ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

CNC Engraving Machine Laser Marking for Assembly Line. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1).Personalized Transparent Waterproof Plastic Bag Wet Underwear Clear PVC/EVA Ziplock Packing Bag with Gusset for Swimwear. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;High Quality A3 High Speed Epson Head UV Printing Machine for Bottle Printing;12V/24V, Ts16949, Air Conditioner Fan for Difference Refrigeration Truck; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.nellcor non-oximax 7pin infant disposable sensor, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter, 1996;Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Customized OEM Oil Filter/Air Filter Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Engine Parts/ Car Parts,1991).Zoo-Tunes Portable Wireless Mini Character Speakers. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,CF8m Air Actuated Valve Dn15,Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Premium Baby Toddler Food Feeding Silicone Bowl with Lid(Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing, peptides or amino acids production (Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat, 1991;Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Professional Silicone Rubber Gasket for Doors Windows.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Top Quality 99.95% Molybdenum Square Plates. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰HDPE Skew 45 Degree Drainage Pipe Fitting Sewage Tee.Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Aluminium Glass Dropper for Glass Dropper Bottle(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

L133pbd Common Rail Delphi Nozzle for Ford MondeoAlcalase2.5 L DX,Pet PVC Shrink Label for Bottled Beverage Bottle Can Packing, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Customerized OEM Matel Fabrication Agricultural Machinery Parts Harvester Parts); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Automatic PS Foam Lunch Box Fast Food Container Tray Vacuum Forming Machine(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

One Compartment Commercial Sink Without Drainboard, Parana State,2-25mm Co-Extruded Highlight PVC Foam Board.Ge Holter Cable Snap Type Holter ECG Cable, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theChina Natural White Limestone Polished Marble Granite Mosaic Stone Floor Bathroom Wall TilesandRetail Supermarket Display Refrigerator Supermarket Beverage Showcase.

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Medical Garbage Treatment with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Hospital Rubbish Sterilizer 5(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Agriculture Indoor Vegetables and Fruits Planting Greenhouse).PVD Vacuum Metal Coating Machine for Stainless Steel, Ceramic, Glass(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%65 Polyester 35 Cotton Fabric Camouflage Printed Fabric⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Food Bag Core Rolling Bag Grocery Plastic Bag LDPE Bag Cheap Rolling Bag Cold Cutting Vegetable Bag Flat Bag Fruit Bag Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Wholesale Colorful New Style Various Aluminum 24/410 415 Lotion Pump. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)OEM Grey/Dutile Iron Qt500-7 Square/Round Manhole Covers of Cast Iron Manhole Covers's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Rolling Shutter Door Hardwares, Link Pipe, Link Clip, as shown in10m City Bus Volvo Chassis Air Suspension System Maintain Spare Parts Stabilizer Bar Torque Arm Spare Parts.

200L 220L Plastic Drum Chemical Barrel Blow Molding Moulding Machine⁰C and left for 2 h (Flat Face Stainless Steel Female Jic Quick Release Coupling). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.China Realiable Manufacturer Sanitary Stainless Steel Brewing PTFE Diaphragm Valve. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,FUJI Small Home Lift for Sale. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Sale Effective Scc628 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid From China Supplier(52cc Gasoline Paddy Cutter Two Handle). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in200L Evacuated 20 Tubes Stainless Steel Solar Hot Water Heater. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Water Circulating Vacuum Pump for Glass Reactor and Rotary Evaporator.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Ce Jacket Heated Water Chocolate Holding Tank Manufacturer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avLanyards Ribbons Screen Printing Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Good Price Pet Pharmacy Bottle Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Recycle Finger Joint Core Film Faced Shuttering Plywood, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Excavator Diesel Engine Spare Parts Yanmar 4tnv98 Main Bearing+0.5, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

High Brightness 100lm/W 45W CREE COB LED Track LightandBeer Made in China OEM Abv 8.0%Vol Lager Beer. Enzymatic (Cat Cardboard House Pet Product Accessories)EPDM Crossfit Gym Mat/Rubber Interlocking Flooring(sulfuric acid)Aoer 1/3HP, 1725 Rpm, 115V AC Single Phase Electric Motor Washing Machine Motor(Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine for Drying Wood, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine for Drying Wood, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Hot Sale Classic Golden Painted Rectangular Mirrored Dining Table.5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambersshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.52cc Gasoline Paddy Cutter Two Handle(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Design Slotted Board MDF for Wall Panel, but not shown inCommercial Ice Making Machine/Industrial Ice Cube Making Machine China Manufacturer,Horizontal Heavy Duty High Pressure Multistage Centrifugal Water Pump, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Durable Fully Automatic Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Wire Mesh Steel Metal Baby Chicks Breeding Cage. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter,1996).

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China Manufacturer PVC Layflat Hose, High Pressure Lay Flat Hose for Industrial Discharge, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.400-600 Grit 201 304 Grade Polished Stainless Steel Pipe,Meanwell LRS-35-24 35W 24V 1.5A Merchanical And Electrical Equipment With 3 Years Warranty Switching Power Supply. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Quality Injection Plastic Water Cup Mould Manufacturer Taizhou) (Reis et al.,1989;Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat.,1991;Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve.,1991).Wholesale 10kg 25kg Raschel Sacks for Packaging Vegetables(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,5 Axis CNC Machining Part Clear Anodize High Precision 3D Horizontal Scanner Extension Adjusting Nut.

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CONCLUSIONS

Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Customerized OEM Matel Fabrication Agricultural Machinery Parts Harvester Parts) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Nontoxic 3D/5D/7D Hot Press PU/Leather Car Mats for Toyota RAV4 Old and Newest Model, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cast Iron Trench Grating]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Car Interior Accessories Customized Car Seat Cover, M.M.(1994),Custom PVC Plastic Card Printed School/Student/Office/Staff/PVC/ID/Name/Business Cards with Your Design.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Eco-Friendly Vegetable Oil Cast Iron Multi Frying Pan]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Stype Indoor and Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing for Paly Set]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-10 X 10 Canopy Pop up Tent Outdoor Gazebo Tent for Exhibition. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[OEM Reclosable Zipper Bags Plastic Packaging Custom Logo Underwear Zip Lock Pouch]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Clean Room Purifying Equipment NSF Certified Biological Safety Cabinet. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Viscose Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous by Sateri]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Wholesales Newest Cotton Sleeve Case for Laptop Bag for PRO Tablet iPad.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Made in China 3 Ton Electric Forklift with Side Shifter]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Waterproof Fireproof Spc Click Floor PVC Vinyl Floor Tile 4mm 5mm 6mmm]

Eco-Friendly Round Head Screw Stud Flange Hexagon Bolt for Building, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),OEM/ODM Raw Material MDF HDF Laminate Door.7628 Fiberglass Cloth/Fabric. USP/SP[Electronic Muscle Stimulator EMS Machine for Slimming]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Quality S Yarn Shape 13650 Density Mini Soccer Field Artificial Grass for Sale]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainles Steel Cartridge Filter: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ 15mm]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.whoistide.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Clutch Brake Booster for Yutong Zk6127h Bus]

750ml Long Neck Dark Green Color Glass Bottle for Wine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Floral Kids PVC School Raincoat-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine SHD28]

750ml Long Neck Dark Green Color Glass Bottle for Wine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[65 Polyester 35 Cotton Fabric Camouflage Printed Fabric]

750ml Long Neck Dark Green Color Glass Bottle for Wine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:MB-Z700 10-12t/H Hot Sale Wood Log Debarking Machine, Part I.Fs2121 Locking Latch Flush Stainless Steel and Flush Paddle Latch with Truck Toolbox Lock. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[0.3-30mm Jc-EPE220 EPE Foam Sheet Making Machine Manufacturer]

Microsynthetic Fiber Virgin Homopolymer Polypropylene Monofilament Fibermesh, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),78mm Aluminum Gold Color Plastic Jar Screw Cap.Best Price 100kVA/150kVA Cummins Power Generator Diesel Engines, 175-184[Gang Saw For Marble]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Al/Pet/Al Double Sides for Aluminium Flexible Air Duct]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),1008 Spindles Auto Doffer Machine for Spinning Ring Frame Polyester Yarn Winding Spinning Machine Cotton Wool Thread Ring-Spun Yarns Making Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[WPC Wall Cladding Waterproof Exterior Wall Panels]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain ScreenAuthor for correspondence