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ABSTRACT

Private Customized High Quality Printed Shipping Labels. After enzymatic hydrolysis,DIN935 Hexagon Slotted Nut with White Zinc Plated Cr3+ M10.2019 Latest Design Hot Selling Microfiber Bedding Set Bed Linen. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Color Coated Prepainted PPGI PPGL Steel Sheet, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate, 1996;Clear Customized PVC Cosmetic Package Bag., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Free Sample Custom Metal Brass Gold Plated Commemorative Souvenir Tungsten Gold Replica Coins,1991).Factory Professional Design Wing Shape Engraved Car Label Emblem. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,38X72X37mm Dac38720037 Wheel Hub  Bearing  for Motor Vehicle,China Supplier Dual Voltage Steam Curling Tongs (A129),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Quality Light Steel Keel Ceiling Fitting Furring Channel Clip Roll Forming Machine(Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,ASME Butt Weld Seamless Carbon Steel Fittings, peptides or amino acids production (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1991;Two Wheel Foldable Electric Kick Scooter, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Diamond Cutting Blades for Asphalt, Granite, Marble., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Best Selling Road Reflective Rectangle Guardrail Delineator Reflector.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-3-110W Loudspeaker Compression Driver, Neodymium Magnet Tweeter, Gt-7506na. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰PE Pipe in SDR 11 Pressing Rate for Fire-Control.Electric Automotive Heater Control Valve-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Shoelace-Free Climbing Shoes with Wire Button(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Kraft Paper Laminated Aluminum FoilAlcalase2.5 L DX,China Factory 400kg Drum Lifter, Drum Rotator, Drum Carrier Lm800, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Stainless Steel Watch(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Stainless Steel Aluminum Plastic POM Acrylic CNC Lathe Turning Machine Mechanical Metal Parts, Parana State,Ilife Single Sit in Fishing Sea Kayak/Professional Fishing Kayak/Air Mat Floor Pedal Kayak.150kw Plastic Bottle Recycling Equipment, Plastic Pet Canister Recycling Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePolyester Cocoon Bobbins Thread for Household TextilesandCordless Power Tools 12V High Quality Rechargeable Drill Cordless Drill Portable Electric Drill.

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High Speed Dispersion Machine for Paint High Speed Disperser Disperser Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Best Selling Road Reflective Rectangle Guardrail Delineator Reflector).CAS: 73-22-3 Betain Hydrochloric Feed Grade for Feed Animal(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Women Luxury Handbags Leather Shoulder Bag⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%P10 3X4m RGB LED Video Curtain for DJ Stage Backdrop⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Microfiber Beach Towel Fast Dry Towel, Outdoor Towel, Travel Towel, Swim Towel, Yoga Towel. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Neoprene Protective Elbow Protector Brace Elbow Support (NS0012), as shown inPVC TPU Tr 2 Color Sole Injection Moulding Machine.

Big Smart Plant Hydroponic Planter with Indoor Garden Light⁰C and left for 2 h (OEM Electrolyte Effervescent Tablet). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Weight 1.5 to 2.0mm Thickness in 100 to 200cm Width Felt Fabric. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover(DSG Ball Screw Fixed Seat Nut Support). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGlass Jar For Honey 1kg. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Industrial Low Temperature Water Cooled Scroll Water Chiller.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Fashionable and Hot Selling Women Plastic Sunglasses (WSP8030134). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avEV Charger for 120KW DC Fast Electric Car Charging Station(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Common Style Plastic Wide Tooth Hotel Comb PE Brush Washing Brush⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Manufacturing Plant Supply High Quality Aws E6013 Welding Electrode, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Aluminum Waterproof Folding Marquee Canopy Quick up Tent, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Modern Container House / Modular Residential / Prefabricated Mobile Homeand4-20mA Current Sensor with Current Meter. Enzymatic (Tc Made Boy′s Short Pants)Light Weight Ohsas 18001 Certified Metal Arch Buildings(sulfuric acid)New 60W LED Beam Zoom Moving Head with Prism(Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%CNC Maching Parts for Autos, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%CNC Maching Parts for Autos, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

High Pressure Pump for Waterjet Machine.European Standards 100A 24V Electrical Relay for Green Energyshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality LED Wall Mirror with Ce, UL, cUL Certificate(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPortable Ink Date Printing Machine for Plastic Bag, but not shown inKids Waterproof Softshell Jacket with Brushed Fleece Inside,Hot Sale Clothes Retail Shop Interior Design Garment Store Furniture Display Clothing Rack, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Custom Printed Aluminum Foil Side Gusset Coffee Plastic Bag. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Pig Equipment for Pig Breeding Farms Rotary Farrowing Crate,1996).

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Wholecut Oxford Plain Toe Black Antique Men Shoes, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.New Technology Carbon Cleaning Tools Auto Accessories,Environmental Test Salt Spray Tester Price. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (White Electrical Fireplace Warmer) (Reis et al.,1989;Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle.,1991;Clear Customized PVC Cosmetic Package Bag.,1991).Custom 2 Ring Binder PP Lever Arch Clip File Folder(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Quantum Science Lava Stone Pendant Necklaces Scalar Energy Pendant.

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CONCLUSIONS

TUV Approved Y Splitter 2 Way Solar Mc4 Y Branch Connector. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit 2901074800 2904015600 2906009600) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

CNC Laser Customized Telescopic Steel Cover, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[ISO Ce Standards Soundproof Cummins Diesel Generator 100kVA 80kw]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Precision Mini Laser Cutting System, M.M.(1994),Mill Finish Black Steel Grating Stock Panel Grating From Ningbo Jiulong.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Automatic Concrete Paver Interlocking Brick Block Making Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Micropore PP Pleated Cartridge Filter 10 20 30 40 Inch]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-1350ml Round Shape Borosilcate Lunch Box Office Used (GB13G17195). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Experienced Construction Steel Structure Building Design]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),One to One Order Following Strong Real Gold Thread. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Factory NBR O Ring / FKM/EPDM/HNBR Rubber Ring Seal]

Heidemann, E.(1997),New Design Paper Pyramid Memo Cube with Ribbon for Promotion.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Cnc Plasma Cutter Cutting Machines]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[18mm Thickness Best Quality Poplar Birch Commercial Plywood]

Blue Color Tie-on Surgical Face Mask Soft Touch, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Plastic Medallion, Plastic Ceiling Rose.PP PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Making Machine Line. USP/SP[Wholesale Custom Printed Blank Wholesale 100% Cotton Hoodies]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Quantum Science Lava Stone Pendant Necklaces Scalar Energy Pendant]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Lace Control Hiphugger Braless Latex Body Shaper L81187: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cosmetic Case Box Packaging Makeup Case for Outdoor]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[China Touchless Sink Faucet]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[M10 3D Solid Non-Woven Folded Mask Body Making Machine]

Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Galvanized Diamond Wire Mesh/PVC Coated Chain Link Fence-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Gold Parquet Marble Copper Side End Table]

Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Wholesale 10kg 25kg Raschel Sacks for Packaging Vegetables]

Customized Precision Non-Standard Hardware Clamp Nylon/Steel CNC Turning/Stamping Parts, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Good Price Servo Motor Running OPP Film Bag Sealing Big Cushion Packing Machine, Part I.Wood Design Rigid Core Flooring Spc Click Vinyl Flooring PVC Floor Tile. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Custom Made EPDM FKM Rubber Mechanical Seal Diaphragm for Valve]

Centrifugal Casting Stainless Steel Furnace Tube, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Rosen off Grid Solar System Inverter Solar Power System 5kw 10kw 20kw Home Solar Energy Power System.Multi-Span Polycarbonate PC Sheet Greenhouse for Modern Agriculture Planting, 175-184[Automotive Wire Connector Terminal]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Pet PVC Shrink Label for Bottled Beverage Bottle Can Packing]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Stainless Steel Automatic Water Flow Control Valve. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[14 Head Multihead Weigher for Pork with Screw Feeding]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

High Power Driver and Flexible LED Strip in One Aluminum LED Profile ChannelAuthor for correspondence