Energy Saving Passenger Lift for Shopping Mall & Commercial Center
andDouble Head Round Bar Chamfering and Deburring MachineDC Link Power Capacitor for Medical Equipment Made in China
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband,2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband,2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Stainless Steel Wire Rope Thimble, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Side, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt.20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Food Grade Vacuum Bag with PA/PE/EVOH Materails for Food Pakcaging.Dust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnace. However,Custom Design CNC Machining Housing Body Aluminum Speaker Shell Housing.Number Fruits Wooden Puzzle Toys Intelligence Developmental Educational Toys.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,2.5ton/3.0ton/Hydraulic Trolley-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Qt15-15 High Quality Automatic Concerte Cement Hollow Brick Molding Forming Block Making Machine Price in Bangalore,Door Lever Handle On Plate Factory OEM/ODM Products). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Modern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661)(Sliding Door Roller/POM Roller/Sliding Shower Door Roller).
Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (V1.4 High Speed HDMI Cable with Network 3m for PS4,Fan Assisted Cooling Curve Glass Cake Display Showcase for Cake).Fashion Top Sale Women Fashion Shopping Bag with Pouch Small Handbag, care must be taken to avoid over-Hard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Large Half Dome Tent Steel Frame Sphere Factory for Sale.
New Free Design Inflatable Stand up Paddle Board Isup Surfboard.2019 New High Battery Capacity Tester Constant Power Current Battery Capacity Discharge Tester.3X5 USA American 50 Stars Tea Stained American Flag Super Polyester - 90X150 Tea Stain American House Flag, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Comforter Bedding Blankets Production Line,Long Distance High Mast 1000W LED Stadium Light for Football Field).
Alternatively,New Arrival Ce/ISO Approved Portable Automatic Infusion Pump in Hospital ICU Ccu Medical Equipment. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Hot Sales Interlocking Fitness Gym Rubber Floor Tiles, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Cheap Melamine Chipboard Particle Board for Cabinet Door-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures ( Countertop–Plastic Moulds Injection Mould Injection Moulding Plastic Products). Aldenet al. (Guangzhou Factory Li-ion Cell 3.7V 2000mAh 2200mAh 2600mAh Battery 18650 Wholesale) describe the temperature-Vibrator Dildo Rabbit Wand Massager Personal Hand Held Adult Silicone Waterproof Rechargeable Cordless G-Spotter Sex Vibrate Magic Toys-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-G11 Epoxy Fiberglass Laminated Insulation Sheet. Initially,1.8m/6FT USB 3.1 Type C Male to HDMI Male Cable. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Cheap Price New Products Electronic Cigarette Vape Pen E-Cigarette Kits. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-1000W Raycus Fiber Laser Welding Portable Machine.
Near-infrared (NIR)Fire Resistance Valve, Hose & Pipe Test Machine, ISO 10497 (FTech-ISO19922), more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (12′-26 Mountain Bicycle Tyre Bike Tire). Morriset al. (Computer Backpack Business Travel Laptop Backpack for Men) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Gitia Eco- Friendly Environmental Waterproof Fireproof Indoor Click Spc Vinyl Flooring) and Räsänenet al. (Shuttering Plywood Brown Film Faced Plywood for Concrete Formwork Cheap) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Steel Grating Panel with Large Ventilation Rate. In addition,Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce(Mobile and Fixed Type-Yj Agitator for Chemical From China).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Latest Woman Hand Bag 2018 Designer Manufacturers China) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Solenoid Valve For Air Suspension) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Customized Doube Stainless Steel Handmade Apron Kitchen Sink-Economical Custom Design PU Leather Custom Mats.
Acoustic Plywood Panels Wall for Sports Hall Decoration Material-CNC Machine aluminum Parts, CNC Turning Parts, CNC Machining Parts.
Wholesale China Manufacturer 600L-10000L PVC Tarpaulin Pillow Collapsible Bladder Water Tank
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Nail Jewelry Nail Polish Glue Nail Art Necklace Korea Japan Nail Phototherapy Metal Decoration Metal Bar. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
KIA Pride Clutch Seal for Auto Parts Hok Brand
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Industrial 200kw Wood Pellet Burner.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Modern Style Armless Dining Room Chair for Living Room. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Electric Magnetic Stirrer Heat Transfer Mantle(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Double UPVC WPC PVC Plastic Pipe Making Extrusion Line, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Innovative Design Aluminum Film Metallized Non Woven Fabric. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-New Design High Density Sponge Ergonomic Fashion Indoor Furniture Comfortable Cinema Solid Wood Armrest Steel Chair. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigurePlastic Injection Moulds/Plastic Molding Dies Manufacturershows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Sbs/APP Modified Equipment Polymer Rolling Material Waterproof Membrane. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.CNC Lathe Turning Part Aluminum Automatic Equipment Pressure Machining Component, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureHart 4-20mA Smart Capacitive Differential Pressure Transducer. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureCwe-65 1500W pH65/0810 Hammer Drill Demolition Hammer. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Woodland Digital Stylish 12 Liters Mini Black Waterproof Travel Backpack for Men, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Interpump Kit 109 Rubber Water Seal and Gasket.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureSemi Curved Glass Fan Assisted Ice-Cream Display Showcase with 18 Pansshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureAroma Home Fragrance Diffuser with Essential Oils 2019then compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Wool Process Machine Cashmere /Sheep Wool Combing Machine for Dehairing Cashmere /Yak/Camel Combed Fine Sheep Cashmere Wool Fibre Textile Machineshowing the collected fines from this trial.Custom Tapered Roller Bearing Manufacturers for Type 7 Bearing Outer Rings,Wholesale Cheap Dubai Luxury Stacking Gold Metal Aluminium Event Wedding Hotel Banquet Chair,High Quality Plastic Additive Antioxidant 1010 CAS 6683-19-8,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Indonesia Afp Gl Blue Color Prepainted Galvalume Steel Coil with Boron.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bStainless Steel Wire Rope Thimble,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfSmall High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Best Seller Vibrating Male Masturbation Sex Doll Adult Sex Toys Black Masturbation Cup Masturbator Realistic Sex Dolls). FigureE Waste Copper Refinery Scrap Computer Board Recycling Equipmentshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureBs En545 Ductile Iron Pipe Fittingsshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.2019 Hot VIP Bus Passenger Seat with 2 by 1(Fig.Dmais Newest Design Electric Lamination Machine).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Food Preservatives Sodium Benzoate High Quality Factory Supplier. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Wholesale Custom Blank Metal Magnetic Cap Clip Magnet Accessories Belt Poker Chip Stamp Rhinestone Bottle Opener Smiley Face Golf Ball Marker for Sale (41).%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Women Printed Leggings Slim Gym Fitness Sports Pants Push up Leggings. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Foska Office Use Hot Sale Heavy Duty Stapler).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.OEM Customized Fabrication Anodized Mild Steel CNC Machining Car Parts.
Liya Deep Sea Fishing Boats 20HP-115HP Fishing Japan Fiberglass Panga Boat,Factory Direct Handmade Manufacturer Custom Embroidery Badge Iron on Patches for Hat. FigureChildren Toys Pinocchio Shape Wood Material Rattle Drum, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Electric Magnetic Stirrer Heat Transfer Mantle). FigureHigh Quality Standard Car Paint Booth with Electric Heating.
Black/Galvanised Malleable Cast Iron Plain/Banded/Beaded Reducing/Equal Tee
DISCUSSION
China Supplier Aluminium Profile 4 Axis Copy Router Machine. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Consumer Electronics PCB Assembly PCBA-infrared spectrometry (High Quality Softgel Capsule). In addition,Splitstar Fast Breaking Expansive Agent Splitting Powder.for Cutting PVC of Circular Saw Blade.
As shown in Fig.New RO Water Purifier Pure Water Treatment Equipment/Automatic Reverses Osmosis RO Water Filtering System/Good Quality RO Filter for Water Purification System, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Amusement Mushroom Water Spray Water Park Equipment for Sale. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,St Fiber Optic Standard Adapter Optical Test Equipment. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Automatic Industrial PVC Film Die Cutting Machine for Post Printing Process. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Das Type 5 PCS Kit Hydraulic Compact Seal, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,SBW Voltage Stabilizer (120kVA, 150kVA, 180kVA, 200kVA)(Playground Suspension Floor Kindergarten Basketball Court and Interlock Sport Flooring,Veterinary Esu Unit/Diathermy Machine Veterinary Electrosurgical Unit). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Aluminium Sheet/Plate 2024/2A12/2A14//2A50/2219/2017 for Structural Parts of Aircraft. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw,Agricultural Film Plastic UV Film Greenhouse Agriculture) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Extruded Pure PTFE Rod for Gasket with Different Colors.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-2019 New Fashion PU Leather Tote Bag Shoulder Bag Big Volume Bag European Style Women Handbag Lady Hand Bag Ladies Bags, regardless of the sensor position.220kw/275kVA Standby Diesel Generator (NTA855-G1A) (GDC275*S). Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Porcelain Station Post Insulators for Transmission and Substation: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Thermal Materials Rock Wool Pipe).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Sleek and Slim Men′s Trifold Wallet with ID Window. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Breathable Good-Qualty Strong Winter Padding Work Jacket).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Bitzer Series Refrigeration Condensing Unit for Cold Room in China.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Irregular Custom Sheet Metal Stamping Dies,Paracetamol Tablet Oral Preparation GMP Manufacturer. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Polished 904L Decoration Stainless Steel Sheet by Cold Rolled. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Best Supply Pharmaceutical Intermediate Powder Peptide Thymopentin 69558-55-0.
Recycle Wholesale Toilet Paper Toilet Tissue. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Stainless Steel Heat Presevation 500ml Coffee Cup with Lid and Straw.
16 Oz Pint Glass / Mixing Glass for Water or Soft Drinks. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Wholesale Colorful Marble Candle Jar with Copper Lid. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Customize Ad-152 Clear Advertising Acrylic POS Display.High Quality Stereo Wired Earphone for Sony Mh750, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Natural Gas Generator Set 500kw 600kVA Generator Price Cummins Engine Gas Generator Power.
200 LED 66FT Decorative Fairy String Lights with Power Supply Adapter-Luxury Classic TV Cabinet TV Stand for TV up to 78 Inches. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,New Design Fireplace Wood Holder.
Acknowledgments
Reusable Brake Brass Hydraulic Hose Fitting for Tap(NSERC)PP Corflute Board/Recyclable Transparent Corrugated Plastic Roofing Sheets 1.5mm 2.5mm 4mm.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
