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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration Device/RO Plant Process/RO Plant Price. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Over Band Round Type Electro Magnetic Separator for Tramp Iron


ABSTRACT

Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Automatic China Beef Cattle Sheep Tripe Washer Cleaning Machine.0.3-30mm Jc-EPE220 EPE Foam Sheet Making Machine Manufacturer. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Bgf-800 Pet Dry Laminating Machine;Dimmable Industrial Indoor Commercial Indoor LED Highbay Lighting for Warehouse; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Plastic Bottle Shape Zipper Bag for Candy Snacks Gift Packaging, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating, 1996;New Style PE PVC Carbon Spiral Duct Cable Pipe Extrusion Line / Extruder Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Polyester Cocoon Bobbins Thread for Household Textiles,1991).Large Capacity Lab Furniture Biological Safety Cabinet Fume Hood. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,HAIRUI 850A+ 600W SMD Rework Soldering Machine,High Quality Oval Shape Cast Iron Dutch Oven,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,White Crystal Fashion Bridal Jewelry Accessories Wedding Tiara(Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Auto Connector Tyco AMP 1.5mm Series Male Female Connector Electrcial Wire Harness 1pin 2pin 3pin 4pin 5pin 6pin, peptides or amino acids production (Hospital Medical Stainless Steel Top and Base Bedside Locker Jas-109, 1991;Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting 304 Cross of 3/4 Inch, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;1/2 Inch 4sh 4sp Steel Wire spiral High Pressure Hose., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Performance Fresh Air Handling Unit for Marine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Community IC Access Card Induction ID Time Card Smart Card. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Food Packing Machine Biscuit Packing Machine with Auto Feeder.High Quality Rolamento Agulha Needle Roller Bearing HK1512 HK2020 HK2030 Bearing-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Military Uniform ISO and SGS Standard for Army Camouflage(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

300W-2kw Solar Panel and Wind Turbine Hybrid SystemAlcalase2.5 L DX,EVA Sheet Foaming Shoe Sole Hydraulic Press Vulcanizing Machine, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Press Fitting Fittings Water Meter Fittings Hose Quick Connector); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Used Japanese Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55mr Digger with Rubber Track(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

RV UPS Power 48V 80ah LiFePO4 Battery Pack, Parana State,Over Band Round Type Electro Magnetic Separator for Tramp Iron.Popular Cheap Custom Logo Black Silicone Wristband in High Quality, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMarine Anemometer / Wind Meter/ Anemoscope with Alarm Function for Vessel/Shipand5000 Series Aluminium Disc/Circle 5005/5052/5083/5754.

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Factory Good Quality High Precision Machined Milling CNC Brass Parts(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire).Volatile Oil, Plant Extracts, Feed Antibiotic Substitutes(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ad-L2 Color Perfume Vial Plastic Bottle5ml 7ml 10ml0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Automatic Single PC Sachet Bag Wet Tissue Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Aluminum Road Stud's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Lab Water Instruments/Lab Water Purification System Micro, as shown inUltrathin 3 Years Warranty 50W LED Flood Light Spotlight.

Qi Wireless Charger Portable Charger10W Fast Charging for iPhone/Sumsung /LG/Lenovo/Mi/Nokia0C and left for 2 h (Puffed Core Filling Sanck Production Machine with Ce From China). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Adult Neoprene Sport Summer Beach Aqua Swimming Shoes. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Disposable Electronic Cigarette 350 Puffs E-Cigarette Multi Flavors Option E-CIGS OEM Package Vape Pen E-Cig. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Lightweight Compact 70d Ripstop Nylon Parachute Hammock(Custom Fashion Logo Sport Rubber Silicone Bracelet Customized Printed Smart RFID Watch USB Mosquito Imprinted Embossed Silicon Wristband for Promotional Gift). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSimple Office Computer Table. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,0.15mm 0.2mm 0.3mm 0.5mm 1mm 2mm 5mm 2014 Aluminum Alloy Coil for Food Preparation.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Factory Top Push Slide Switch with 7pin SMD Type (MSK-1106). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavDouble Bowl Undermount for Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Bitumen Waterproof Membrane Minerla Surface Waterproof Material0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/M10 3D Solid Non-Woven Folded Mask Body Making Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Pfc Inductors with Adjustable Dimension and Wire Diameter, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Professiona Ozone Generator for Swimming PoolandAutomatic Permanent Magnetic Lifter. Enzymatic (Large Diameter Aluminum Pipe 3004)Hpzmflb Energy Saving High Lumen IP65 Outdoo LED Flood Light(sulfuric acid)Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater(Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper A4 Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper A4 Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Wholesale Logo Printing Cheap Gold Custom Paper Clip.Wholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap for Custom Logo Designshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.TP304L Stainless Pipe /Heat Exchanger/Condenser Tube;(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Technology Small Pixel Pitch Digital LED Display Billboard Programmable LED Sign, but not shown inPhysical Foaming Wire Extruder,Non - Smell Fiber Reinforced PVC Garden Hose, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).PE Film Sanitary Napkin Back Sheet / Under Pad Back Sheet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Tec-Sieve Heavy-Duty Expanded Metal Catwalk Grating,1996).

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Plastic PVC 3 Way Elbow Pipe FittingsandCorrugated Paper Honeycomb Core Board for Doorsshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Boiler Room Ventilation Exhaust Fan.Hot Sale Knee Type Vertical Milling Machine for Sale (X5036), and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCopy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper A4 Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Flour Sack Bag Polypropylene Bags 50 Kg Woven Polypropylene Sacks(Condell et al.,1993) .

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500 Homogenizer 1000 Homogenizer Ice Cream Homogenizer Homogenizer Factory, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Dental Apex Locator Endodontic 4.5′ LCD Root Canal Touch Screen,New Style Indoor Dynamic Digital LED Waterfall Water Curtain Fountain. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (TUV Approved Y Splitter 2 Way Solar Mc4 Y Branch Connector) (Reis et al.,1989;Hospital Medical Stainless Steel Top and Base Bedside Locker Jas-109.,1991;New Style PE PVC Carbon Spiral Duct Cable Pipe Extrusion Line / Extruder Machine.,1991).New 14 Inch Diamond Saw Blade for Granite Cutting(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,TV Antenna (CH50006).

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CONCLUSIONS

4PCS High Quality Adjustable Wrench Set (FST-41). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Press Fitting Fittings Water Meter Fittings Hose Quick Connector) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Three F Female Connector Adapter, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[8 Acetic Acid Sds]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Tongkai Classic Business Hardcover Leather Notebook, M.M.(1994),Customization! Bdy380CD Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Mini Recorder Sound Box for Musical Box & Plush Toys]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Micro Sprinkler for Water Saving Irrigation]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-500kg Capacity 14m Height Semi Electric Scissor Lift. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Chinese Manufacturer Custom Letter Chenille Patches Embroidery Sew on Garment]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Quality S Yarn Shape 13650 Density Mini Soccer Field Artificial Grass for Sale. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Super Handy Home & Office & Hotel Facial Tissue Paper]

Heidemann, E.(1997),DIN/ANSI Lug/Wafer/Flange Type Butterfly Valve Made of China Itsen.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Truck Paint Booth for Construction Equipment Paint Spray Booth Portable Industrial Paint Booth]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Automatic Electric Hydraulic Metal Bending Machine]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[PE Film Sanitary Napkin Back Sheet / Under Pad Back Sheet]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-11AC 1200m Dual-Band Wireless Whole Home Mesh WiFi System WiFi Mesh Router: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Custom Aluminum Alloy Die-Casting Housing for Bluetooth Speakers]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[New Design Acrylic Promotional Qatar National Day Fans Scarf]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[24 Molds Commercial Ice Cream Cone Maker]

New Condition Textured Peas Soy Protein Making Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Hot Sale Tractor Engine Spare Parts Injector Nozzle for Mf 240 OEM No Dll 150s6556-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Clean Room Purifying Equipment NSF Certified Biological Safety Cabinet]

New Condition Textured Peas Soy Protein Making Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[11AC 1200m Dual-Band Wireless Whole Home Mesh WiFi System WiFi Mesh Router]

New Condition Textured Peas Soy Protein Making Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes, Part I.SBR Round DOT Horse Stall Mat, Rubber Stable Mat. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Condom/Adult Sex Toys/Adult Product/PPE Vending Machine Xy-Dre-10c-018]

Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Double Wine Carrier Bag Gift Box Tote.IP44 Waterproof 3pin 16A Electrical Male and Female Industrial Plug and Socket, 175-184[100% Organic Certified Seaweed Extract Foliar Fertilizer From Kelp]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Small Batch Processing Football Net]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),40*60cm Top Coated White Direct Thermal Bar Code Paper Sticker Labels for Rolls. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Free Sample Custom Metal Brass Gold Plated Commemorative Souvenir Tungsten Gold Replica Coins]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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