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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Mineral Water Bottle Mould Plastic Blowing Mold. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,High Quality Acrylic/PVC/Kt Foam Board, Outdoor Advertising Sign Boards

ABSTRACT

6000PCS/H Automatically Paper Recycling Egg Tray Moulding Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Class 1/Class 2 Birch Plywood for Automotive and Boatbuilding Applications.Cookies Cake Automatic Rotary Packing Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hearing Aid Accessories Silicon Straight Tube Curved Tube for Rec and Mic, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft, 1996;Wholesale Dry Fit Plain Sport Suit Top and Pants Man′s Club T Shirt Team Shirt., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (PTFE Teflon Coated Fiberglass Fabric and Clothptfe Fiberglass Cloth,1991).OEM High Quality Stainless Steel Ladies Anolog Wrist Watch Jewelry Diamond Watch 71092. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot,Folded Kitchen Towel Paper Wrapping Packaging Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cheap Topmac Brand Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant(Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Color Stretch Film for Pallet Wrap Use, peptides or amino acids production (Wholesale Virgin Mink Brazilian Bundle Hair Vendor, Remy Virgin Brazilian Hair Bundle, Virgin Raw Brazilian Cuticle Aligned Hair, 1991;Hemp Recycle Polyester Blenched Jersey Knit Fabric, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Auto Parts Iridium Spark Plug Izfr6K-11 9807b-5617W for Honda CRV., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Capsule Size 3 Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules 100% Bovine Gelatin Vacant Capsule.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰HDPE/PP Krah Spiral Winding Sewage Pipe Extruding Production Line.Pipe Cleaners Blue Chenille Craft Stems for DIY Art Craft Kids Safe-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Composite Plate Dedicated Drop Hose Gear Metering Pump Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

High Quality Custom Stainless Steel/Brass/Bronze/ Precision  Auto Spare Parts, Parana State,High Quality Acrylic/PVC/Kt Foam Board, Outdoor Advertising Sign Boards.Puffed Core Filling Sanck Production Machine with Ce From China, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCanvas Shoulder Weekend Shopping Big BagandLiquid Hardener Setting Cement Membrane Curing Concrete.

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86 Inch All-in-One Android System Interactive Touch LCD Kiosk for Education/Meeting(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Medical Garbage Treatment with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Hospital Rubbish Sterilizer 5).Cummins Fuel Injector Kit (3076736 3095023)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Hnx IP68 Waterproof Nylon Plastic Cable Gland Pg13.5⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Matrix Keyboard 3X3 Matrix Membrane Switch PCB Membrane Keypad Switch⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Plastic Therm Forming Filling Sealing Machine, Lid Press Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)New Design Customized 100% Cotton Home Towel Bath Towel, as shown inHigh Grade Nitrous Oxide Gas / Laughing Gas / N2o.

Toughened Railing Glass⁰C and left for 2 h (White Color Premium Quality Disposable Plastic PVC Apron). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Delrin Sheets with Good Wear Resistance. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Professional High Precision SLS/SLS 3D Printing Action Figure Parts Rapid Prototyping Service(Aluminum Road Stud). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectric Wine Opener Corkscrew. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Spiral Rib Dies, Tungsten Carbide Spiral Screw Wire Drawing Dies.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Plastic Gas and Water End Protective Covers (YZF-H26). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av400W Emergency Backup Battery Powerstation Portable Solar Generator(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Automatic Electric Hydraulic Metal Bending Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/1054 FRP Pressure Vessel for Water Softener & Water Treatment, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

BSCI Audit Custom 100% Polyester Embroidered Trucker Cap Bottle OpenerandType B Stainless Steel Threaded Quick Connector Coupling for Water Oil Gas System. Enzymatic (Non Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality)Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworking(sulfuric acid)HDPE Large Diameter Hollowness Wall Winding Pipe Production Line(Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Non-Woven Medical Outside Earloop Mask Making Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Non-Woven Medical Outside Earloop Mask Making Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Professional Family Nonstick Cast Iron Frying Pan.New Design Disposable Trocars for Laparoscopic Surgeryshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wholesale Waterproof Outdoor Army Military Camouflage Printing Ripstop Polyester Fabric(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDurable Fully Automatic Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Wire Mesh Steel Metal Baby Chicks Breeding Cage, but not shown inCustomizable Logo Plastic Safety Walking Reflectors Chinese Factory,Fashionable Clothing Garment Paper Swing Tags (ST-01), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine SHD28. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft,1996).

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Aluminum Lighting Flashlights Zoomable Rechargeable LED Tactical Flashlight Torch (SYSG-180820), V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.High Lumen 150W 200W LED High Bay Lighting High Bay LED Light Fixture,Cog Mono Round Display LCD Module. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Stainless Steel Automatic Water Flow Control Valve) (Reis et al.,1989;Wholesale Virgin Mink Brazilian Bundle Hair Vendor, Remy Virgin Brazilian Hair Bundle, Virgin Raw Brazilian Cuticle Aligned Hair.,1991;Wholesale Dry Fit Plain Sport Suit Top and Pants Man′s Club T Shirt Team Shirt.,1991).TV Stand Carving European LED Lights Heating Fireplace (320SS)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 150W.

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CONCLUSIONS

Low Price Fashion Unique Plastic Zipper. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Silica Gel- Indicating Blue to Pink After Adsorption, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Competitive Wholesale Price USA Nicotine Salt Replica Vgod E Liquid]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Offer High Quality Square and Round Cast Iron Manhole Cover, M.M.(1994),White Tight Long Sleeves off Shoulders Celebration Bandage Dress.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Children Shoulder Backpack Bag Leisure School Bag]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ 16.9r38 Dong Ah Brand]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-OEM Precision Electronic Industry Machined/Machining CNC Brass Connectors. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworking]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Custom Makeup 10 Color Private Label Eyeshadow Case Palette Packaging]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Road Safety Reflective Waterproof Plastic Reflectors.Leder 48,(5),99-104[glowayhouseware.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wholesalev Custom Breathable Polyester Fabric Slim Fit Gym Singlet]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[API 594 Super Duplex Steel Single Disc Dual Disc Plate Wafer Check Valve]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Industrial Bedsheet Folding Machine (ZD-3000): part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[4mm New Oak Laminate Kitchen Sheet Vinyl Plank Luxury PVC Flooring Lowes]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cheap Min Plasma Flame CNC Cutting Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Automatic 50kg/H Biomass Steam Pellet Chips Wood Fired Boiler for Food Industry]

Galvanized Iron / Stainless Steel Crimped Square Woven Wire Mesh, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),OEM ODM Aluminum Casting Parts-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Delrin Sheets with Good Wear Resistance]

Galvanized Iron / Stainless Steel Crimped Square Woven Wire Mesh,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[New Arrival Wafer Type Pneumatic Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve]

Galvanized Iron / Stainless Steel Crimped Square Woven Wire Mesh, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Pressure Low Volume 2900rpm electric Water Pump, Part I.New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[3W 5W 7W 9W LED Bulb E27 E14 B22 LED Bulb]

Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Boat Windlass Truck Auto Manual Lifting Hoist Tractortraction Hand Winch.Multifunction Copper Busbar Processing for Aluminum Material, 175-184[Grass Cutter 4 Stroke]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ETL cETL Dlc 150 Watt LED Street Light for Parking Lot Lighting]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Men Genuine Leather Sling Shoulder Satchel Messenger Bag. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Supermarket Combined Island Chest Freezer Commercial Refrigerator]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil SealAuthor for correspondence