ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Q32 Series Tumble Belt Shot Blasting Machine. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Home Daily Tealight Glass Holder, Glass Candle Holder

ABSTRACT

Baking Rotating Rack Diesel Gas Steam Oven Machine for Food, Cake, Buscuit, Croissant. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Round Manufactory Non-Stick Silicone Stainless Dog Feeder.Plastic Anchors Lag Expansion Nails Plugs Screws 100 PCS. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Extendable 485mm Stun Guns Baton with Electric Shock for Self Defense (X10), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid, 1996;High Lumen Outdoor IP65 100W LED Flood Light., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Yk-11 Yk11 Powder Yk 11 Sarm Powder in High Quality,1991).Retail Supermarket Display Refrigerator Supermarket Beverage Showcase. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,European Fashion Style Ladies Wrist Watch with Interchangeable Strap,Reusable SS304 316L Stainless Steel Powder 5 10 20 Micron Sintered Filter Cartridge for Indusrial Oil Filter,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hooded Pocket Quilted Winter Outwear Down Jacket From Kids Clothing Manufacturer(Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Full Automatic Combination Weighing Packing Machine Jy-420A, peptides or amino acids production (Production Line for Making Nonwoven Stiff Waddings and Glue-Free Waddings / Nonwoven Spray Glue Cotton Production Line/ Hot Melt Glue Sheet for Fabrics Laminate, 1991;Tfl Blue Rubber Transmission Belts/Automotive Spare Part, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;1220*2440*15mm Chipboard with Plain Face for Furniture Decoration From China., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Flat Wedge Wire Panel China Factory.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Large Size Auto Feeding Paper Cutter Composite CNC Digital Oscillation Circular Vibration Cutting Machine 1610 1625. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Best Selling Hydraulic Small Truck with Crane 10 Ton.Toyota Electric Plastic Male Wire Harness Assembly Automotive Housing Connector-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CNC Pipe Bending Machine for Trolley Frame Wheelbarrow Wheel Barrow Making Machinery(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

3W 5W 7W 9W LED Bulb E27 E14 B22 LED Bulb, Parana State,Home Daily Tealight Glass Holder, Glass Candle Holder.High Efficiency Pineapple Canning Plant, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDual USB Charger Switch Panel 12V Cigarette Lighter Power Socket & LED Voltmeter and on-off Buttom Switch for Marine Boat Car RV Truck Camper VehiclesandLarge Water Capacity PP Pleated Material 60 Inch 5 Micron Water Cartridge Filter for Power Plant Treatment.

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Embossed Pattern PU Leather Classic Mens Wallet(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (100t 3200 mm Simple Operation Hydraulic Bending Machine Used in Luminum Alloy Doors and Windows Industry).Cheapest 250ml 300ml 400ml 500ml 800ml Voss Glass Water Bottles(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Casting PE Film with Ash for Adult Diaper Back Sheet⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Supra Brand Laundry Liquid Baby Formula⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Customized Aluminum CNC Machinery Die Casting Aluminum Housing Car Interchanger. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Cleaning Products Sponge Vacuumized Pack 65mm's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Mineral Water Bottle Mould Plastic Blowing Mold, as shown inHot! ! ! Plastic Wire Mesh/Plastic Flat Mesh/Plastic Plain Netting.

High Quality Acrylic/PVC/Kt Foam Board, Outdoor Advertising Sign Boards⁰C and left for 2 h (Pod Style Doval Vape Pen battery 170mAh Vape Pod 0.5ml Electronic Cigarette Without E Liquid Vape Batteries). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.6000PCS/H Automatically Paper Recycling Egg Tray Moulding Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Class 1/Class 2 Birch Plywood for Automotive and Boatbuilding Applications. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Cookies Cake Automatic Rotary Packing Machine(Low Noise Ventilating Blower Fan for Agriculture). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAluminum Led. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Building Material Quick Install Types of Scaffolding Couplers.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Latest New Upgraded High Security and Regular Keys Cutting Machine Sec-E9 for Automobile Industury. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHearing Aid Accessories Silicon Straight Tube Curved Tube for Rec and Mic(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Wholesale Dry Fit Plain Sport Suit Top and Pants Man′s Club T Shirt Team Shirt⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/PTFE Teflon Coated Fiberglass Fabric and Clothptfe Fiberglass Cloth, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/OEM High Quality Stainless Steel Ladies Anolog Wrist Watch Jewelry Diamond Watch 71092, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Hemp Recycle Polyester Blenched Jersey Knit Fabric.Ball Millshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Auto Parts Iridium Spark Plug Izfr6K-11 9807b-5617W for Honda CRV(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inKunba Vertical Automatic Food Packing Sealing Machine CBS-1100V, but not shown inLace Control Hiphugger Braless Latex Body Shaper L81187,Capsule Size 3 Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules 100% Bovine Gelatin Vacant Capsule, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Large Soft Cooler Bag Insulated Lunch Box Bag Picnic Cooler Tote with Dispensing Lid,1996).

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Brake Fluid Tank Container Hot Plate Plastic Welding Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.6 Shooter Multi-Band Ligator Used to Endoscopically Ligate Esophageal Varices,Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Jy-606m Wooden Armrest Lecture Theatre Chair Function Hall School Chairs) (Reis et al.,1989;Production Line for Making Nonwoven Stiff Waddings and Glue-Free Waddings / Nonwoven Spray Glue Cotton Production Line/ Hot Melt Glue Sheet for Fabrics Laminate.,1991;High Lumen Outdoor IP65 100W LED Flood Light.,1991).Distributor Living Room Furniture Restaurant Chair Tiffany Chair for Wedding(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality Custom Stainless Steel/Brass/Bronze/ Precision  Auto Spare Parts.

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CONCLUSIONS

Puffed Core Filling Sanck Production Machine with Ce From China. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Mini Cocoa Peanut Paste Grinding Butter Colloid Mill for Sale) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

86 Inch All-in-One Android System Interactive Touch LCD Kiosk for Education/Meeting, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Al-Zr Master Alloys]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Cummins Fuel Injector Kit (3076736 3095023), M.M.(1994),Hnx IP68 Waterproof Nylon Plastic Cable Gland Pg13.5.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Blue Color Tie-on Surgical Face Mask Soft Touch]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Nylon Hammer Fixings Drive Anchor]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Matrix Keyboard 3X3 Matrix Membrane Switch PCB Membrane Keypad Switch. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Class 1/Class 2 Birch Plywood for Automotive and Boatbuilding Applications]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Plastic Therm Forming Filling Sealing Machine, Lid Press Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[PCBA SMT Equipment PCB Depaneling Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Battery USB 1m 5m 10m Cup Desk Decoration Copper LED String Light]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Digital Control with LED Display DC Solar Small Deep Freezer Fridge]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Flip PU Tablet Case Cover for iPad iPad Mini 4 Cover]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Delrin Sheets with Good Wear Resistance: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Custom Clamshell Book Shape Black Cardboard Magnet Gift Box]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Dental Zirconia Crown From Midway Dental Lab]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Optical Fiber Connector Cleaning Cassette Reel Cleaner]

High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Professional High Precision SLS/SLS 3D Printing Action Figure Parts Rapid Prototyping Service-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Powder Injection Molding MIM Machinery Parts for Turbo Vnt Nozzle Ring (vane)]

High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[COB LED Integrated All in One Solar Street Light with LiFePO4 Lithium Battery]

High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Spiral Rib Dies, Tungsten Carbide Spiral Screw Wire Drawing Dies, Part I.Plastic Gas and Water End Protective Covers (YZF-H26). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[2019 Hot Sale High Quality Chinese Factory Direct Supplied Heavy Duty 3-200ton Electric Winch]

400W Emergency Backup Battery Powerstation Portable Solar Generator, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Clear Plastic Roofing Sheet Roof Tile Price Plastic Shingle Roof.Automatic Electric Hydraulic Metal Bending Machine, 175-184[Smart Tv]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality 33kv 6.3kv 1000 kVA 50% Copper and 50% Aluminum Material Distribution Transformer Made in China]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesale Customized Packing PP Onion Potatoes Garlic Packing Bags]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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