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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.New Product 90GSM Sublimation Paper for Economic Printing, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (1.1kw Roof Mounted Variable Speed Water Evaporative Air Cooler for Bolivia Cooling System, 1996;Color Coated Prepainted PPGI PPGL Steel Sheet., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate,1991).Clear Customized PVC Cosmetic Package Bag. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Free Sample Custom Metal Brass Gold Plated Commemorative Souvenir Tungsten Gold Replica Coins,Factory Professional Design Wing Shape Engraved Car Label Emblem,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,38X72X37mm Dac38720037 Wheel Hub  Bearing  for Motor Vehicle(1.1kw Roof Mounted Variable Speed Water Evaporative Air Cooler for Bolivia Cooling System, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Supplier Dual Voltage Steam Curling Tongs (A129), peptides or amino acids production (High Quality Light Steel Keel Ceiling Fitting Furring Channel Clip Roll Forming Machine, 1991;ASME Butt Weld Seamless Carbon Steel Fittings, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Two Wheel Foldable Electric Kick Scooter.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Diamond Cutting Blades for Asphalt, Granite, Marble. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (1.1kw Roof Mounted Variable Speed Water Evaporative Air Cooler for Bolivia Cooling System, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Best Selling Road Reflective Rectangle Guardrail Delineator Reflector.3-110W Loudspeaker Compression Driver, Neodymium Magnet Tweeter, Gt-7506na-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:PE Pipe in SDR 11 Pressing Rate for Fire-Control(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine⁰C and left for 2 h (Fr4 Copper Clad Laminate PCB Manufacture Company). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Neoprene Protective Elbow Protector Brace Elbow Support (NS0012). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Big Smart Plant Hydroponic Planter with Indoor Garden Light. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Weight 1.5 to 2.0mm Thickness in 100 to 200cm Width Felt Fabric(Clear Plastic Roofing Sheet Roof Tile Price Plastic Shingle Roof). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBall End Mill Cutter. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avIndustrial Low Temperature Water Cooled Scroll Water Chiller(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.EV Charger for 120KW DC Fast Electric Car Charging Station⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Velvet Jewelry Box Gift Box with Bowknots for Packing, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Common Style Plastic Wide Tooth Hotel Comb PE Brush Washing Brush, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Custom 2 Ring Binder PP Lever Arch Clip File Folder. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Kraft Paper Laminated Aluminum Foil) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Quantum Science Lava Stone Pendant Necklaces Scalar Energy Pendant, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ww-3517]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,TUV Approved Y Splitter 2 Way Solar Mc4 Y Branch Connector, M.M.(1994),CNC Laser Customized Telescopic Steel Cover.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[100% Wool Felt Wide Brim Fedora Trilby Hat]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Fashion TPU Mobile Cover Case for Huawei]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Precision Mini Laser Cutting System. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Good Price Molded Customized Cr TPR EPDM OEM Rubber Bellows Dust Cover]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Round Manufactory Non-Stick Silicone Stainless Dog Feeder]

Aluminum Sheet Metal Parts Custom Fabrication, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),One to One Order Following Strong Real Gold Thread.New Design Paper Pyramid Memo Cube with Ribbon for Promotion. USP/SP[Super Soft 100% Viscose From Bamboo Bedding Set]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High End Folding Customized Golden Chocolate Paper Box]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Plastic Medallion, Plastic Ceiling Rose: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[New 14 Inch Diamond Saw Blade for Granite Cutting]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[sincere-paper]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[2019 Top Quality USB-C Docking Station with SD Card Reader Dp VAG HDMI]

PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Lace Control Hiphugger Braless Latex Body Shaper L81187-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[China Electric PCB Circuit Board with High Quality]

PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Hamsa Design Necklaces Turkish 925 Sterling Silver Hamsa Pendant Jewelry]

PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts, Part I.Galvanized Diamond Wire Mesh/PVC Coated Chain Link Fence. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Bitumen Waterproof Membrane Minerla Surface Waterproof Material]

Good Price Servo Motor Running OPP Film Bag Sealing Big Cushion Packing Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile.Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube, 175-184[Led Gloves Dance]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Rosen off Grid Solar System Inverter Solar Power System 5kw 10kw 20kw Home Solar Energy Power System. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Non Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Xtsky Automotive Wheel Hub Bearing (DAC37720037)Author for correspondence