ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Free Sample Custom Metal Brass Gold Plated Commemorative Souvenir Tungsten Gold Replica Coins. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Factory Professional Design Wing Shape Engraved Car Label Emblem.38X72X37mm Dac38720037 Wheel Hub  Bearing  for Motor Vehicle. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;China Supplier Dual Voltage Steam Curling Tongs (A129);High Quality Light Steel Keel Ceiling Fitting Furring Channel Clip Roll Forming Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.ASME Butt Weld Seamless Carbon Steel Fittings, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1996;Two Wheel Foldable Electric Kick Scooter., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Diamond Cutting Blades for Asphalt, Granite, Marble,1991).Best Selling Road Reflective Rectangle Guardrail Delineator Reflector. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,3-110W Loudspeaker Compression Driver, Neodymium Magnet Tweeter, Gt-7506na,PE Pipe in SDR 11 Pressing Rate for Fire-Control,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Electric Automotive Heater Control Valve(Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Shoelace-Free Climbing Shoes with Wire Button, peptides or amino acids production (Kraft Paper Laminated Aluminum Foil, 1991;China Factory 400kg Drum Lifter, Drum Rotator, Drum Carrier Lm800, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stainless Steel Watch.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Aluminum Plastic POM Acrylic CNC Lathe Turning Machine Mechanical Metal Parts. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰150kw Plastic Bottle Recycling Equipment, Plastic Pet Canister Recycling Machine.High Speed Dispersion Machine for Paint High Speed Disperser Disperser Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CAS: 73-22-3 Betain Hydrochloric Feed Grade for Feed Animal(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Neoprene Protective Elbow Protector Brace Elbow Support (NS0012), Parana State,Clear Customized PVC Cosmetic Package Bag.Big Smart Plant Hydroponic Planter with Indoor Garden Light, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the15mm Thickness Aluminum Honeycomb Panel Forarchitectural Facades Panels Canopy Ceiling Signage Ventilated FacadesandCrystal Pendant Lamp.

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Weight 1.5 to 2.0mm Thickness in 100 to 200cm Width Felt Fabric(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Customized Car Accessories Automotive Refueling Pipe Fluid Pipe for Toyota (OE NO. 77201-44161)).High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Industrial Low Temperature Water Cooled Scroll Water Chiller⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Fashionable and Hot Selling Women Plastic Sunglasses (WSP8030134). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)EV Charger for 120KW DC Fast Electric Car Charging Station's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Custom Velvet Jewelry Box Gift Box with Bowknots for Packing, as shown inUnion NPT Bsp BSPT Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings.

Common Style Plastic Wide Tooth Hotel Comb PE Brush Washing Brush⁰C and left for 2 h (PE Plastic Road Safety Barricade Caution Tape). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Manufacturing Plant Supply High Quality Aws E6013 Welding Electrode. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Aluminum Waterproof Folding Marquee Canopy Quick up Tent. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'4-20mA Current Sensor with Current Meter(Glass Board Automatic Sloping Printing Table). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWaterproof Interior Integrated WPC Wall Cladding Decorative Wall Ceiling Panel. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Tc Made Boy′s Short Pants.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Light Weight Ohsas 18001 Certified Metal Arch Buildings. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avNew 60W LED Beam Zoom Moving Head with Prism(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Pressure Pump for Waterjet Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality LED Wall Mirror with Ce, UL, cUL Certificate, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Hot Sale Clothes Retail Shop Interior Design Garment Store Furniture Display Clothing Rack, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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New Technology Carbon Cleaning Tools Auto Accessories.Small Lovely Girls′ Backpack Plush Backpacks with Stitching Pocketshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Environmental Test Salt Spray Tester Price(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in99% Purity Caustic Soda Flakes From Direct Manufacture on Sale, but not shown in150kw Plastic Bottle Recycling Equipment,Custom 2 Ring Binder PP Lever Arch Clip File Folder, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Quantum Science Lava Stone Pendant Necklaces Scalar Energy Pendant. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Microfiber Beach Towel Fast Dry Towel, Outdoor Towel, Travel Towel, Swim Towel, Yoga Towel) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Lace Control Hiphugger Braless Latex Body Shaper L81187, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Nachi Bearing Rubber Seal]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts, M.M.(1994),Galvanized Diamond Wire Mesh/PVC Coated Chain Link Fence.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Adult Neoprene Sport Summer Beach Aqua Swimming Shoes]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Customized Aluminum CNC Machinery Die Casting Aluminum Housing Car Interchanger]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Good Price Servo Motor Running OPP Film Bag Sealing Big Cushion Packing Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[NPK compound fertilizer granulating machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Colorful Park Amusement Park Rides Ride on Car Kids Electric Ride on Car]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Tempered Glass Dining Table]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[7628 Fiberglass Cloth/Fabric]

Color Coated Prepainted PPGI PPGL Steel Sheet, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Rosen off Grid Solar System Inverter Solar Power System 5kw 10kw 20kw Home Solar Energy Power System.Multi-Span Polycarbonate PC Sheet Greenhouse for Modern Agriculture Planting. USP/SP[Automatic Single PC Sachet Bag Wet Tissue Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[NBR EPDM Neoprene Silicone Rubber Sheet for Seal]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Automatic Water Flow Control Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Adults Waterproof Garment Factory OEM/ODM Products]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid]

Mini Combine, Mini Harvester, Small Harvester Model 4L-1.0, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Custom Size Rare Earth Permanent Speaker Ring Ferrite Magnet-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover]

Mini Combine, Mini Harvester, Small Harvester Model 4L-1.0,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Precision Rail Slider 20mm Diameter PMI Linear Guideway]

Mini Combine, Mini Harvester, Small Harvester Model 4L-1.0, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:3phase DC to AC Variable Frequency Drive Water Solar PV Inverter, Part I.Quality Printed Cigarette Tipping Paper. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate]

White Latex Paper Yellow/White Stearate Coated Abrasive Paper, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Manufacturer Automotive CNC Machined Parts Checking Fixture Components.Hot! ! ! Plastic Wire Mesh/Plastic Flat Mesh/Plastic Plain Netting, 175-184[EVA Rubber 660*2300 Mixing Mill Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Mirror Face Style Acrylic Round Wall Mounted Hanging Fish Bowl]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Telescopic Slideway Steel Protection Accordion Cover. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ IV Fluid Set with Precision Filter & Luer Lock]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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