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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-CNC Engraving Machine Laser Marking for Assembly Line. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1)

ABSTRACT

Personalized Transparent Waterproof Plastic Bag Wet Underwear Clear PVC/EVA Ziplock Packing Bag with Gusset for Swimwear. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Quality A3 High Speed Epson Head UV Printing Machine for Bottle Printing.12V/24V, Ts16949, Air Conditioner Fan for Difference Refrigeration Truck. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts, 1996;Zoo-Tunes Portable Wireless Mini Character Speakers., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (CF8m Air Actuated Valve Dn15,1991).Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Premium Baby Toddler Food Feeding Silicone Bowl with Lid,Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat(Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire, peptides or amino acids production (Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete, 1991;Professional Silicone Rubber Gasket for Doors Windows, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Top Quality 99.95% Molybdenum Square Plates., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.HDPE Skew 45 Degree Drainage Pipe Fitting Sewage Tee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Aluminium Glass Dropper for Glass Dropper Bottle.L133pbd Common Rail Delphi Nozzle for Ford Mondeo-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Pet PVC Shrink Label for Bottled Beverage Bottle Can Packing(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Medical Garbage Treatment with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Hospital Rubbish Sterilizer 5, Parana State,PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1).PVD Vacuum Metal Coating Machine for Stainless Steel, Ceramic, Glass, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theConstruction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube ManufacturerandFiber Reinforced Plastic GRP FRP Fiberglass Gratings.

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65 Polyester 35 Cotton Fabric Camouflage Printed Fabric(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock).Food Bag Core Rolling Bag Grocery Plastic Bag LDPE Bag Cheap Rolling Bag Cold Cutting Vegetable Bag Flat Bag Fruit Bag Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Wholesale Colorful New Style Various Aluminum 24/410 415 Lotion Pump⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%OEM Grey/Dutile Iron Qt500-7 Square/Round Manhole Covers of Cast Iron Manhole Covers⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Rolling Shutter Door Hardwares, Link Pipe, Link Clip. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)200L 220L Plastic Drum Chemical Barrel Blow Molding Moulding Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China Realiable Manufacturer Sanitary Stainless Steel Brewing PTFE Diaphragm Valve, as shown in20m3/H Wet Mix Concrete Mixer Machine Mobile Concrete Batching Plant.

FUJI Small Home Lift for Sale⁰C and left for 2 h (Airtac Tubing Quick Connect Puick Coupling Pneumatic Fitting). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Hot Sale Effective Scc628 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid From China Supplier. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Water Circulating Vacuum Pump for Glass Reactor and Rotary Evaporator. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Ce Jacket Heated Water Chocolate Holding Tank Manufacturer(Horizontal Milling and Boring CNC Lathe Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inDark Oak Modern Aluminum 4 Person Seats Office Workstation (LD-D1124). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Lanyards Ribbons Screen Printing Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Factory New-Product-Best-Quality-Customized-Metal-Pressing. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avGood Price Pet Pharmacy Bottle Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Excavator Diesel Engine Spare Parts Yanmar 4tnv98 Main Bearing+0.5⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Beer Made in China OEM Abv 8.0%Vol Lager Beer, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Cat Cardboard House Pet Product Accessories, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Cog Mono Round Display LCD ModuleandEPDM Crossfit Gym Mat/Rubber Interlocking Flooring. Enzymatic (Aoer 1/3HP, 1725 Rpm, 115V AC Single Phase Electric Motor Washing Machine Motor)Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine for Drying Wood(sulfuric acid)Hot Sale Classic Golden Painted Rectangular Mirrored Dining Table(Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%52cc Gasoline Paddy Cutter Two Handle, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%52cc Gasoline Paddy Cutter Two Handle, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Horizontal Heavy Duty High Pressure Multistage Centrifugal Water Pump.Wholesale Waterproof Outdoor Army Military Camouflage Printing Ripstop Polyester Fabricshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Durable Fully Automatic Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Wire Mesh Steel Metal Baby Chicks Breeding Cage(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inTfl Blue Rubber Transmission Belts/Automotive Spare Part, but not shown in150 micron steel mesh filter magnetic hydraulic filter cartridge,OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Rapid Prototype Plastic Molding Simple Rapid Tooling and Simple Mould. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts,1996).

Tylosin Tartrate

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Shoelace-Free Climbing Shoes with Wire ButtonandOEM Nylon PP PE PVC Insulation Sleeve Cover / Plastic Housing Case for Cableshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Dicalcium Phosphate 18% Granular DCP 18% Feed Grade Animal Nutrition Feed Additives.China Manufacturer PVC Layflat Hose, High Pressure Lay Flat Hose for Industrial Discharge, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inLime Dewatering Filter Press Cloth Filter, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.400-600 Grit 201 304 Grade Polished Stainless Steel Pipe(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Meanwell LRS-35-24 35W 24V 1.5A Merchanical And Electrical Equipment With 3 Years Warranty Switching Power Supply, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Wholesale 10kg 25kg Raschel Sacks for Packaging Vegetables,5 Axis CNC Machining Part Clear Anodize High Precision 3D Horizontal Scanner Extension Adjusting Nut. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale) (Reis et al.,1989;Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete.,1991;Zoo-Tunes Portable Wireless Mini Character Speakers.,1991).Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Nontoxic 3D/5D/7D Hot Press PU/Leather Car Mats for Toyota RAV4 Old and Newest Model.

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CONCLUSIONS

Car Interior Accessories Customized Car Seat Cover. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (One Compartment Commercial Sink Without Drainboard) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Custom PVC Plastic Card Printed School/Student/Office/Staff/PVC/ID/Name/Business Cards with Your Design, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hot Sale Ultrasonic Vacuum Cavitation Lipo Reduction Slimming Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,10 X 10 Canopy Pop up Tent Outdoor Gazebo Tent for Exhibition, M.M.(1994),Clean Room Purifying Equipment NSF Certified Biological Safety Cabinet.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Pig Farm Cast Iron Pig Leakage Dung Floor]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Boiler Room Ventilation Exhaust Fan]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Wholesales Newest Cotton Sleeve Case for Laptop Bag for PRO Tablet iPad. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[China 14 Head Standard 2.5L Multihead Weigher for Packing Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),OEM/ODM Raw Material MDF HDF Laminate Door. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[1300 Paper Slitting and Rewinding Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),7628 Fiberglass Cloth/Fabric.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High-End 316L Case Generous Men′s Swiss Movement Wrist Watch]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Quality X Ray Lead Glasses with Good Prices]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Beauty Equipment Skin Care Machine PDT-LED Light Therapy Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Floral Kids PVC School Raincoat: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Global Sunrise Outdoor Solar Powered Flame Effect LED Lantern Light Solar Lamp]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[PP Flexible Plastic Corrugated Loom Tubing]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[8FT Wood Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Machinery]

MB-Z700 10-12t/H Hot Sale Wood Log Debarking Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Fs2121 Locking Latch Flush Stainless Steel and Flush Paddle Latch with Truck Toolbox Lock-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[30t/H RO Reverse Osmosis System Water Treatment Plant]

MB-Z700 10-12t/H Hot Sale Wood Log Debarking Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Press Fitting Fittings Water Meter Fittings Hose Quick Connector]

MB-Z700 10-12t/H Hot Sale Wood Log Debarking Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Microsynthetic Fiber Virgin Homopolymer Polypropylene Monofilament Fibermesh, Part I.78mm Aluminum Gold Color Plastic Jar Screw Cap. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[HD 1.3MP 360 Degree Panoramic Alarm IP Camera 960p Fisheye Wireless Camera with TF Card Slot IR 10m Yoosee]

Best Price 100kVA/150kVA Cummins Power Generator Diesel Engines, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),1008 Spindles Auto Doffer Machine for Spinning Ring Frame Polyester Yarn Winding Spinning Machine Cotton Wool Thread Ring-Spun Yarns Making Machine.0.5L Plastic Pet Water Bottle Blower Molding Machine/Pet Bottle Making, 175-184[Apple Portable Charger Suppliers for Sale]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Cheap Stainless Steel Mirror Home Panoramic 6 Person Residential Passenger Lift Elevator. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[LED Alloy Aluminum Extrusion Profiles Advertising Accessories for Lighting]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

White Latex Paper Yellow/White Stearate Coated Abrasive PaperAuthor for correspondence