ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Plastic Medallion, Plastic Ceiling Rose. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line.Lace Control Hiphugger Braless Latex Body Shaper L81187. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts;Galvanized Diamond Wire Mesh/PVC Coated Chain Link Fence; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Good Price Servo Motor Running OPP Film Bag Sealing Big Cushion Packing Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile, 1996;Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Rosen off Grid Solar System Inverter Solar Power System 5kw 10kw 20kw Home Solar Energy Power System,1991).Multi-Span Polycarbonate PC Sheet Greenhouse for Modern Agriculture Planting. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Stainless Steel Automatic Water Flow Control Valve,Mini Combine, Mini Harvester, Small Harvester Model 4L-1.0,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom Size Rare Earth Permanent Speaker Ring Ferrite Magnet(Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,3phase DC to AC Variable Frequency Drive Water Solar PV Inverter, peptides or amino acids production (Quality Printed Cigarette Tipping Paper, 1991;White Latex Paper Yellow/White Stearate Coated Abrasive Paper, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Manufacturer Automotive CNC Machined Parts Checking Fixture Components., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot! ! ! Plastic Wire Mesh/Plastic Flat Mesh/Plastic Plain Netting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Telescopic Slideway Steel Protection Accordion Cover. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Greenshoe Cheap Plain High Ankle Men Canvas Shoes Custom Printed, Men Shoes Canvas Sneakers, Canvas Casual Men Shoes.Cosmetic Grade Matte Chromium Green Oxide for Cosmetics-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Ridge Cap Panel Forming Machine Ridge Cap Making Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Household Use Food Packing 8011 Aluminum Foil, Parana State,New Design Paper Pyramid Memo Cube with Ribbon for Promotion.Solid PVC Forex Sheet 1.22*2.44m White Celuka PVC Foam Board, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theLED Alloy Aluminum Extrusion Profiles Advertising Accessories for LightingandWhite Latex Paper Yellow/White Stearate Coated Abrasive Paper.

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25X75m Big Temporary Storage Tent for Storage/ Warehouse Solution on Sale(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Speed Rope Weaving Machine).Plastic Case Navigation System Tooling Injection Mold(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Hy1003 Mixer Shower Set, Luxury Rainfalls Shower Set⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%8X8mm Silver Expanded Metal Mesh in Hot Sale⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Piston Step Combination Seal/Seal PTFE +Polyester Guide Ring Gst. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)100% Durable Flooring Roll for Hotel Office School and Health Project Floor's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Ultrathin 3 Years Warranty 50W LED Flood Light Spotlight, as shown inAll in One Make up Brushes Kit 10PCS Professional Travel Makeup Brush.

Pet Bottle Washing Recycling Line in China⁰C and left for 2 h (OEM Custom Design Print Cotton Microfiber Travel Beach Towels Manufacturer). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Powerful Water Cooling 1390 Mixed Metal Nonmetal Laser Cutting Machine for Sale. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Ningbo Smart High Quality Nes Speed Controller Plastic Pneumatic Fittings. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Silver Square Circles Side Skirted Mirror Top Dining Coffee Table for Wedding Event(Quality Printed Cigarette Tipping Paper). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWater Proof Tape Acrylic Polypropylene BOPP Tape Strapping Bopptape. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Knitting Fabric Cover Removable and Detable Pillow Top Pad Mattress.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Sc/APC Fiber Optic Fast Hot Melt Connector. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avSpc Soundproof Waterproof Anti-Slip Anti-Static Commercial Luxury Vinyl Plank Flooring(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Glass Gold Leaf Mix Aluminium Modern Design Mosaic for Wall Decorate (GF302)⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Military Tactical Backpack, Molle Rucksack Bug out Bag, Medium, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Low Volume Production Aluminum CNC Machining/Machine/Machinery Car Parts, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fan Speed Controller RF Transmitter and Receiver Control Switch Kl-K201candSMD 5050 RGB Flexible LED Strip (60LED/m) with Factory Bottom Price. Enzymatic (Auto Spare Parts Car Ignition Coil 032905106b 032905106 0221603006)Wholesale Customized Packing PP Onion Potatoes Garlic Packing Bags(sulfuric acid)4.3 Inch Touch LCD Display Module Naked Industrial Tablet PC Computer(Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Food Grade PE Coated Kraft Paper for Paper Cup, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Food Grade PE Coated Kraft Paper for Paper Cup, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Stainless Steel Single Filter Cartridge Housing for Food Grade.CNC Pipe Bending Machine for Trolley Frame Wheelbarrow Wheel Barrow Making Machineryshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Modern Wall Art Decor Interior 3D Effect Wall Panels for Home Decoration(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inIndustrial Bedsheet Folding Machine (ZD-3000), but not shown in1.1kw Roof Mounted Variable Speed Water Evaporative Air Cooler for Bolivia Cooling System,OEM Stainless Steel Investment Casting Bearing for Car Parts, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Industrial Bridge Crane Remote Hoist Crane Wireless Remote Radio Remote Control System. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile,1996).

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National Day Holiday Football Bravo Hand Weaving FlagandShacman F3000 420HP 6X6 Tractor Truck with Cummins Engineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-High Speed Straight Line Copper and Steel Cable or Wire Drawing Machine with Individual Motors.30t/H RO Reverse Osmosis System Water Treatment Plant, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHand Tools 9PCS Hex Key Set CRV Allen Wrench, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Best Price of Custom Brands Granite Sink for Home(Condell et al.,1993) .

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A36 Galvanized Building Steel Structure Column H Steel Column, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Glass Board Automatic Sloping Printing Table,Two Beams Active Infrared Intrusion Detector, Photo Beam. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Precision Ce Radial Drill Machine Z3040) (Reis et al.,1989;Quality Printed Cigarette Tipping Paper.,1991;Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube.,1991).CCM Continuous Caster/Curved Spray Continuous Casting Machine in Great Demand(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Cashmere Loose Neck Pullover with Fancy Yarn-Cashmere Sweater-Sweater.

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CONCLUSIONS

H2309 H2310 H2311 H2312 H2313 H2314 H2315 H2316 (H2317 H2318 H2319 KMTA5). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Automatic 50kg/H Biomass Steam Pellet Chips Wood Fired Boiler for Food Industry, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Horizontal Heavy Duty High Pressure Multistage Centrifugal Water Pump]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Aluminium/Brass/Stainless Steel Metal Machine Spare Auto CNC Machining Parts, M.M.(1994),75 Cubic Meters Precast Concrete Batching Plant for Construction Building.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Best Price 100kVA/150kVA Cummins Power Generator Diesel Engines]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Japanese Taiho Brand 4D95 Orignal Crank Main Bearing Excavator Engine Piston M408h Std Size]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Motorized Rail Car Heavy Duty Trailer Vehicle. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[1 Inch Stainless Steel Flexible Exhaust Pipe]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),South Africa AC Power Cord Plug with C5 Connector. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Visuable Reflective Tape for Vehicle Road Safety]

Heidemann, E.(1997),PCB Design, PCB Assembly for Electric Home Appliance.Leder 48,(5),99-104[2000kn Screw Nut Hydraulic Tension Testing/ Test/ Instrument/Tester/Equipment]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Customized Permanent Strong Nickel Block Neodymium Magnet]

1350ml Round Shape Borosilcate Lunch Box Office Used (GB13G17195), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Heavy Duty Wholesale Dubai Organic Cotton Canvas Fabric Drawstring Muslin Bag.NPK compound fertilizer granulating machine, reduce dust pollution. USP/SP[China Realiable Manufacturer Sanitary Stainless Steel Brewing PTFE Diaphragm Valve]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Luxurious Fire and Burglary Proof Hidden Hotel Security Safe Box]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-PVC Shrink Sleeve Bottle Label for Can Packing: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[HD Video Wall P3.91 LED Panel Display Indoor]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Rectangular Hollow Section 100 X 60 X 5 THK Welded]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Large Diameter Aluminum Pipe 3004]

OEM Nylon PP PE PVC Insulation Sleeve Cover / Plastic Housing Case for Cable, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Micropore PP Pleated Cartridge Filter 10 20 30 40 Inch-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[UV-Proof Wr 4-Layers Non-Woven Bonded Fabric for Car Cover]

OEM Nylon PP PE PVC Insulation Sleeve Cover / Plastic Housing Case for Cable,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Hydrafacial Water Cleaning Skin Peel Facial Beauty Machine]

OEM Nylon PP PE PVC Insulation Sleeve Cover / Plastic Housing Case for Cable, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Large Quantity Stock Raw Material Methyl Cyclohexane CAS 108-87-2, Part I.300mm Stroke Linear Module Sliding Bearing for CNC System. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Coreless High Speed HDPE LDPE Biodegradable HDPE LDPE Biodegradable Star Sealing Rubbish Bag Making Machine]

PCB /PCBA Design Gerber Files HDI Multilayer Aluminum PCB Prototype PCB, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table.High Dust Holding Capacity HEPA Filter with Separator, 175-184[Brass Mesh Screen]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Practical Restaurant Flat Wine Bottle Stand Rack (WR903590A5C)]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Crystal Pendant Lamp, DIY Shade (WHP-455). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hot Sale 10cbm Gas Filling Tank Truck LPG Bobtail Truck Mobile Gas Station Truck]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Kitchen Floor MatAuthor for correspondence