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ABSTRACT

3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. After enzymatic hydrolysis,HDPE/PP Krah Spiral Winding Sewage Pipe Extruding Production Line.Pipe Cleaners Blue Chenille Craft Stems for DIY Art Craft Kids Safe. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.6 Shooter Multi-Band Ligator Used to Endoscopically Ligate Esophageal Varices, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish, 1996;Distributor Living Room Furniture Restaurant Chair Tiffany Chair for Wedding., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality Custom Stainless Steel/Brass/Bronze/ Precision  Auto Spare Parts,1991).Puffed Core Filling Sanck Production Machine with Ce From China. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,86 Inch All-in-One Android System Interactive Touch LCD Kiosk for Education/Meeting,Cummins Fuel Injector Kit (3076736 3095023),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hnx IP68 Waterproof Nylon Plastic Cable Gland Pg13.5(Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Matrix Keyboard 3X3 Matrix Membrane Switch PCB Membrane Keypad Switch, peptides or amino acids production (Plastic Therm Forming Filling Sealing Machine, Lid Press Machine, 1991;Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;New Design Customized 100% Cotton Home Towel Bath Towel., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Toughened Railing Glass.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Delrin Sheets with Good Wear Resistance. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery.Professional High Precision SLS/SLS 3D Printing Action Figure Parts Rapid Prototyping Service-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Spiral Rib Dies, Tungsten Carbide Spiral Screw Wire Drawing Dies(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Type B Stainless Steel Threaded Quick Connector Coupling for Water Oil Gas System(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (CNC Manufacturer High Precision Custom CNC Machining Parts/ CNC Service).Non Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworking⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%HDPE Large Diameter Hollowness Wall Winding Pipe Production Line⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Non-Woven Medical Outside Earloop Mask Making Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Professional Family Nonstick Cast Iron Frying Pan's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Wholesale Waterproof Outdoor Army Military Camouflage Printing Ripstop Polyester Fabric, as shown inHigh Quality Wc67K 40 Ton 80 125t 2500 2.5m Metal Sheet Plate Construction Industry Hydraulic Small Mini CNC Bending Press Brake Machine Factory Price for Sale.

Fashionable Clothing Garment Paper Swing Tags (ST-01)⁰C and left for 2 h (LED Pixel Addressable Madrix Silicon 360 Degree Flexible Neon Rope LED Strip Light Christmas Decoratios Wedding Decoration Lighting). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine SHD28. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Electrial Galvanized Conduit Box/Gi Pipe Fitting. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Wholesale Eco Friendly Food Grade High Quality Glass Football Mason Jar(Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in5ml 10ml Sample Glass Perfume Bottle Transparent Glass Spray Bottle Thin Glasstube Travel Vials. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High quality Brass Forged Gate Valve with Casting Iron Handle.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Aluminum Lighting Flashlights Zoomable Rechargeable LED Tactical Flashlight Torch (SYSG-180820). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Lumen 150W 200W LED High Bay Lighting High Bay LED Light Fixture(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.TV Stand Carving European LED Lights Heating Fireplace (320SS)⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 150W, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Low Price Fashion Unique Plastic Zipper, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Pillow Case Automatic Sewing Machine Bc901andSilica Gel- Indicating Blue to Pink After Adsorption. Enzymatic (Offer High Quality Square and Round Cast Iron Manhole Cover)White Tight Long Sleeves off Shoulders Celebration Bandage Dress(sulfuric acid)OEM Precision Electronic Industry Machined/Machining CNC Brass Connectors(Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Road Safety Reflective Waterproof Plastic Reflectors.Good Quanlity of Ue319an20z Hydraulic Oil Filter Elementshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Mirror 3003 H12 Aluminium Chequered Sheet for Baking Sheet in Hungary(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHigh Pressure Low Volume 2900rpm electric Water Pump, but not shown inFire Retardant Reflective Aluminium Foil Woven for Insulation Material,High Quality Gas Spring Strut Gas Shock for Wall Bed, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Industrial Bedsheet Folding Machine (ZD-3000). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Electric DC 24V Geared Motor for Auto Doors. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Clear Plastic Roofing Sheet Roof Tile Price Plastic Shingle Roof) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Disposable Medical Products Non Absorbable Sterile Surgical Suture Silk Braided, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[24core Sm/Mm Fiber Optic Cable Suppliers for Sale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,RF Shielding MRI Door with Brass Frame for RF Cage, M.M.(1994),Geotextile Beg Used for Beach Restoration Geobag.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Cashmere Loose Neck Pullover with Fancy Yarn-Cashmere Sweater-Sweater]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Galvanized Metal Welded PVC Coated Wire Mesh Fence]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Reusable Silicone Food Storage Bag. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Pn10 Pn16 Class125 One Stem No-Pin Wafer Butterfly Valve]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Dental Emax Empress Crown From China Dental Lab. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Cruz]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Surface Cotton, Anti-Stick, High Temperature Resistance Conveyor Belt.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Commercial Block Board]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Guide IR510 N1 WiFi Handheld Infrared Thermal Imaging Monocular Night Vision Camera for Hunting]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Boat Windlass Truck Auto Manual Lifting Hoist Tractortraction Hand Winch]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Dubai Products Rectified Tile for Wall: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[1850mm*80mm Stable Power Laser Tube]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Acrylic Organic Glass Dining Table Btr-Q1001]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High End L Shape Modular Sectional Sofa Patio Furniture Set Garden]

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ANSI B16.5 Stainless Steel SS316 Forging Blind Flange,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Diamond Cutting Blades for Asphalt]

ANSI B16.5 Stainless Steel SS316 Forging Blind Flange, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:2 V Lead Acid /AGM/Gem/Flooded Voltage Equalizers/Balancers for Agv 36V 48V Gel Battery Balancer, Part I.Integrated Hydraulic Steering Control Units (BZZ1F SCU). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wholecut Oxford Plain Toe Black Antique Men Shoes]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality 3000L Composting Machine with Lower Price]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),10mm, 15mm, 20mm Customize Thickness Aluminum Honeycomb Sheets. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Extendable 485mm Stun Guns Baton with Electric Shock for Self Defense (X10)]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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