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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Kunba Vertical Automatic Food Packing Sealing Machine CBS-1100V. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Quality Assured Magnetic Building Blocks for Children.Factory Price Lawn Sprinkler Portable Sprinkler Irrigation System. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Heavy Duty Industrial Biodegradable Plastic Garbage Bag Black/Gary;Punching Machine for Greenhouses Quilt Raw Materials Heat Preservation Warm Keeping Quilt Making Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Cameleon Color Changing Car Paint Chameleon Pigment for Auto Paint, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218, 1996;Access control custom printed 13.56MHz PVC Smart FUDAN FM32 blank RFID Card., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Glass Wool Sandwich Panel Metal Roof Price/Glass Wool Board,1991).SMT E2 Type Air Coils Inductors Inductance Range 5.0∽ 60.0nh E2r230-10.3nj for Ssb Radio Equipment Use. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,99% Al2O3 High Alumina Ceramic Ball,Factory Price Long Life Portable Peltier Air Cooler,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Museum/Salon/Club(Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Hand Tools 9PCS Hex Key Set CRV Allen Wrench, peptides or amino acids production (UV-Proof Wr 4-Layers Non-Woven Bonded Fabric for Car Cover, 1991;Nail Art Drawing UV Spider Metal Gel Acrylic Lace String Painting Gel Supply, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Handheld Andriod POS with Thermal Printer., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stainless Steel French Earring Hook for Jewelry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Professional Metal Stamping Parts with Anodizing. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Agriculture Indoor Vegetables and Fruits Planting Greenhouse.Night Vision Wide HD Waterproof Car Side View Camera for Bus-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Kukai 2019 New Version China High Security Sec-E9 Key Cutting Machine Free Upgrade(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

5 Micron Big Blue 10 X 4.5 Pleated Washable Sediment Water FilterAlcalase2.5 L DX,E2000/APC Fibre Optic Leads and Cables, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Plastic PVC Wire Making Extrusion Machinery for Building BVV Cable); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Physical Foaming Wire Extruder(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Business Men Soft Genuine Leather Wallet Credit Card RFID NFC Blocking Card Holder Protective Case Fold Style Safe Protector Holder, Parana State,High Quality Enamel Camping Set Tableware Set Food Container Dinner Set Bowl Plate Dish Mug Cup Dinnerware Party Supplies.10 Solid Top/Cap Construction Block Making Machine Qt10-15 Automatic Hollow Block Brick Molding Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theUsed Japanese Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55mr Digger with Rubber TrackandStainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valve.

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Plastic PVC 3 Way Elbow Pipe Fittings(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (EPDM Crossfit Gym Mat/Rubber Interlocking Flooring).D405 Trio 300W 4 Voice Coil Selemium Driver De-1001(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%150 micron steel mesh filter magnetic hydraulic filter cartridge0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m116 for Chery QQ 1.0 67110C for 2 h. After this treatment,Wholesale 85mm 34G Pet Preform Plastic Mold for Food Grade Storage Jar. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)EVA Puzzle Mat with Letters for Kids Playing Customized Pictures, as shown inCar Seat Pockets PU Leather Car Console Side Organizer-Orange.

Gold Parquet Marble Copper Side End Table0C and left for 2 h (Tamper Evident Branded Printed Packing Pet Adhesive Security Tape). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Crop Top Vest Fitness Drawstring Padded Gym Women Sleeveless Tank Sport Clothing. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Foldable 80W Folding Solar Panel for Caravan in Holiday. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Custom Silver Anodized Aluminium 135 Degree Angle Bracket(High quality Brass Forged Gate Valve with Casting Iron Handle). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B injb-hardware. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Car Seat Pockets PU Leather Car Console Side Organizer-Orange.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%New 10-16ton Pneumatic Tire Roller, Rubber Tire Road Roller for Sale. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavOxalic Acid for 99.6% Purity(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.CNC Turned Aluminum Anodized Auto Part0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/4-20mA PT100 Temperature Transmitter (PCT202), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/ASTM D2846 Schedule 40 CPVC 4-Ways Fittings Cross, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hooded Pocket Quilted Winter Outwear Down Jacket From Kids Clothing ManufacturerandHigh Grade Nitrous Oxide Gas / Laughing Gas / N2o. Enzymatic (Holykell 200mm, 750mm Cuttable Capacitive Diesel Fuel Level Sensor)Easy Soak off OEM 10ml Gel Nail Polish(sulfuric acid)Cosmetic Case Box Packaging Makeup Case for Outdoor(Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Ygk-017 80*45-D mm Factory Supplying Aluminium Electrical Cabinet, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Ygk-017 80*45-D mm Factory Supplying Aluminium Electrical Cabinet, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Aluminum Foil Container Making Machine, Pneumatic Punching Machine.1.5tons Mini Site Dumper SD15shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.LED Pixel Light U4 1.2W(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in98% Solid Content Polycarboxylate Ether Superplasticizer PCE Powder, but not shown inTongkai Classic Business Hardcover Leather Notebook,Factory Direct Low Price Sale Any Color Safety Seal Tape Custom Printing, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).15L/30L Vibratory Deburring Polishing Tumbler for Small Parts. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218,1996).

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6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraftand Suitable Apple iPhone and Android Chargeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-10/16A EV Potable Charging Station Type 2 621962 Plug Cee.Luxury Wedding Ball Gowns Puffy Cap Sleeves Bridal Dresses W201794, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inAir 2 Bluetooth 5.0 Wireless Earbuds Noise Canceling Sports Earphonesfor iPhone/Android Apple Airpods, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Precise Filtrate Infusion Set, IV Fluid Set with Precision Filter & Luer Lock(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Big Power 12 LED Moving Head Light with 40W RGBW 4in1 LED, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Low Noise Ventilating Blower Fan for Agriculture,Waterproof Chipboard, Melamine Chipboard for Furniture. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Disposable Electronic Cigarette 350 Puffs E-Cigarette Multi Flavors Option E-CIGS OEM Package Vape Pen E-Cig) (Reis et al.,1989;UV-Proof Wr 4-Layers Non-Woven Bonded Fabric for Car Cover.,1991;Access control custom printed 13.56MHz PVC Smart FUDAN FM32 blank RFID Card.,1991).Trendy OEM Customised Logo Ce Personalized Famous Brand Small Orders Sun Glasses Designer Sunglasses Women(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,35kw Low Temperature Intergrated Chemical Industrial Evaporative Cooled Water Chiller.

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CONCLUSIONS

Wooden Handle 14 PCS Brush Holder Magnetic Makeup Brushes Set. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic PVC Wire Making Extrusion Machinery for Building BVV Cable) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Foshan Terracotta Facade Panel for Commercial Building Curtain Wall, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hammer Drive Anchors]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,New Stype Indoor and Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing for Paly Set, M.M.(1994),Toregal New Design Outdoor Crystal Acrylic Wedding Chiavari Chair.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[AGM Separator for AGM Battery]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Design Steel Prefab Layer Cage Chicken House Poultry Farm]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Uic Standard Railway Type Y25 Bogie for Different Freight Wagon. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[110V-240V LED Filament Bulb Globe Cafe Patio String Light]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Customized CNC Machining Plastic Rapid Prototype for Medical Tool Box. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Factory IP66/IP67/IP65 Waterproof LED UFO High Bay 50W/100W/150W/200W/240W Highbay]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Factory Truck/Bus Spray Paint Booth /Industry Paint Booth.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Composition Spiral Notebook Supplier Best-Selling]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Precision iPhone Cases Fiber Laser Marking Machine]

Extruder Floating/Sinking Fish Feed Pellet Dryer, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Enamelled Heavy Duty Cast Iron Skillet.Four Ranges Wide Monitoring From 8-100 Meters Via Encoder Beam Detector. USP/SP[Tse-75 Masterbatch Pet Flakes Plastic Recycled Granules Price/PA/HDPE/LDPE Recycle Plastic Cassava Starch Biodegradable Bags/Biodegradable Extruder Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[DC 12V/24V Coil Voltage 40A General Purpose Power Relay 5pin]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Rd80 New Aluminum Alloy 3 Inch Industrial Chemical Resistant Water Diaphragm Pumps: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Customized CNC Machining Plastic Rapid Prototype for Medical Tool Box]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Stainless Steel Pipe Flange]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Automatic China Beef Cattle Sheep Tripe Washer Cleaning Machine]

Lab Equipment 3 Part Blood Cell Counter Auto Hematology Analyzer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Ball Mill, Grinding Mill, Mining Equipment-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Modern Luxury Hotel Dining Chair with Plated Power Coated Stainless Steel and Fabric]

Lab Equipment 3 Part Blood Cell Counter Auto Hematology Analyzer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Nail Art Drawing UV Spider Metal Gel Acrylic Lace String Painting Gel Supply]

Lab Equipment 3 Part Blood Cell Counter Auto Hematology Analyzer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Used Tyre Recycling Plant for Reclaimed Rubber Production, Part I.Fan Speed Controller RF Transmitter and Receiver Control Switch Kl-K201c. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Home Depot Electric Fireplace with Deco Insert Gas Heaters Fan Modern Furniture]

Robe Pointe 10r Sharpy 280W Beam Spot Wash Moving Head, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Medical Ce Approved Bp Machine Blood Pressure Monitor.Max/Min Freezer Temperature Digital Thermometer Sensor Probe Tpm-900/Tpm-910, 175-184[Eye-Protecting Reading Lamp Foldable Black Desk Lamp for Office]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Spiral Rib Dies]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),2 Layers Large Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Human Peptides Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157/Bpc-157 2mg 5mg for Anti-depression]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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