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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Baby Early Learning Cards Custom Printed Happy Birthday Greeting Card and Memory Card Game with Custom Logo Package Box;Optical Fiber Connector Cleaning Cassette Reel Cleaner, Non-Alcoholic Specialty Fibers 500+ Cleans; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Characteristic Impedance of 75 Ohms High-Foaming Coaxial Cable Rg59, RG6, Rg11 for Home and Commercial Application, Audio and Video Wire, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home, 1996;100% Polyester Luxury Bedding Comforter Fleece Blanket Throw., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm),1991).Multi-Function Knife CREE XPE 5mode Rechargeable LED Flashlight. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Jungle Camo Army Uniform Hunting Softshell Waterproof Military Jacket,Full Automatic Milk/ Chemistry/Shampoo Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Speed Mixer for Plastic Extrusion Line(Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Trailer Wire Harness with 7 Pole Trailer Plug & Fuse Holder for Trailer Wiring Harness Assembly for Challonger, peptides or amino acids production (10mm Gold Plated Stainless Steel Balls G100 Polish Ball, 1991;Cold Rolled Bearing Ball Screw Sfu4005 for CNC Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Bag Accessories 10mm Metal Dog Swivel Snap Hook, Wholesale Antique Brass Trigger Snap Hook for Bags., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.304 Seamless Stainless Steel Tube.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valve. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Hanger Rail Shot Blast Cleaning Equipment/Suspended Shot Blasting Machine.Dongfeng 4X2 10000L Water Spinkling Tank Transport Truck-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Natural Clean Non- Ornamentate Decoration Material Wallpaper(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

98% Solid Content Polycarboxylate Ether Superplasticizer PCE PowderAlcalase2.5 L DX,Super Soft 100% Viscose From Bamboo Bedding Set, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Theme Jungle Plastic Stainless Steel Slide Outdoor Playground); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Deep-V Titanium Tent Stake Anchor Peg with Soil Lock with Reflective Pull Cord for Camping and Backpacking(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Updated Stylish Peristaltic Biogas Pump Gas Booster Pump, Parana State,Good Quality CZ Purlin One Machine Roll Forming Machine.110V-240V LED Filament Bulb Globe Cafe Patio String Light, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMu Optical Fiber Connectors for Cable AssemblyandMirror 3003 H12 Aluminium Chequered Sheet for Baking Sheet in Hungary.

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Professional Sound System Vt215 Line Array Speaker(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Steel Rubber Seal for Dust Proof).Factory Price Cellulose Ether HPMC, HEC, Hpc, CMC(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%LED Alloy Aluminum Extrusion Profiles Advertising Accessories for Lighting⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Duct Evaporative Air Cooler for Warehouse Factory⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Micro Sprinkler for Water Saving Irrigation. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Steel Bar Rebar Rib Peeling Parallel Thread Rolling Machine Cheap Price's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High End L Shape Modular Sectional Sofa Patio Furniture Set Garden, as shown inAutomotive ECU Wire Harness 24 Pin Grey Connector.

ABS Shell Plastic Injection Molding⁰C and left for 2 h (Stainless Steel Sanitary SS304/SS316 2 Way Tri Clamp Ball Valve). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Superior Rubber Lining Curing Press/Rubber Lining Plate Vulcanizing Press. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,450mm High Quality Circular Diamond Cutting Saw Blade for Marble Stone. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Manual Glass Lifting Machine for Making Double Glass(Durable Inline Hockey Skate Puck). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSun-420PP Automatic Pouch Coconut Milk Packaging Machine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Aluminium Profile Heavy Duty Bending Machine Aluminum Window Door Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Towed Bitumen Mixer Slj5. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Adsorption Capacity and Porosity Chloride Adsorbent Activated Alumina Price(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.IMTEK High Carbon Chrome-Plated Gcr15 TBR20 Linear Shaft for CNC⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/T5577 Thick Card T5577 Security Smart Chip RFID ABS Plastic Blank Thick Card, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Super Absorbent Lint Free Clean PCB Double Foam Tip Swab Stick, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Aroma Reed Diffuser with Ratten Sticks for Home Fragrance.Automatic Economical Check Weigher with High Speedshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality Fashion Ladies Backpack PU Leather Backpack(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in75 Cubic Meters Precast Concrete Batching Plant for Construction Building, but not shown inIndustrial Air Cooled Screw Water Chiller 5HP for Thermoforming Machine,Suction Filter Cylinder Match 48 Series Filter Brands, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).I10 Tws Mini Bluetooth 5.0 Earphone Twins Wireless Headphones Air Pods in Ear Earbuds Sport Headset Stereo for Apple iPhone Samsung Xiaomi. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

PP/PE Plastic Lawn Turf Gravel Grass Grid for Driveway Paver (PGG5050A-1). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Theme Jungle Plastic Stainless Steel Slide Outdoor Playground) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Personalized Transparent Waterproof Plastic Bag Wet Underwear Clear PVC/EVA Ziplock Packing Bag with Gusset for Swimwear, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Waste to Organic Fertilizer Fermentation Compost Equipment Animal Poultry Manure Processing Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality A3 High Speed Epson Head UV Printing Machine for Bottle Printing, M.M.(1994),12V/24V, Ts16949, Air Conditioner Fan for Difference Refrigeration Truck.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Steel Structure Construction Building Metal House]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New 60W LED Beam Zoom Moving Head with Prism]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-nellcor non-oximax 7pin infant disposable sensor. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Medical Supplier Non Woven 3ply Earloop Disposable Face Mask]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Power Solar Inverter with Full Power 3000W Converter. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Lab Water Instruments/Lab Water Purification System Micro]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve.Leder 48,(5),99-104[24 Pin Female Fci Connector Suppliers for Sale]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Proper Price Good Quality 10ml 20ml Airless Pump Bottle]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-CF8m Air Actuated Valve Dn15: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Halogen Operating Lamp Medical Light Surgical Lamp (L734 Mobile type)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Factory Direct Produced Not Easy to Cause Deformation Optical Frame Sunglasses 8]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Dimmable Industrial Indoor Commercial Indoor LED Highbay Lighting for Warehouse]

Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Premium Baby Toddler Food Feeding Silicone Bowl with Lid-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[LED Cabinet Light Wardrobe Furniture Sink Drawer Lighting Work Lamp]

Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Winter Design Acrylic Beanie /Bobble Jacquard Hat with Flowers /Machine for Knitted Winter Cap with Embroidery Circular Hat Knitting Machine]

Rectangular Design Ceramic Small Glass Basin Sink for Bathroom, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hardcover Bear′s Story Children Book Custom Printing, Part I.Deluxe Saddle Doctor Chair Dental Stool with Adjustable Seat. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Herrenknecht HK Tbm Cutting Disc Tunnel Boring Machine Spare Parts]

Medium High Carbon Black Round Bicycle Wheel Spoke Tension Steel Wire, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Liquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete.Professional Silicone Rubber Gasket for Doors Windows, 175-184[Hot Sell Garment Plastic Tag with String]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Light Weight Ohsas 18001 Certified Metal Arch Buildings]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Top Quality 99.95% Molybdenum Square Plates. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Performance Alcohol Pad Making Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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