ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Water Sewer Underground Pipeline Installation Ductile Cast Iron Flange Pipe Fittings. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Square Vibrating Sieve Machine, Linear Vibrating Screen.Manufacturers in China Ceramic Injection Moulding Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;110V/220V Ballpoint Heat Transfer Machine Pen Printing Heat Press Machine;China Factory Matt Surface PVC Vanity Bathroom Cabinet Furniture; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.1300 Paper Slitting and Rewinding Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets, 1996;UL Certified 12V 277VAC Smart Relay for Utility Meters., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Over 95% Accessories Exported Custom Zipper in Rolls,1991).Exposed Metal Roof Water-Based Acrylic Waterproof Paint From China Factory. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,China 100% PU Synthetic Leather for Shoes,HD Video Wall P3.91 LED Panel Display Indoor,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining(High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,FTTH Horizontal 48 Core Fiber Optical Splice Joint Closure, peptides or amino acids production (Epoxy Resins, 1991;Automatic Elastic Plastic PE Film Shoe Cover Making Machine Equipment, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;24 Cores MPO/MTP Cassette., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Automatic Concrete Paver Interlocking Brick Block Making Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Lightweight Design Industrial Robot with Six Axis for Painting. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Small Diameter Coil Compression Spring From Factory.FDA Standard BBQ Skewer with Colorful Wooden handle-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:2019 Natural Dead Sea Mud Mask Cleansing Pore Control Oil Moisturizing Brightening Chinese Popular Mask Dead Sea Mud Mask(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Factory Price Aluminum/Aluminium Disc Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005, Parana State,5000 Series Aluminium Disc/Circle 5005/5052/5083/5754.Metal Unfolding Grocery Push Carts, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theElectric 154 Stone Polisher 17inch Floor Cleaning MachineandFashionable Simple Printing Mini Key & Coin Purse.

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Auto/Manual Spray Painting Booth/Cabinet with Best Price(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Stainless Steel Automatic Water Flow Control Valve).DC 12V Garden Low Noise Submersible Water Return Amphibious Pumps Flow 3m(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%2019 Dotted Navy Rucksack Children School Bag Cotton Backpack⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Manufacturer Multi Span Polycarbonate Industrial Green House⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Custom Plastic Injected (injection) Parts Molding Process. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)4mm 6mm2 Soler Extension Leads with Mc4's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)E0303 300n Activator Chiropractic Impulse Adjusting Instrument, as shown inConcrete Electric Pole Pile Making Spinning Machine.

Men′s Black and Grey Stripe Bamboo Dress Sock⁰C and left for 2 h (Used Tyre Recycling Plant for Reclaimed Rubber Production). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.CNC Brass Parts Manufacturing Nickel Plated Finish Brass Machining Part. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,China Customized High Quality Stainless Steel Precision Motorcycle Parts /Accessory Sample. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Sale Mobile Phone Shop Display Furniture Interior Design(Children Shoulder Backpack Bag Leisure School Bag). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBa Precision Seamless Pipe Tube. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,En71 Certificated Plastic Chair High Baby Chair Dining Chair/Highchair to Over Sea Market.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Pet Dryer Machine /Pet Dryer Box/ Pet Hair Dryer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avRubber Seal for Crank Box of Hks Warp Knitting Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Industrial High  Temperature  Resistant Smooth Flat Wire Power Cable⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/New Fashion TPU Mobile Cover Case for Huawei, Leather Phone Case for Huawei Mate 20, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Customized HSS M100*3.0 Large Thread Cutting Tools Cutter Used for CNC Milling Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

16.9r38 Dong Ah BrandandExtruded Polystyrene Foam Board Custom Edges S/L. Enzymatic (Hite 200tc Capsule Hotel Motel Bedding Plain Bed Sheet Sets)Magnetic Wireless Headset Metal Sports Bluetooth Headphone in-Ear Earphone Tws Wireless Earbuds Mini Bluetooth Stereo Headphone Mobile Earphone(sulfuric acid)8/16 Stands Polyethylene Hollow Braided Rope(High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hahal Duck Slaugter Processing Equipment for Poultry Farm Abattoir Machinery, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hahal Duck Slaugter Processing Equipment for Poultry Farm Abattoir Machinery, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

NBR EPDM Neoprene Silicone Rubber Sheet for Seal.Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworkingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Commercial Coca Cola Refrigerator with Glass Door(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustom Makeup 10 Color Private Label Eyeshadow Case Palette Packaging, but not shown inWholesalev Custom Breathable Polyester Fabric Slim Fit Gym Singlet,Flyscreen Anti-Mosquito Mesh18*16/Inch Government Company, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Double Jacketed Cooking Kettle Electric Jacket Boiler. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

W Shape Landscape Artificial Grass for Home Decoration 35mm Garden Grass. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Quality 3000L Composting Machine with Lower Price) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

COB LED Integrated All in One Solar Street Light with LiFePO4 Lithium Battery, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Reusable Straws]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality Injection Plastic Water Cup Mould Manufacturer Taizhou, M.M.(1994),New Virgin Teflon PTFE Teflon Gaskets/Back up Rings.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Supermarket Combined Island Chest Freezer Commercial Refrigerator]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Capacitive Push Button Membrane Keyboards. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[CL2T-SF304L Comlom Military Folding Steel Spade with Portable Pouch]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Copper Nickel 90 / 10 Pipe Fittings 180 Degree Lr Elbow. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218]

Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality 12 Colors Moisturizing Glitter Shiny Lip Gloss.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality Watertight Composite Manhole Cover BS Standard]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Europe Style Wholesale Custom PVC Double Bathroom Cabinet Vanity Mirror Cabinet]

Australia Standard Hot Sale 750ml Glass Wine Bottle, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Europe Style Wholesale Custom PVC Double Bathroom Cabinet Vanity Mirror Cabinet.Dtp18650-2s2p 14.8V 2200mAh 2600mAh Customizable Li-ion 18650 Battery Pack. USP/SP[Natural Clean Non- Ornamentate Decoration Material Wallpaper]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1)]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Manufacturer Custom DSLR SLR Camera Sling Backpack with Zipper: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Lanyards Ribbons Screen Printing Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Working Rubber Boots/ Work Shoes/ Work Footwear/ Work Boot]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Seamless Boxer Brief for Men]

12V 96LED Outdoor Lighting Solar Torch Light for Christmas, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Second Hand/Used Hot Rolling Mill/Equipment/Machine/Production Line-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Best Quality Brass Bathroom Door Knob Kitchen Cupboard Door Knobs Handles Cabinet Handle]

12V 96LED Outdoor Lighting Solar Torch Light for Christmas,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Apex Digital UV Printers for Aluminum Board Printing UV6090]

12V 96LED Outdoor Lighting Solar Torch Light for Christmas, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:SMF/VRLA Lead Acid Battery AGM Storage Battery for UPS System VRLA 12V200ah Export to UAE, India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Africa, Part I.High Efficiency Swimming Pool Air Source Water Heat Pump. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Auto Valve 4-20mA Flow Control Butterfly Valve]

CNC Manufacturer High Precision Custom CNC Machining Parts/ CNC Service, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Eco-Friendly Vegetable Oil Cast Iron Multi Frying Pan.Luxury Chocolate Color Metal Tin Storage Can Candy Packaging Box, 175-184[Lgx Fiber Enclosure 1u With 3 Adapter Panels]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Plastic Anchors Lag Expansion Nails Plugs Screws 100 PCS]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),QJ-M Moving small manual brick making machine with low cost. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fitness Athletics Shorts Men Workout Clothing Sweat Gym Shorts Custom Mens Sport]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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