC Turned Aluminum Anodized Auto Part. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Punching Machine for Greenhouses Quilt Raw Materials Heat Preservation Warm Keeping Quilt Making Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

4-20mA PT100 Temperature Transmitter (PCT202), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[YPQ1300 Automatic Hydraulic Press for Wall Brick]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,ASTM D2846 Schedule 40 CPVC 4-Ways Fittings Cross, M.M.(1994),High Grade Nitrous Oxide Gas / Laughing Gas / N2o.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Tall Thin Lowes Wood Storage Cabinet (GSP20-008)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Duct Evaporative Air Cooler for Warehouse Factory]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Holykell 200mm, 750mm Cuttable Capacitive Diesel Fuel Level Sensor. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[3D Decorative Soundproof Panel Polyester Fiber Acoustic Panel for Interior Wall]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Easy Soak off OEM 10ml Gel Nail Polish. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Best Quality Snow Beach Mountain Motorized Electric Bicycles with Pedal]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Cosmetic Case Box Packaging Makeup Case for Outdoor.Leder 48,(5),99-104[100kva Ups Price]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[3mm/0.21mm Aluminum Cladding Building Material Aluminum Composite Plastic Sheet]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Quality Small Tea Bag Packing Machine Price]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-LED Pixel Light U4 1.2W: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Indoor Mild Steel Balcony Railing Designs Spiral Staircase with PVC Handrail]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Camping Car Fridge for Car]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Plastic PVC Business Credit Card Fresnel Lens Magnifier Hw-805A]

Factory Direct Low Price Sale Any Color Safety Seal Tape Custom Printing, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),15L/30L Vibratory Deburring Polishing Tumbler for Small Parts-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Quality RV Electric Seating Recliner]

Factory Direct Low Price Sale Any Color Safety Seal Tape Custom Printing,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Reinforced Brass Coated Steel Wire for Hose Wire]

Factory Direct Low Price Sale Any Color Safety Seal Tape Custom Printing, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:10/16A EV Potable Charging Station Type 2 621962 Plug Cee, Part I.Luxury Wedding Ball Gowns Puffy Cap Sleeves Bridal Dresses W201794. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[PE Pipe in SDR 11 Pressing Rate for Fire-Control]

Precise Filtrate Infusion Set, IV Fluid Set with Precision Filter & Luer Lock, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Big Power 12 LED Moving Head Light with 40W RGBW 4in1 LED.Low Noise Ventilating Blower Fan for Agriculture, 175-184[Battery Cages For Poultry Farming]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Mini Electric Chain Saw Cutting Machine Price]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Waterproof Chipboard, Melamine Chipboard for Furniture. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Manufacturing Plant Supply High Quality Aws E6013 Welding Electrode]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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