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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Shoelace-Free Climbing Shoes with Wire Button;Kraft Paper Laminated Aluminum Foil; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.China Factory 400kg Drum Lifter, Drum Rotator, Drum Carrier Lm800, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600, 1996;Stainless Steel Watch., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Stainless Steel Aluminum Plastic POM Acrylic CNC Lathe Turning Machine Mechanical Metal Parts,1991).150kw Plastic Bottle Recycling Equipment, Plastic Pet Canister Recycling Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Speed Dispersion Machine for Paint High Speed Disperser Disperser Machine,CAS: 73-22-3 Betain Hydrochloric Feed Grade for Feed Animal,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Women Luxury Handbags Leather Shoulder Bag(Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,P10 3X4m RGB LED Video Curtain for DJ Stage Backdrop, peptides or amino acids production (Microfiber Beach Towel Fast Dry Towel, Outdoor Towel, Travel Towel, Swim Towel, Yoga Towel, 1991;Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Neoprene Protective Elbow Protector Brace Elbow Support (NS0012)., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Big Smart Plant Hydroponic Planter with Indoor Garden Light.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Weight 1.5 to 2.0mm Thickness in 100 to 200cm Width Felt Fabric. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll.Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Industrial Low Temperature Water Cooled Scroll Water Chiller(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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4-20mA Current Sensor with Current Meter(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Kids Sneakers School Shoes for Girls with Design Wholesale High-Quality Custom Dropshipping Running Shoes).Tc Made Boy′s Short Pants(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Light Weight Ohsas 18001 Certified Metal Arch Buildings⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%New 60W LED Beam Zoom Moving Head with Prism⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,CNC Maching Parts for Autos. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Pressure Pump for Waterjet Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality LED Wall Mirror with Ce, UL, cUL Certificate, as shown inSteel Handle Rake Flat Rake Garden Rake Agricultural Rake.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Wholecut Oxford Plain Toe Black Antique Men Shoes. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avNew Technology Carbon Cleaning Tools Auto Accessories(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom 2 Ring Binder PP Lever Arch Clip File Folder⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Quantum Science Lava Stone Pendant Necklaces Scalar Energy Pendant, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/TUV Approved Y Splitter 2 Way Solar Mc4 Y Branch Connector, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Mini Combine, Mini Harvester, Small Harvester Model 4L-1.0. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Custom Velvet Jewelry Box Gift Box with Bowknots for Packing) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Custom Size Rare Earth Permanent Speaker Ring Ferrite Magnet, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[China Quality Heavy Duty Globe Control Valve]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,3phase DC to AC Variable Frequency Drive Water Solar PV Inverter, M.M.(1994),Quality Printed Cigarette Tipping Paper.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[LED Pixel Light U4 1.2W]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ASME Butt Weld Seamless Carbon Steel Fittings]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-White Latex Paper Yellow/White Stearate Coated Abrasive Paper. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Manual Electric Winch Small Winch 220V Winch]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Manufacturer Automotive CNC Machined Parts Checking Fixture Components. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Clear Customized PVC Cosmetic Package Bag]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Hot! ! ! Plastic Wire Mesh/Plastic Flat Mesh/Plastic Plain Netting.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Bathroom Hardware]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wholesale Colorful New Style Various Aluminum 24/410 415 Lotion Pump]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Speed Mixer for Plastic Extrusion Line]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Cosmetic Grade Matte Chromium Green Oxide for Cosmetics: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cosmetic & Food Grade Sodium Hyaluronate]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Drop Cable High Quality Supplier]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[ Photo Beam]

Ridge Cap Panel Forming Machine Ridge Cap Making Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Grinding Factory Corn Maize Flour Milling Mill Making Machines-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[15kgs/Spool Aws A5.18 CO2 Gas-Shielded MIG Welding Wire Er70s-6]

Ridge Cap Panel Forming Machine Ridge Cap Making Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Handheld Andriod POS with Thermal Printer]

Ridge Cap Panel Forming Machine Ridge Cap Making Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wireless Remote Control Sex Toys Pussy Men Anal Vibrator Prostate Massager for Male, Part I.Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Seaflo 12V 0.7gpm/70psi Mini Electric Garden Pump]

Cold Roll Steel Indoor 19inch 42u Fiber Optic Wetwork Cabinet , J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Household Use Food Packing 8011 Aluminum Foil.Solid PVC Forex Sheet 1.22*2.44m White Celuka PVC Foam Board, 175-184[Hydraulic Power Unit Hydraulic Station]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Custom Stainless Steel/Brass/Bronze/ Precision  Auto Spare Parts]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),25X75m Big Temporary Storage Tent for Storage/ Warehouse Solution on Sale. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Electric DC 24V Geared Motor for Auto Doors]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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