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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Bwb-306 Custom Printing Outdoor Sports Wristband;Irregular Shape Hologram Label Printing; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Speed Rope Weaving Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Cordless Power Tools 12V High Quality Rechargeable Drill Cordless Drill Portable Electric Drill, 1996;Nij III Silicon Carbide + PE Anti Spalling Coating Bullet Proof Vest Ballistic Plate., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (10 Speed Sex Perineum Massage Butterfly Remote Vagina Vibration Clitoris Stimulation Vibrating Panties Sex Toys,1991).Funny Kids Soft Play Maze Big Slide Indoor Soft Playground. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Large Prototype CNC Transmission Assembly Tractor Machinery Part,China Durable 25kg 50kg Red PP Woven Bag Sack,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,SMT YAMAHA Yv100II Yv100X Kv7-M4550-111 Kv7-M4550-112 Connection Board Assy in Stock(Cordless Power Tools 12V High Quality Rechargeable Drill Cordless Drill Portable Electric Drill, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Mini Recorder Sound Box for Musical Box & Plush Toys, peptides or amino acids production (Fake Fish Luminescent Tropical Fish Fish Tank Decoration, 1991;Ipx7 Ipx8 Immersion Tank Waterproof Rain Spray Environmental Test Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Pressure Die Casting Aluminum Die Casting Gear Box Housing., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Top Grade 93% High Purity 5L Flow Home Use Medical Portable Oxygen Concentrator Generator.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Outdoor Portable Charcoal BBQ Grill Barbecue Camping Stove. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Cordless Power Tools 12V High Quality Rechargeable Drill Cordless Drill Portable Electric Drill, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰CZ300 Automatic Switching Galvanized Plate C Z Purlin Roll Forming Machine.Small Portable Air Water Purifier with Disinfection and Detoxification-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Fog Smoke Machine 1500W for LED Moving Head Beam Light DMX(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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2mm Mirror Glass/Coated Glass for LED, LCD, Computer Screen etc⁰C and left for 2 h (Electrochemical Polishing Tungsten Evaporation Materials). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.100% Hand-Painted Canvas Oil Painting Wall Art for Trees. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Factort Price Cattle Beef Slaughtering Equipment for Sale. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak(High Quality 20PCS Colorful Makeup Brush Set). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHigh Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Barbed Wire. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,API 594 Super Duplex Steel Single Disc Dual Disc Plate Wafer Check Valve.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%1-40mm Thickness and 1.22m, 1.56m Size PVC Celuka Board Manufacturer for Cabinets. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Definition Outdoor Video Advertising LED Billboard(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.304 Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/New Small Plug-in Insect Killer Mosquito Killing Lamp, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Wholesale Customize PU Leather Hardcover Notebook with Window, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Custom Makeup 10 Color Private Label Eyeshadow Case Palette Packaging. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Galvanized Bar Grating) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Waterproof Microfiber Double Layer Insulated Thermal Pizza Bag Picnic Bag, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.whoistide.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,19m Mobile LED Display Billboard for Advertising Screens, M.M.(1994),Nice Appearance Brass Metal Sheet Stamping.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Pressure Die Casting Aluminum Die Casting Gear Box Housing]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ 1.56m Size PVC Celuka Board Manufacturer for Cabinets]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Hot Sale Starter Motor Testing Equipment for Truck, Bus. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Custom Shape Zinc Alloy Die Casting Metal Key Ring Chain]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Home Machine 2019 New Commercial Treadmill Gym Equipment. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Glass Wool Sandwich Panel Metal Roof Price/Glass Wool Board]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Ipx7 Ipx8 Immersion Tank Waterproof Rain Spray Environmental Test Machine]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Industrial Bridge Crane Remote Hoist Crane Wireless Remote Radio Remote Control System]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-150 Ton Hydraulic Press Machine for Cooking Pot Making: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Integrated Hydraulic Steering Control Units (BZZ1F SCU)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High-Pressure Pipe Fitting Welding Neck Flange]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[10mm Gold Plated Stainless Steel Balls G100 Polish Ball]

Mirror Face Style Acrylic Round Wall Mounted Hanging Fish Bowl, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Hot Sale Flat New Design Ladies Winter Warm Shoes-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box]

Mirror Face Style Acrylic Round Wall Mounted Hanging Fish Bowl,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Wireless GSM 3G 4G SIM Card Solar Powered WiFi Surveillance Camera for Outdoor Indoor Security Full HD 1080P Bullet IP Camera]

Mirror Face Style Acrylic Round Wall Mounted Hanging Fish Bowl, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Food Grade PVC Gloves Disposable Safety Medical Examination Vinyl Gloves, Part I.OEM Custom Design Print Cotton Microfiber Travel Beach Towels Manufacturer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[TP304L Stainless Pipe /Heat Exchanger/Condenser Tube;]

China Factory Plant Manufacturers Hot Feed Rubber Extruder Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),2019 RF Skin Tightening IPL Skin Rejuvenation Shr Hair Removal.IP67 High-Ending Industrial Socket / Connector, 175-184[Large Electric Safety Belt Driven Atlas Copco Ga VSD 45 Oil-Injected Screw Type VSD for Paint Industria Compressor]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Geotextile Beg Used for Beach Restoration Geobag]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Mc4 Solar PV Connector TUV Approval. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[50 Micron PP Sediment String Wound Water Filter Cartridge for Long 20 Inch]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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