ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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Key words;UV Resistant Single Component Water Based Polyurethane Waterproof Coating;Steel Rubber Seal for Dust Proof; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Industrial Steel Structure Mezzanine Rack Platform System/Book Shelf, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing, 1996;W Shape Landscape Artificial Grass for Home Decoration 35mm Garden Grass., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (COB LED Integrated All in One Solar Street Light with LiFePO4 Lithium Battery,1991).High Quality Injection Plastic Water Cup Mould Manufacturer Taizhou. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,New Virgin Teflon PTFE Teflon Gaskets/Back up Rings,Capacitive Push Button Membrane Keyboards,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Copper Nickel 90 / 10 Pipe Fittings 180 Degree Lr Elbow(Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality 12 Colors Moisturizing Glitter Shiny Lip Gloss, peptides or amino acids production (Europe Style Wholesale Custom PVC Double Bathroom Cabinet Vanity Mirror Cabinet, 1991;Dtp18650-2s2p 14.8V 2200mAh 2600mAh Customizable Li-ion 18650 Battery Pack, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Manufacturer Custom DSLR SLR Camera Sling Backpack with Zipper., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.12V 96LED Outdoor Lighting Solar Torch Light for Christmas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Second Hand/Used Hot Rolling Mill/Equipment/Machine/Production Line. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰SMF/VRLA Lead Acid Battery AGM Storage Battery for UPS System VRLA 12V200ah Export to UAE, India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Africa.High Efficiency Swimming Pool Air Source Water Heat Pump-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CNC Manufacturer High Precision Custom CNC Machining Parts/ CNC Service(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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PVC Hdo Construction Formworks(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Air Cooled Heat Pump Chiller Can Be Customized).Screw Dosing Feeder Used for Chicken Feed Plant(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%5.5 to 7.5kw AC Frequency Inverter for Motor AC Drive⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Factory Direct Disposable Delivery Surgical Drape Set/Pack with Eo Sterile⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Automatic Waste Paper Stripper. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Halogen Operating Lamp Medical Light Surgical Lamp (L734 Mobile type)'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Mesh Stainless Steel Scourer Iron Sponge Used of Galvanised, as shown inPolished Any Length Size Display Table Aluminium Extrusion Profile.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Irregular Shape Hologram Label Printing. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Speed Rope Weaving Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Nij III Silicon Carbide + PE Anti Spalling Coating Bullet Proof Vest Ballistic Plate⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/10 Speed Sex Perineum Massage Butterfly Remote Vagina Vibration Clitoris Stimulation Vibrating Panties Sex Toys, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Funny Kids Soft Play Maze Big Slide Indoor Soft Playground, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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MITSUBISHI

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CONCLUSIONS

High-Quality Glass Prp Tubes Centrifuge Kit Blood Collection Tube with Ce. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (QJ-M Moving small manual brick making machine with low cost) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Vacuum Packaging Weight Loss Slimming 100kHz Cavitation Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Cheap Customized Aluminium Sand Casting, M.M.(1994),Plastic Stand up Coffee Food Packaging Bag with Resealable Zipper.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Kids Waterproof Softshell Jacket with Brushed Fleece Inside]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[China Factory Matt Surface PVC Vanity Bathroom Cabinet Furniture]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Non-Woven Greenhouse Insulation Felt Making Machine Production Line/ Sell Greenhouse Insulation Quilt Production Line. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[150ml Round Aromatherapy Diffuser Glass Bottle]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Washing Machine Components Stainless Countersunk External Tooth Lock Washers From China. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Livestock Poultry Farm Pig/Sow/Hog/Piglets Breeding Machine for Sale]

Heidemann, E.(1997),New Arrival Wafer Type Pneumatic Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Welding Ball Valve]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[CNC Machined Parts Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Stainless Steel Parts]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[White Electrical Fireplace Warmer]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-100% Hand-Painted Canvas Oil Painting Wall Art for Trees: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Aluminium/Brass/Stainless Steel Metal Machine Spare Auto CNC Machining Parts]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Clear Silica Infrared Heating Lamp]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Deep-V Titanium Tent Stake Anchor Peg with Soil Lock with Reflective Pull Cord for Camping and Backpacking]

Factort Price Cattle Beef Slaughtering Equipment for Sale, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Automatic Concrete Paver Interlocking Brick Block Making Machine]

Factort Price Cattle Beef Slaughtering Equipment for Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Micropore PP Pleated Cartridge Filter 10 20 30 40 Inch]

Factort Price Cattle Beef Slaughtering Equipment for Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:API 594 Super Duplex Steel Single Disc Dual Disc Plate Wafer Check Valve, Part I.1-40mm Thickness and 1.22m, 1.56m Size PVC Celuka Board Manufacturer for Cabinets. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Experienced Construction Steel Structure Building Design]

High Definition Outdoor Video Advertising LED Billboard, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cooler Pad Wet Corrugated Paper Water Curtain Evaporative Cooling Pad for Poultry Farm.304 Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt, 175-184[Key Shell]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Factory NBR O Ring / FKM/EPDM/HNBR Rubber Ring Seal]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),New Small Plug-in Insect Killer Mosquito Killing Lamp. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[18mm Thickness Best Quality Poplar Birch Commercial Plywood]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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