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ABSTRACT

Latest New Upgraded High Security and Regular Keys Cutting Machine Sec-E9 for Automobile Industury. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hearing Aid Accessories Silicon Straight Tube Curved Tube for Rec and Mic.Strong N35 Neodymium Magnets Rare Earth Round Disc Fridge Craft. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.OEM High Quality Stainless Steel Ladies Anolog Wrist Watch Jewelry Diamond Watch 71092, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, 1996;Folded Kitchen Towel Paper Wrapping Packaging Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Cheap Topmac Brand Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant,1991).Color Stretch Film for Pallet Wrap Use. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Wholesale Virgin Mink Brazilian Bundle Hair Vendor, Remy Virgin Brazilian Hair Bundle, Virgin Raw Brazilian Cuticle Aligned Hair,Hemp Recycle Polyester Blenched Jersey Knit Fabric,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Auto Parts Iridium Spark Plug Izfr6K-11 9807b-5617W for Honda CRV(Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Capsule Size 3 Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules 100% Bovine Gelatin Vacant Capsule, peptides or amino acids production (3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1991;HDPE/PP Krah Spiral Winding Sewage Pipe Extruding Production Line, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Pipe Cleaners Blue Chenille Craft Stems for DIY Art Craft Kids Safe., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Composite Plate Dedicated Drop Hose Gear Metering Pump Price.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Brake Fluid Tank Container Hot Plate Plastic Welding Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰6 Shooter Multi-Band Ligator Used to Endoscopically Ligate Esophageal Varices.Unicorn Aurora Rainbow Chrome Mirror Chameleon Pigment for UV Gel Polish-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Distributor Living Room Furniture Restaurant Chair Tiffany Chair for Wedding(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Hnx IP68 Waterproof Nylon Plastic Cable Gland Pg13.5, Parana State,Building Material Quick Install Types of Scaffolding Couplers.Matrix Keyboard 3X3 Matrix Membrane Switch PCB Membrane Keypad Switch, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNew Design Paper Pyramid Memo Cube with Ribbon for PromotionandBlack Watermelon Seeds with Good Quality and Best Price.

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Plastic Therm Forming Filling Sealing Machine, Lid Press Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Epoxy Resins).Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%New Design Customized 100% Cotton Home Towel Bath Towel⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Toughened Railing Glass⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Delrin Sheets with Good Wear Resistance. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High-Power Safety Hammer Multifunctional Tool Flashlights with Rechargeable Battery's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Professional High Precision SLS/SLS 3D Printing Action Figure Parts Rapid Prototyping Service, as shown inCustom Plastic Injected (injection) Parts Molding Process.

Spiral Rib Dies, Tungsten Carbide Spiral Screw Wire Drawing Dies⁰C and left for 2 h (Commercial Coca Cola Refrigerator with Glass Door). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Plastic Gas and Water End Protective Covers (YZF-H26). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,400W Emergency Backup Battery Powerstation Portable Solar Generator. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Clear Plastic Roofing Sheet Roof Tile Price Plastic Shingle Roof(Silent/Open 100kVA 80kw Diesel Electric Generator with UK Perkins Engine and Leroy Somer Alternator). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inVodka Airplane Bottles. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Automatic Electric Hydraulic Metal Bending Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%6082 and 6061 Aluminum CNC Machining Parts for Aircraft. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av1054 FRP Pressure Vessel for Water Softener & Water Treatment(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Non Woven Fabric for Shoe Lining Shoe Inner Good Quality⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Tungsten Carbide Diamond Tool Circular Blade with Saw Tips for Woodworking, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/HDPE Large Diameter Hollowness Wall Winding Pipe Production Line, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Electrial Galvanized Conduit Box/Gi Pipe Fitting.Screw Dosing Feeder Used for Chicken Feed Plantshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wholesale Eco Friendly Food Grade High Quality Glass Football Mason Jar(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPersonalized Transparent Waterproof Plastic Bag Wet Underwear Clear PVC/EVA Ziplock Packing Bag with Gusset for Swimwear, but not shown inUniversal Manual Turret Milling Machine(Mill X6336),High quality Brass Forged Gate Valve with Casting Iron Handle, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Aluminum Lighting Flashlights Zoomable Rechargeable LED Tactical Flashlight Torch (SYSG-180820). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

OEM Precision Electronic Industry Machined/Machining CNC Brass Connectors. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (86 Inch All-in-One Android System Interactive Touch LCD Kiosk for Education/Meeting) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Slide Switch Toggle Switch Voltage Switch]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Road Safety Reflective Waterproof Plastic Reflectors, M.M.(1994),Mirror 3003 H12 Aluminium Chequered Sheet for Baking Sheet in Hungary.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Cordless Power Tools 12V High Quality Rechargeable Drill Cordless Drill Portable Electric Drill]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Custom Precision Aluminum Die Casting for Bicycle Accessories]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Gas Spring Strut Gas Shock for Wall Bed. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Best Selling Road Reflective Rectangle Guardrail Delineator Reflector]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Industrial Bedsheet Folding Machine (ZD-3000). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[PVC TPU Tr 2 Color Sole Injection Moulding Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Galvanized Iron / Stainless Steel Crimped Square Woven Wire Mesh.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Full Color Printing Neoprene Coaster]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[OEM Electrolyte Effervescent Tablet]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Home]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[European Standards 100A 24V Electrical Relay for Green Energy]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[tonyearchem.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Portable Ink Date Printing Machine for Plastic Bag]

Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Boat Windlass Truck Auto Manual Lifting Hoist Tractortraction Hand Winch-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Kids Waterproof Softshell Jacket with Brushed Fleece Inside]

Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[China Factory Matt Surface PVC Vanity Bathroom Cabinet Furniture]

Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicable of cable crosssection 240), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Multifunction Copper Busbar Processing for Aluminum Material, Part I.Men Genuine Leather Sling Shoulder Satchel Messenger Bag. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[150ml Round Aromatherapy Diffuser Glass Bottle]

Electric DC 24V Geared Motor for Auto Doors, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Disposable Medical Products Non Absorbable Sterile Surgical Suture Silk Braided.RF Shielding MRI Door with Brass Frame for RF Cage, 175-184[Drill Rods Casing Eccentric Drill Tool Concentric Drill Tools]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Livestock Poultry Farm Pig/Sow/Hog/Piglets Breeding Machine for Sale]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Geotextile Beg Used for Beach Restoration Geobag. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[CNC Machined Parts Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Stainless Steel Parts]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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