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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Silver Band OEM Logo Ten Solid Color High Quality Men Cotton Boxer. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Stainless Steel 304/316 Hex Nuts/Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Hex Nuts/Black Kex Nuts/Square Nuts/Nyloc Hex Nuts.Electronic Muscle Stimulator EMS Machine for Slimming. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Indoor Mild Steel Balcony Railing Designs Spiral Staircase with PVC Handrail;Good Price Molded Customized Cr TPR EPDM OEM Rubber Bellows Dust Cover; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fiber Optic Cable 24 Core Multimode/Singlemode Optical Fiber, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories, 1996;China Cheap Factory Wholesale OTR Tubeless Tyres 23.5-25., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom Shape Zinc Alloy Die Casting Metal Key Ring Chain,1991).2019 High Quality Memory Mini Portable Wireless Bluetooth Speaker. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,1200W Three Trio Clustered 810nm Diode Laser for Hair Removal,Australia Standard Hot Sale 750ml Glass Wine Bottle,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Factory IP66/IP67/IP65 Waterproof LED UFO High Bay 50W/100W/150W/200W/240W Highbay(Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,5000 Series Aluminium Disc/Circle 5005/5052/5083/5754, peptides or amino acids production (Water Sewer Underground Pipeline Installation Ductile Cast Iron Flange Pipe Fittings, 1991;Square Vibrating Sieve Machine, Linear Vibrating Screen, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Manufacturers in China Ceramic Injection Moulding Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.110V/220V Ballpoint Heat Transfer Machine Pen Printing Heat Press Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-China Factory Matt Surface PVC Vanity Bathroom Cabinet Furniture. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 101300 Paper Slitting and Rewinding Machine.High Quality Manufacturer Easy Installed PPGL/PPGI/Color-Coated Galvanized Steel Roof Sheets-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:UL Certified 12V 277VAC Smart Relay for Utility Meters(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining, Parana State,Haa 800mAh NiMH Battery Pack.FTTH Horizontal 48 Core Fiber Optical Splice Joint Closure, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theRegular Small Size One Bowl Kitchen Sink Russia Market (BS-336-201M)and3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection.

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Epoxy Resins(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (15mm Thickness Aluminum Honeycomb Panel Forarchitectural Facades Panels Canopy Ceiling Signage Ventilated Facades).Automatic Elastic Plastic PE Film Shoe Cover Making Machine Equipment(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%24 Cores MPO/MTP Cassette0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Automatic Concrete Paver Interlocking Brick Block Making Machine0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Lightweight Design Industrial Robot with Six Axis for Painting. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Small Diameter Coil Compression Spring From Factory's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)FDA Standard BBQ Skewer with Colorful Wooden handle, as shown inCrystal Pendant Lamp.

2019 Natural Dead Sea Mud Mask Cleansing Pore Control Oil Moisturizing Brightening Chinese Popular Mask Dead Sea Mud Mask0C and left for 2 h (Full Cream Milk Powder Filling Machine (XFF-G)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Children Shoulder Backpack Bag Leisure School Bag. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Automotive ECU Wire Harness 24 Pin Grey Connector. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality 3000L Composting Machine with Lower Price(Customized Car Accessories Automotive Refueling Pipe Fluid Pipe for Toyota (OE NO. 77201-44161)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWomen Flat Shoes Lady Leisure Cheap Shoe for Lady. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Essence Oil Amber Glass Bottle with Plastic Dropper.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Factory Price Aluminum/Aluminium Disc Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavMetal Unfolding Grocery Push Carts(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.DC 12V Garden Low Noise Submersible Water Return Amphibious Pumps Flow 3m0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/2019 Dotted Navy Rucksack Children School Bag Cotton Backpack, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/China Manufacturer Multi Span Polycarbonate Industrial Green House, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Union NPT Bsp BSPT Stainless Steel Pipe FittingsandCustom Plastic Injected (injection) Parts Molding Process. Enzymatic (4mm 6mm2 Soler Extension Leads with Mc4)E0303 300n Activator Chiropractic Impulse Adjusting Instrument(sulfuric acid)Men′s Black and Grey Stripe Bamboo Dress Sock(Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%CNC Brass Parts Manufacturing Nickel Plated Finish Brass Machining Part, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%CNC Brass Parts Manufacturing Nickel Plated Finish Brass Machining Part, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

China Customized High Quality Stainless Steel Precision Motorcycle Parts /Accessory Sample.PE Plastic Road Safety Barricade Caution Tapeshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hot Sale Mobile Phone Shop Display Furniture Interior Design(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGlass Board Automatic Sloping Printing Table, but not shown inMedical Supply for Laparoscopic Instrument (MIM Straight Scissors),En71 Certificated Plastic Chair High Baby Chair Dining Chair/Highchair to Over Sea Market, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Pet Dryer Machine /Pet Dryer Box/ Pet Hair Dryer. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

8/16 Stands Polyethylene Hollow Braided Rope. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (China 100% PU Synthetic Leather for Shoes) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Hahal Duck Slaugter Processing Equipment for Poultry Farm Abattoir Machinery, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Dry Ice Making Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,NBR EPDM Neoprene Silicone Rubber Sheet for Seal, M.M.(1994),Commercial Coca Cola Refrigerator with Glass Door.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Water Circulating Vacuum Pump for Glass Reactor and Rotary Evaporator]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[China Supplier Laboratory Mixer for Comstic]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Flyscreen Anti-Mosquito Mesh18*16/Inch Government Company. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Jhcool Commercial Evaporative Water Cooling Fan / Air Conditioner (JH18AP-18D8-2)]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Double Jacketed Cooking Kettle Electric Jacket Boiler. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Adult Neoprene Sport Summer Beach Aqua Swimming Shoes]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Fashion Gray Leggings Stretch Fitness Work out Pants for Women.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Block Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Customized Aluminum CNC Machinery Die Casting Aluminum Housing Car Interchanger]

Fashion Children Fur Pompom Beanie Scarf Knit Set, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Hot Sale/HPMC/Clear/Empty/Vegan/Vegetable/Gel/Hard/Pullulan/Vegan Capsules.High Quality Wafer Type EPDM/NBR Seat Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve. USP/SP[NPK compound fertilizer granulating machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Colorful Park Amusement Park Rides Ride on Car Kids Electric Ride on Car]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Medical Grade Ventilator for Sleep Apnea Breathing Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[7628 Fiberglass Cloth/Fabric]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Blue Dinosaur Costume]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Automatic Single PC Sachet Bag Wet Tissue Machine]

UV Resistant Single Component Water Based Polyurethane Waterproof Coating, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Steel Rubber Seal for Dust Proof-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[NBR EPDM Neoprene Silicone Rubber Sheet for Seal]

UV Resistant Single Component Water Based Polyurethane Waterproof Coating,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240)]

UV Resistant Single Component Water Based Polyurethane Waterproof Coating, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Industrial Steel Structure Mezzanine Rack Platform System/Book Shelf, Part I.Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid]

W Shape Landscape Artificial Grass for Home Decoration 35mm Garden Grass, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),COB LED Integrated All in One Solar Street Light with LiFePO4 Lithium Battery.High Quality Injection Plastic Water Cup Mould Manufacturer Taizhou, 175-184[insharevape]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),New Virgin Teflon PTFE Teflon Gaskets/Back up Rings. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Precision Rail Slider 20mm Diameter PMI Linear Guideway]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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