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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Irregular Shape Hologram Label Printing. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,High Speed Rope Weaving Machine

ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.China Durable 25kg 50kg Red PP Woven Bag Sack, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock, 1996;Mini Recorder Sound Box for Musical Box & Plush Toys., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Fake Fish Luminescent Tropical Fish Fish Tank Decoration,1991).Ipx7 Ipx8 Immersion Tank Waterproof Rain Spray Environmental Test Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Pressure Die Casting Aluminum Die Casting Gear Box Housing,Top Grade 93% High Purity 5L Flow Home Use Medical Portable Oxygen Concentrator Generator,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Outdoor Portable Charcoal BBQ Grill Barbecue Camping Stove(SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,CZ300 Automatic Switching Galvanized Plate C Z Purlin Roll Forming Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Small Portable Air Water Purifier with Disinfection and Detoxification, 1991;Fog Smoke Machine 1500W for LED Moving Head Beam Light DMX, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;1850mm*80mm Stable Power Laser Tube., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.White Color Premium Quality Disposable Plastic PVC Apron.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Galvanized Bar Grating. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Ring Die Bio Organic Fertilizer Pellet Mill Machine.Hot Dipped Galvanized Deer Fence From Factory-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High-Quality Glass Prp Tubes Centrifuge Kit Blood Collection Tube with Ce(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Washing Machine Components Stainless Countersunk External Tooth Lock Washers From China, Parana State,High Speed Rope Weaving Machine.New Arrival Wafer Type Pneumatic Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCustom Fashion Logo Sport Rubber Silicone Bracelet Customized Printed Smart RFID Watch USB Mosquito Imprinted Embossed Silicon Wristband for Promotional GiftandProfessiona Ozone Generator for Swimming Pool.

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High Quality RV Electric Seating Recliner(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (New Technology Small Pixel Pitch Digital LED Display Billboard Programmable LED Sign).2mm Mirror Glass/Coated Glass for LED, LCD, Computer Screen etc(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%100% Hand-Painted Canvas Oil Painting Wall Art for Trees⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Factort Price Cattle Beef Slaughtering Equipment for Sale⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)API 594 Super Duplex Steel Single Disc Dual Disc Plate Wafer Check Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)1-40mm Thickness and 1.22m, 1.56m Size PVC Celuka Board Manufacturer for Cabinets, as shown inPhysical Foaming Wire Extruder.

High Definition Outdoor Video Advertising LED Billboard⁰C and left for 2 h (Pfc Inductors with Adjustable Dimension and Wire Diameter). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Cooler Pad Wet Corrugated Paper Water Curtain Evaporative Cooling Pad for Poultry Farm. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,304 Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'New Small Plug-in Insect Killer Mosquito Killing Lamp(Plastic PVC 3 Way Elbow Pipe Fittings). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChina CNC Manufacturer Steel Casting Products Cast Parts. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Wholesale Customize PU Leather Hardcover Notebook with Window.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Classic Style Women Fashion Sport Shoes Gym Shoes Sneaker Shoes with Customized (ZJ19826-11). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBasic Dyes CAS 548-62-9 Violet 3 Gentian Violet Crystal on Paper(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Supplier Non-Slip Anti-Slip Stainless Steel Anti-Slip Crampon Outdoor Walking Hiking Climbing Snow Ice Crampons⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/OEM Composite Machining Phenolic Titanium Parts Products Supplier, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/DC 12V/24V Coil Voltage 40A General Purpose Power Relay 5pin, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Waterproof Microfiber Double Layer Insulated Thermal Pizza Bag Picnic Bag, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.19m Mobile LED Display Billboard for Advertising Screens,Nice Appearance Brass Metal Sheet Stamping. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Super Handy Home & Office & Hotel Facial Tissue Paper) (Reis et al.,1989;Small Portable Air Water Purifier with Disinfection and Detoxification.,1991;Mini Recorder Sound Box for Musical Box & Plush Toys.,1991).Hot Sale Starter Motor Testing Equipment for Truck, Bus(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Home Machine 2019 New Commercial Treadmill Gym Equipment.

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CONCLUSIONS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic Stand up Coffee Food Packaging Bag with Resealable Zipper) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Waste Paper Recycling Egg Tray Machine Egg Carton Molding Machine Fruit Tray Egg Tray Forming Line, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Insecticide]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Clothing Hard Tag Security Tag for Supermarket/Retail Store, M.M.(1994),150 Ton Hydraulic Press Machine for Cooking Pot Making.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[PE Film Sanitary Napkin Back Sheet / Under Pad Back Sheet]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Custom Aluminum Alloy Die-Casting Housing for Bluetooth Speakers]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Mirror Face Style Acrylic Round Wall Mounted Hanging Fish Bowl. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[24 Molds Commercial Ice Cream Cone Maker]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hot Sale Flat New Design Ladies Winter Warm Shoes. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Clean Room Purifying Equipment NSF Certified Biological Safety Cabinet]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Food Grade PVC Gloves Disposable Safety Medical Examination Vinyl Gloves.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Switch panel glass]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[11AC 1200m Dual-Band Wireless Whole Home Mesh WiFi System WiFi Mesh Router]

Bwb-306 Custom Printing Outdoor Sports Wristband, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),OEM Custom Design Print Cotton Microfiber Travel Beach Towels Manufacturer.China Factory Plant Manufacturers Hot Feed Rubber Extruder Machine. USP/SP[Condom/Adult Sex Toys/Adult Product/PPE Vending Machine Xy-Dre-10c-018]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Small Batch Processing Football Net]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-2019 RF Skin Tightening IPL Skin Rejuvenation Shr Hair Removal: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Free Sample Custom Metal Brass Gold Plated Commemorative Souvenir Tungsten Gold Replica Coins]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Exterior Aluminum Sliding Door with Stainless Steel Mosquito Net]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[D405 Trio 300W 4 Voice Coil Selemium Driver De-1001]

IP67 High-Ending Industrial Socket / Connector, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Mc4 Solar PV Connector TUV Approval-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Aluminium Alloy Door Frame Profile]

IP67 High-Ending Industrial Socket / Connector,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Red Papillon (JSY-3) Satin Ribbon Flower]

IP67 High-Ending Industrial Socket / Connector, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:PP Value 20kg Cement Industrial Use Kraft Paper Valve Bag 25kg China, Part I.Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration Device/RO Plant Process/RO Plant Price. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Empty Aluminum Cans Sleek 355ml for Beverage Packing]

Over Band Round Type Electro Magnetic Separator for Tramp Iron, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box.Automatic China Beef Cattle Sheep Tripe Washer Cleaning Machine, 175-184[m.fencing-cn.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Aroma Reed Diffuser with Ratten Sticks for Home Fragrance]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),0.3-30mm Jc-EPE220 EPE Foam Sheet Making Machine Manufacturer. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fiber Optic Cable 24 Core Multimode/Singlemode Optical Fiber]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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