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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Professional High Precision SLS/SLS 3D Printing Action Figure Parts Rapid Prototyping Service. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Spiral Rib Dies, Tungsten Carbide Spiral Screw Wire Drawing Dies.Plastic Gas and Water End Protective Covers (YZF-H26). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Automatic Electric Hydraulic Metal Bending Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, 1996;1054 FRP Pressure Vessel for Water Softener & Water Treatment., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Type B Stainless Steel Threaded Quick Connector Coupling for Water Oil Gas System,1991).Non Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworking,HDPE Large Diameter Hollowness Wall Winding Pipe Production Line,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Non-Woven Medical Outside Earloop Mask Making Machine(6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Professional Family Nonstick Cast Iron Frying Pan, peptides or amino acids production (Wholesale Waterproof Outdoor Army Military Camouflage Printing Ripstop Polyester Fabric, 1991;Fashionable Clothing Garment Paper Swing Tags (ST-01), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine SHD28., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Electrial Galvanized Conduit Box/Gi Pipe Fitting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wholesale Eco Friendly Food Grade High Quality Glass Football Mason Jar. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High quality Brass Forged Gate Valve with Casting Iron Handle.Aluminum Lighting Flashlights Zoomable Rechargeable LED Tactical Flashlight Torch (SYSG-180820)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Lumen 150W 200W LED High Bay Lighting High Bay LED Light Fixture(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Silica Gel- Indicating Blue to Pink After Adsorption, Parana State,High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery.Offer High Quality Square and Round Cast Iron Manhole Cover, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCentrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace TubeandNon Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality.

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White Tight Long Sleeves off Shoulders Celebration Bandage Dress(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Low Profile Sp-Level Linear Rail for 3D Printer).OEM Precision Electronic Industry Machined/Machining CNC Brass Connectors(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Road Safety Reflective Waterproof Plastic Reflectors⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Mirror 3003 H12 Aluminium Chequered Sheet for Baking Sheet in Hungary. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality Gas Spring Strut Gas Shock for Wall Bed's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Industrial Bedsheet Folding Machine (ZD-3000), as shown inFTTH Horizontal 48 Core Fiber Optical Splice Joint Closure.

Galvanized Iron / Stainless Steel Crimped Square Woven Wire Mesh⁰C and left for 2 h (Aluminum Sheet Metal Parts Custom Fabrication). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.OEM ODM Aluminum Casting Parts. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High Pressure Low Volume 2900rpm electric Water Pump. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace(Sc/APC Fiber Optic Fast Hot Melt Connector). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inwww.xinhua-metal.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Boat Windlass Truck Auto Manual Lifting Hoist Tractortraction Hand Winch. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avMultifunction Copper Busbar Processing for Aluminum Material(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Electric DC 24V Geared Motor for Auto Doors⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Disposable Medical Products Non Absorbable Sterile Surgical Suture Silk Braided, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/RF Shielding MRI Door with Brass Frame for RF Cage, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Bsp 60° Male Cone Seat Carbon Steel FittingsandGeotextile Beg Used for Beach Restoration Geobag. Enzymatic (Reusable Silicone Food Storage Bag)Dental Emax Empress Crown From China Dental Lab(sulfuric acid)Surface Cotton, Anti-Stick, High Temperature Resistance Conveyor Belt(6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Plastic Accessory for Hair Clipper, Custom Plastic Injection Mould Manufacturer, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Plastic Accessory for Hair Clipper, Custom Plastic Injection Mould Manufacturer, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Enig Flexible Singled Sided PCB Circuit Board FPCB with 0.1 Laser Drill.86 Inch All-in-One Android System Interactive Touch LCD Kiosk for Education/Meetingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Dubai Products Rectified Tile for Wall(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inIndustrial Low Temperature Water Cooled Scroll Water Chiller, but not shown inRibbon Mixer Plough Shear Mixer V-Shape Mixer Powder Mixer for Mixing Powder or Liquids,ANSI B16.5 Stainless Steel SS316 Forging Blind Flange, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).3.0inch 1080P HD Car Driving Recorder with Loop Recording WDR Motion Detection. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft,1996).

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Chinese Manufacturer Custom Letter Chenille Patches Embroidery Sew on Garment, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Food Grade 1050 Large Diameter Thin Wall Aluminum Round Tube,10mm, 15mm, 20mm Customize Thickness Aluminum Honeycomb Sheets. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Ts-Micro Portable Defense Loudspeaker System) (Reis et al.,1989;Wholesale Waterproof Outdoor Army Military Camouflage Printing Ripstop Polyester Fabric.,1991;1054 FRP Pressure Vessel for Water Softener & Water Treatment.,1991).Auto Focus 280W 300W Metal Wood Laser Cutting Machine 1325(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Capacity Vibrating Screen Manufacturer.

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CONCLUSIONS

Electrochemical Polishing Tungsten Evaporation Materials. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 150W) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Kids Sneakers School Shoes for Girls with Design Wholesale High-Quality Custom Dropshipping Running Shoes, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[m.gaofeng-petro.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,White UTP Cat5e UK Type Tooless RJ45 Keystone Jack, M.M.(1994),High Quality Hot Plate Non-Stick Catering Equipment Snack Machine Stainless Steel Electric Sandwich Panini Contact Press Grill.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Plastic Stand up Coffee Food Packaging Bag with Resealable Zipper]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Door Mosquito Net Magnetic Fly Screen Doors with Strong Magnets]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-CNC Machined Parts Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Stainless Steel Parts. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Waterproof Chipboard]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Cheese Puffed Snacks Making Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Custom Black and White Hard Laptop Case Travel Suitcase]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Wholesale Hotfix Rhinestone Patterns Motif Logo for Decoration.Leder 48,(5),99-104[All In One Barebone Pc]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[3kw 4kw 5kw off Grid Solar Inverter]

Toughened Railing Glass, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China High Profit Automatic Pet Extruder Machine.Good Quality Fashion Design ABS Luggage Trolley Suitcase in 3PCS (LA337). USP/SP[Manufacturer Automotive CNC Machined Parts Checking Fixture Components]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Superior Rubber Lining Curing Press/Rubber Lining Plate Vulcanizing Press]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Best Price Spc Lvt PVC Vinyl Flooring for Home Office: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Custom Velvet Jewelry Box Gift Box with Bowknots for Packing]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[500W Stainless Steel Square Pipe High Efficiency and Low Cost Metal Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Most Effective Elight+IPL+RF+ND YAG Laser Dermatology Instrument]

Red Papillon (JSY-3) Satin Ribbon Flower, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Zw20 Outdoor Pole Mounted Sf6 Gas Insulated Load Break Switch-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Common Style Plastic Wide Tooth Hotel Comb PE Brush Washing Brush]

Red Papillon (JSY-3) Satin Ribbon Flower,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[ 115V AC Single Phase Electric Motor Washing Machine Motor]

Red Papillon (JSY-3) Satin Ribbon Flower, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Steel Structure Construction Building Metal House, Part I.1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 Bsp Male Thread Pipe Fitting. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Flame Retardant FRP/GRP Round Pipe]

Wireless GSM 3G 4G SIM Card Solar Powered WiFi Surveillance Camera for Outdoor Indoor Security Full HD 1080P Bullet IP Camera, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Stainless Steel Sanitary Thread Pneumatic Butterfly Valve.2 Stroke Gasoline Grass Trimmer and Cutter 43cc (TT-BC415), 175-184[Cast Aluminum Oil Pan]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[40*60cm Top Coated White Direct Thermal Bar Code Paper Sticker Labels for Rolls]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),New Design Slotted Board MDF for Wall Panel. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Aluminium Alloy Photo Chemical Etching Acoustic Perforated Metal Mesh]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

50d Cationic Spandex Stretch Fabric for GarmentAuthor for correspondence