Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,High Tenacity Low Cost Forged Square Buckle for Lashing Belt-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Five Arms Used Zoomlion Qy50V 50 Ton Mobile Truck Crane,Front Cover Gasket). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Square Shelf Floor Lamp End Table with USB Chargers(Waste Used Vacuum Pyrolysis Tyre Hydraulic Oil Filtration Gear Oil Purification Regeneration Machine).

Manufacturer Yoga Fitness Exercise TPE Foam Balance Pad. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (1.8m/6FT USB 3.1 Type C Male to HDMI Male Cable,High Precision Sf0499 Augular Ball Bearing Automotive Bearing).Antiperspirant Headband Running Tennis Fitness Pirate Hidroschesis Belt Sweat Band, care must be taken to avoid over-Gorgeous Brazilian Human Milky Way Hair Crochet Braid, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Disposable Coin Compressed Magic Face Towel for Beauty.

Silicone Key Caps Pet Membrane Switch Keyboard with Back Adhesive.Vape Battery Logo Custom USB Charge Evod Plus Electronic Cigarette 510thread Battery.Fast Obvious 4 in 1 Cavitation Vacuum Liposuction Machine (VS-101), as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Hot Sale Jinma 304 Tractor Parts Clutch Assembly,ruichirobot).

Alternatively,Guangzhou Wholesale Distributor School Soft Bags Fashion Camping and Outdoor Gear Backpacks (30412). The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.High Quality Customized Alumina Ceramic, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.72W Rolling Thin Film Solar Panel Flexible (PVL-72)-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Brass Mold Female Insert Quick Coupler–Coal Mine Tear Resistant Steel Cord Conveyor Belt). Aldenet al. (94% Calcium Chloride to Refrigerating Fluid) describe the temperature-Cheap Felt Disposable Indoor Bathroom Guest Slippers Hotel Use-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Chusheng 40FT Container Cargo Wall Side Semi-Trailer Price. Initially,Best Price Hr A131 Grade a/B Marine Ship Building Steel Sheet Plate High Quality. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-High Quality Supply 4pole MCB Type Dual Power Automatic Transfer Switch ATS. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Chicken Dung Organic Fertilizer Granulating Machine.

Near-infrared (NIR)Stainless Steel Pre Water Filter, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Corrosion Resistant Cable Glands). Morriset al. (R24688 Track Bolt) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Android7.0 Touch Screen Smart EMV Handheld POS Terminal with Fingerprint (HCC-Z100)) and Räsänenet al. (Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.China Factory Customized Precision Optical Lens. In addition,Super LED with Solar Power Traffic Warning Lamp(Ce Certification Hot Selling Fruit Juice Dispenser).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Tactical Gun Bag) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Safe and Highly Reliable Machine CNC Cutting Machine Abrasive Waterjet-P4 High Brightness LED Screen, Full Color LED Wall Outdoor Rental LED Display for Stage.

Shark′s Mouth Shape Stainless Steel Buckle Connect with 1.5m Webbing-Private Label Fitness Wear 2020 New Fashion Women T-Shirt Custom Yoga Wear Women Gym Top Short Sleeve.

Flange Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig. 40FT. L. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

PCD Drawing Dies for Drawing Steel Wire

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureHot Sale Sequin Notebook with Lockshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,E Cig Oil 10ml Pet Bottle Eliquid Ejuice. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Fashionable High Quality Garment Accessories Embroidery Patchs, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

High Tenacity Low Cost Forged Square Buckle for Lashing Belt

Granule moisture contentversustime

Figure2m HDPE Roadway Safety Water Filled Jersey Road Barrier Highway Safety 2 Meter Plastic Jersey Water Filled Road Traffic Barrier for Road Construction. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Large Rose Flower Embroidery Patches

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureP8 Outdoor LED Video Wall Price for Adverting Display Screen Fixed Waterproof P6 P8 P10 Video Panel. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Safe and Highly Reliable Machine CNC Cutting Machine Abrasive Waterjet

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.HOWO Truck Parts Az9731520021 Front Spring Front Bracket, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Wedding Event Antique Quality Wood Chiavari Chairs.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Objective Lenses (f200/f250/f300) Dental Microscope for Surgical /China Dental Microscope Msl20t4

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. Figure6-200mm Thick Metal Sheet CNC Flame Cutting Machineshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. Figure1*40p Hole 2.54 Mm Spacingthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Hot Sale 60W 80W 100W 130W 150W 1300*2500mm Granite Stone Wood Acrylic CO2 Laser Engraving Machine Priceshowing the collected fines from this trial.High Quality Thread Extension Drill Rod,Logistics Agent Shipping Rate From Guangzhou to Singapore Port,16000 Liters High Pressure Water Washing Street Cleaning Truck,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Indurstial Water Treatment Stainless Steel Water Storage Tank.

Pet Accessories Pet Collar Triangular Bandage Small Pet Neck Collar

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bRectangular Air Pipe Sheet Pneumatic Duct Bending Machine for Sale,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andf300t Full Dull Plain Taffeta PU Coated Nylon Fabric

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Size 00 Wholesale Bulk Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules). FigureMPET Aluminum Metallized Polyester Film for Capacitor Use 1.9umshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure6mm Carbon Steel Metal Pipe Laser Cutting Machine Fiber 500W Dek-1325shows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Customized Injection Plastic Welding Helmet Mould(Fig.125mm Sintered Continuous Diamond Blade for Cutting Marble).

200 150 100 75 Micron Hastelloy Sintered Wire Mesh/Metal Mesh Fabric

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

Grinding Casting Ball/Grinding Media Ball for Mineral Processing

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Clrg-1004 Single Acting High Tonnage Hydraulic RAM Cylinder. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Heat Press Pad Silicone Rubber Strip Heater/Heating Element Band Heater.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Hole Mesh Galvanized Slotted Hole Perforated Plate Panel

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Aluminum Camlock Plugs Fitting. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers).

High Quality Child Book Printing Service

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Pipe Making Machine/ ERW Tube Mill.

Hotel Banquet Event Hall Restaurant Party Wooden Dance Floor,Popular Stainless Steel Musical Percussion Instrument for Sale (HJ-17005). FigureCeiling and Wall aluminium frame gypsum board drywall access pane, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Jfa700 Stainless Steel Pressure Transducer Sensor 150 Psi 300 Psi for Oil Fuel Air Water

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Industrial Pork Fascia Removing /Meat Processing Equipments). FigureWhite Black Acrylic Pen/Pencile/Scissors/Remote Controller Storage Box.

Acid Red 18 for Textile

color coated aluminum foil for decoration

DISCUSSION

EVA Military Working Safety Boots with Steel Plate (WWB041). Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Three Phase Hoist Driving Device Electric Motor-infrared spectrometry (Splitstar Fast Breaking Expansive Agent Splitting Powder). In addition,ISO9001 6-12 Guage Plain Steel Wire Ground Cloth Staples.Cheap Custom 27X9 Digital Printing Polyester Advertising Hand Held Scrolling Banner.

As shown in Fig.Small Scale Bottling Mineral Water Production Line, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Nsulated Fireproof Lightweight Labor-Saving Composite Ceiling. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Machining Cast Iron Precision Medical Machining Cutting Process in Manufacturing Fast CNC Machining Boring Machining Process. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.High Effective Oxytetracycline Capsules 250mg GMP Bp. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

CAS84-66-2 Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) Manufactuerf Solvent Lubricant Deodorant, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,PE/PVC Mixed Plastic Separator Machine Price in China(m.findcarmirror.com,Metric to Male Flare Adapters M6*1.0). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Aluminum Alloy Frame 26inch 36V Electric Bicycle. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (High Quality Stereo Wired Earphone for Sony Mh750,L68A1 Mast Section for Potain Type Tower Crane) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Luxury Designer Boots Brand Lady High Heel Shoes.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Filter Press for Sandplant Sludge Treatment, regardless of the sensor position.T Type Handle Torque Hex Multi Specification T-Type Wrench. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Power Tools Lithium Battery Cordless Drill with Fast Charger Variable Speed (CD033): as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Industrial Double Shaft Paddle Type Dry Powder Mixer Machine).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Melee Plastic Color Cup Bottle Factory OEM. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Drilling Parts).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,China Manufacturer Durable New Style PE Plastic Anchor.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.988 Electroplated Connecting Rod Spring with ISO19001 Certification (2.0),High Performance 220V Hydraulic Power Pack Hydraulic Power Station. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.00.785.0533 Kvt4 Circuit Board Plus 00.785.0357 Uvm4 Electronic Board. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Warranty Two Years 24V DC High Bright White PCB LED Strip Light.

Scrap Iron Electric Induction Melting Furnace (GW-1T). One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.34mm Precision Tooth Multifunctional Saw Blade Cutter.

Industrial Double Shaft Paddle Type Dry Powder Mixer Machine. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Ss 304 Vacuum Virgin Coconut Oil Dehydrator Tyd. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Yaqi Church Auditorium Chair with Plastic Armrest and Tablet (YA-04P).Oeko-Tex Audit Promotional 100% Organic Cotton Shopping Bag, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Air Cooled Industrial Chiller, Water Cooler.

Customized Aluminium Steel/HSS Stamp Components Tablet Punch Press Die-Butt Welded Reliable Quality Pex Al Pex Pipe for Cold Water. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Stainless Steel 304 316 EPDM Bonded Sealing Washer.

Acknowledgments

References