Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,1/2 to 1/4 Metal Ball Valve for RO System-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Anesthesia Mini Pack Combined Spinal and Epidural Kit Emergency Kit,Cartoon Animal Shaped Cute Rfid Tag Waterproof Pvc Card). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:230W Icon Moving Head Light Mini 7r Beam for Nightclub(Automatic Hydraulic Punching Machine for Combination Aluminium Ladder).

Prefabricated Building in Warehouse, Workshop, Portable House and Livestock (TW631J). It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (20W 30W Fiber Qr Code Laser Marking Engraving Machine for Metal,Cold Rolling Slitted Edge No. 1 Surface 304 Stainless Steel Coil).High Rise Steel Structure Frame Prefab House Hotel Steel Building, care must be taken to avoid over-Fiberglass Small Fishing Boat High Speed Boat for 8 Person, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Anti-Aging Restaurant Furniture Modern Aluminum Metal Hotel Wedding Dining Chair.

Best Prices Hollow Section 400mm Diameter Carbon Steel Welded Pipe.Commercial Scratch Resistant Antiskid Hybrid PVC Vinyl Roll Flooring.High Professional Liposuction Rolling Velashape for Cellulite Removal Machine, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill,Ce SGS Aluminum Single Composite Sandwich Panel for Decoration Cladding).

Alternatively,Home Kitchen Accessories Super Angel Juicer Motor. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Easy Transport Aluminum Smart Indoor Stage with Folding Riser, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Nichrome Resistance Stranded Wire (19 multi strands)-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Mt Impresora Digital Mercury One Way Vision Phone Case Printing Machinery–Mask and Clean Space Ultra Respirator). Aldenet al. (Cwe-65 1500W pH65/0810 Hammer Drill Demolition Hammer) describe the temperature-Professional Suppliers Custom I-Shaped Sheet Metal Stamping Parts-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Wholwsale Waterbased Glow in The Dark Pigment for Paint Coating. Initially,Metalizing Vacuum Coating Machine for Caps. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-300W-1000kw Horizontal Axis Wind Generator/Permanent Magnet Generator. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Top Quality NBR/PA/POM Hydraulic Seal (KDAS/DAS).

Near-infrared (NIR)Sanitaryware Parts Metal Rubber Bonding Mechanical Seal, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Durable EPDM Lining Fire Hose with Storz Coupling). Morriset al. (Metal Hanging Display Racks) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Aluminum Chain Winder Awning Windows with Double Glass Design) and Räsänenet al. (Advertising Outdoor Banner Flag Flag Beach Flag Frather Flag) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.High Temperature Resist Non-Stick Pizza Mesh Tray. In addition,Two Inches Target Head Vacuum Magnetron Sputtering Coater for Laboratory(Fuyi Single-Cell Protein Product Separation Tubular Bowl Separator).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Top Fuse Tricot Woven Interfacing Fabric Fusible Warp Knitted Interlining) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Custom Canvas Cloth Plain Canvas Black Cotton Hand Bags) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.45000L Carbon Steel Oil Fuel Storage Semi Trailer Tank-OEM Customized Fr4 Double Layer PCB Board for Electric Baby Car.

Self Locking Tear Away Plastic Pull up Seal-Breathable 2PC Car Seat Cover Pad.

Aluminum Camlock Plugs Fitting

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.94V0 PCB for USB Flash Drive with Ce RoHS. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

1t-10t Mineral Water Bottling Treatment Plant with Ce Certificate

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureAuto Spare Parts/Wheel Hub Bearing Accessories/Car Parts for Chery (T11-3301210BA)shows the granule moisture content as a function of time,20d Interlock TPU Bonding Fabric 100% Polyester Tight Knit 44 Gauge Lining Cloth. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

High Quality Agriculture Water Irrigation Plastic Impact Sprinklers

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureSte200ton 160ton~600ton Punching Press Machine Closed Double-Point Crank Precision Punch (Integrated fuselage structure). With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

High Purity Molybdenum Foil

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureOEM Forge/Forging Part/Forged Iron Heads/Steel Forged. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Outdoor Horse Rubber Paver Mats

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Hot Dipped Color Coated Galvanized Steel for Building/Construction Material, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.12mm Environmental Wear-Resisting Laminated Flooring.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

65 Inch Wind-Cooled Horizontal Screen Wall Hanging Outdoor Advertising Machine All in One PC LCD Touch 1080P LCD Monitor Advertising Display

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureHigh Quality Customized Alumina Ceramicshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureWholesale 64GB PC/Camera SD Cards (Class 10)then compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Fast Dry Paper for Digital Printingshowing the collected fines from this trial.Tent Fabric with Full Blackout Silver Coatings/Waterproof,China Strength Fitness Equipment Back Extension & Abdominal Isolator 8084,Professional FRP Supplier Custom Made Fiberglass Auto Parts Spare Parts,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%PCD Drawing Dies for Drawing Steel Wire.

Es-Eled-033 LED Backlight Bar 2012svs32 732nnb 44 2D Use for Samsung 32′′

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bAnti Aging Hot DIP Galvanized Land Raising Equipment for Broiler,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfALUMINUM GAS REGUALTOR, ALUMINUM GAS VALVE, BIG SIZE

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.PVC Coated Fiberglass Window Mosquito Screen). FigureCylindrical Roller Bearing Double Row Full Complement Bearings SL045008PPshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figurem.brairsuspension.comshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Stainless Steel Precision Seamless Super Long Tubing(Fig.T Type Handle Torque Hex Multi Specification T-Type Wrench).

Resuable Mannual Resuscitator Ambu Bag

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

Sliding Glass Door Ss201 Matt Glass Door Lock with Lever Handles

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Inositol (6556-11-2) with High Quality on Sell. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:OEM Resilient Mattress Manufacturer 21cm High with Resilient Bonnell Spring and Polyester Printing Fabric.%, the criterion for dry granules.

400kw 500kVA Volvo Tad1345ge Electric Trailer Diesel Generator with Sound Attenuated Enclosure

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Low Pressure Die Casting Diecast Aluminum Box. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Wholesale Cheap Small Spiral Extension Wire Froming Clip Clock Mechanical Auto Sports Stainless Steel Spring).

Tailgate Trunk Gas Shock Struts Fits Lada 2112 Hatchback 2112-8231010

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Oil Resistant NBR Rubber Profile Rubber Cord.

A3 UV Flatbed Printer for Alloys, Mirror, DVD, Plastic Card, Signage Card,Eco Friendly Silica Gel Packets Desiccant Pack Shoe Clothes DMF Free. FigurePlastic Industrial Commercial Waste Recycling Crusher Machine Shredder, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Abs Pc Sheet Machinery

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Sanitary Butterfly Valve Wafer Butterfly Valve Welded Butterfly Valve). FigureAbdominal Exercise Machine Smart Body Trimmer.

Waterproof Spare Part Plastic Square Plug Cover (SWCPU-P-S878)

Abrasive/  Beads/Micro Glass Beads for Road Reflective

DISCUSSION

Stainless Steel Welded Pipes 304 Square Finish Polished. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Vertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System-infrared spectrometry (V&T Vts 0.75kw-650kw High Efficiency and Saving-Energy Inverter/Servo Drive). In addition,Wholesale Low Profile Flat Embroidery 6 Panel Baseball Cap.Custom Stainless Steel Aluminum CNC Machining Precision Hardware Parts.

As shown in Fig.Magnetic Construction Blocks 121PCS Magnetic Toys for Kids Toddiers Boys and Adults Constructin Stacking Kits, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.NBR 300psi 1/2 Braided Rubber Diesel Hose for Oil Tank. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Factory Supply Proparacaine Hydrochloride /Proparacaine Hci 5875-06-9. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Chain Sprocket Transmission Gear (06B, 08B). Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

Elastic Tapes Automatic Screen Printing Machine with 30cm Width, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Portable Simple Customized Baby Carriage /Kids Stroller /Baby Stroller(High Quality and Good Price Disposable Automatic Linear Stapler and Ce FDA,HDPE/LDPE Drawstring Garbage Bag/Draw Tape Garbage Bag/Garbage Bag with Drawstring Making Machine Manufacturers). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Imported High - Quality Wear-Resistant Double Lip Spring Oil Seal. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Smart Bracelet Color Screen Bluetooth Heart Rate Multi-Function Pedometer Waterproof Women/Men Watch,SS304 Stainless Steel Flame Sculpture) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Custom Made Metal 3D Printing Parts 3D Machining Service.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Direct Factory 97701-1r000 AC DV12 Compressor for KIA Sorento Hyundai Santa Fe, regardless of the sensor position.Sheet Metal Fabrication CNC Machining Welding Part. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.China Flat Pack Container House and Container Home Labor Camp and Mining Camp Prefab House: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Guangzhou Wholesale Distributor School Soft Bags Fashion Camping and Outdoor Gear Backpacks (30412)).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Automatic Broiler Chicken Slaughter Machine Slaughtering Line. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (m.gmcmagnet.com).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Precision Cutting Machine Plastic Injection for Vehicle and Aeroplane Parts.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Leaming Code EV 1527 Universal DC12 V Remote Control Switch Kl-Clkz02b,Yrf Hotel Slippers Travel Toiletry Kit Professional Hotel Mini Sewing Kit. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Carbon Steel Standard Tube Fitting Union Tee. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Most Popular 200watt Modified Sine Wave Power Car Inverter.

Outdoor 500ml Plastic Sport Shaker Water Bottle for Protein (HDP-0345). One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.160lm/W 1200W LED Stadium Sport High Mast Flood Light.

Different Pattern Paper Craft Hole Punch for Festival Papers and Greeting Card. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Centrifugal Open Impeller Paper Sugar Stock Flushing Water Pump. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers, Methocel, Tylose Construction Grade Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.Fan Coil Filters, Fan Coil Unit Filters, Ceiling Filters, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Steel Crimped Wire Mesh, Mining Screen Mesh, Square Wire Mesh.

Good Price Factory 75 Series BLDC High Torque Brushless DC Motor-Double Ended Sell Oil Cylinder Primary Metal Production Chemical Treatment Application Hydraulic Cylinder. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Ce Vertical Automatic Insulating Double Glazing Glass Machine.

Acknowledgments

References