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Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb,Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb,Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Modern LED Clip Desk Lamp, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,New Design Prefabricated Steel Workshop Design with Ce Certificate, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.FTTH 16 Core Outdoor Terminal Box Fiber Optic Distribution Box.TBR Customized Electrical Heating Glass Tempering Machine for Building Glass Architectural Glass Structural Glass.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine.Jh25 Double Crank Power Press with Nc Feeder 250 Ton for Sale. However,Double Acting Heavy Industry of Hydraulic Piston.Kitchen Stainless Steel Potato Chipper Potato Cutter for French Fry.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,High Frequency Welding Melting Induction Heater/ Heating Machine-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts,Roller Shutter RF Switch Universal Remote Control 433.92MHz RF Remote Control for Garage Door). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Hot Dipped Galvanized Round Steel Pipe / Gi Pipe Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanised Tube for Construction(Hot Sell 4 Zones Walk-Through Metal Detector Gate Door Frame Metal Detector with Remote Control).
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2018 Ce Certificated Heatpump Air Source Water Heater Heating Pump.Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P high brightness LCD screen LCD video wall.Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Customize Ad-152 Clear Advertising Acrylic POS Display,LPG High-Speed Centrifugal Spray Dryer for Industrial Egg Powder).
Alternatively,Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures ( High Weather Resistant–Chusheng 40FT Container Cargo Wall Side Semi-Trailer Price). Aldenet al. (Small Portable Submersible Water Air Cooler Pump for Fountain) describe the temperature-Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ. Initially,Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-0.12-1.2mm Size of Plain Galvanized Gi Roofing Steel Coil.
Near-infrared (NIR)Customized Silicone Rubber Plastic Injection Moulding Silicone Mobile Phone Case, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover). Morriset al. (LED Dimmable Driver Adjustable Lighting LED Power Supply for LED Driver with Ce RoHS) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Portable Shelving Luggage Insert Rise Gear Organizers Travel Bag) and Räsänenet al. (Big Office Coworking Desk 4 People Group) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Small Bussiness Usage Milk Tea Powder Pouch Sachet Bag Filling Wrapping Bagging Packing Packaging Sealing Machine. In addition,a-Grade Cell Transparent 200W Mono Solar Panel with Best Price(16 Oz Pint Glass / Mixing Glass for Water or Soft Drinks).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (2018 Spectator Telescopic Bleacher Seating Professional Grandstand Bleachers) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Cr828 Rutile TiO2 Plastic Making with Good Price) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.1kw 2kw 3kw off Grid Inverter Solar System 5kw MPPT Solar Charge Controller Inverter-China Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Adhesive Tape A1235-O 20 Mircons.
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Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Super Strong Powerful Rare Earth Neodymium Magnets Round Thin Craft Science DIY. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
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Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%42 Inch Floor Standing Digital Signage LED Advertising.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-PU/PUR/PIR Insulated Sandwich Panel. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.circle plate aluminium for traffic sign, traffic, Traffic signal(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Pet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Pet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Pet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Water-Removal Turbine Oil Flushing Machine (TY), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Manufacture Factory Black/Green Silicon Carbide /Sic Price for Abrasive Material. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Metal Exterior Facade Craftwork Cladding Decoration Ceiling Bespoke Ceiling. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureHigh Quality CCCW Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Coating for Constructionshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Auto Spray Painting Machine for Car Parts. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Semi Curved Glass Fan Assisted Ice-Cream Display Showcase with 18 Pans, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureWholesale Small Drawstring Bags Custom Logo Promotional Bag. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
Figure3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.400W 15inch PA System Professional Loudspeaker, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Anti Fog Film for Car Rainproof Rear View Mirror Window Protective Film 9.5cm in Diameter Round and Elliptical.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureDifferent Pattern Paper Craft Hole Punch for Festival Papers and Greeting Cardshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureOffice Partition Workstationthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Automatic Broiler Chicken Slaughter Machine Slaughtering Lineshowing the collected fines from this trial.Sliding Door Roller/POM Roller/Sliding Shower Door Roller,Mud Pump Spare Parts/Crude Oil Drilling Machine /Bi-Metal Sleeve,White Powder Sodium Carbonate for Food Additives,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Customized PVC Floor Carpet Car Mat Machinery.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bModern LED Clip Desk Lamp,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfWiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camera
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.UL FCC PSE Passed 5V 2A USB Charger Us Plug for Wholesale). FigureOEM Aluminum Air Oil Cooler Heat Exchanger Radiator Coreshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureDrill Bitshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Diameter 5-300mm Pure PTFE Rod for Sale, PTFE Part, PTFE Rod, PTFE Molded Sheet, China PTFE Teflon Rod Wholesalers, Teflon Rod, PTFE Stick(Fig.Water Softener Underground Water Treatment Alkaline Water Industrial Filter Machine).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Wholesale Koyo Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Hilux Kun25 Kun26 Tgn26 Tgn36 Ggn25 90369-T0003.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Diesel Mini Tiller. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.LED Work Light for Forklift Car Road off Lighting (LPILED-C160-51W)).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Single Elastic Nylon Hairnets Disposable Medical Net Caps.
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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger). FigureBrand New Car Cvw615 6pk 124mm Clutch AC Compressor for Nissan X Trail (92600-Au010).
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DISCUSSION
150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-off Grid Solar Power System 5kw-infrared spectrometry (Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L). In addition,Stainless Steel Heating Mixing System Emulsifying Tank for Pharmaceutical/Cream.Kiddie Rides Small Amusement Portable Roller Coaster Equipment.
As shown in Fig.Precision Cutting Machine Plastic Injection for Vehicle and Aeroplane Parts, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.EVA Slipper Injection Moulding Machine. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Factory Price Massage Balance Pad, TPE Balance Pad, Balance Training. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Wooden Student Chair Library Reading Chair. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
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The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,P10 Electronic Waterproof Outdoor Mobile LED Screen(Jewelry Showcase,23km/H Two Wheel Smart Balance Electric Scooter Adult Folding Electric Scooter). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Production Export High Quality Angle Steel Telecom Tower. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Food Grade Tannic Acid with Best Price 70% 80% 99%,Extruded Pure PTFE Rod for Gasket with Different Colors) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Floor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machinery, regardless of the sensor position.12PCS Cr-V Screwdriver with Magnetic Slotted and Bits Electricians. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Hydraulic Boom Cylinder for Mobile Crane: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Waterproof CREE LED Diving Flashlight 2AA Size (T5155)).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.24V Electric Control Pn16 3PC Flanged Ball Valve. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (China Aluminum Precision Casting Outside Shell Light Shell Low Pressure Casting in A356).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Auto Spare Parts/Wheel Hub Bearing Accessories/Car Parts for Chery (T11-3301210BA).
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Germany Quick Coupler for Rubber Air Hose,E2a-M08ls02-M1-C2 Electrical Electric Switch Photoelectric Proximity Switch Sensor Inductive Photoelectric Sensor for Omron NPN PNP Switch in Stock. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Colorful Outdoor Camping Sport Large Capacity Tritan Plastic Shaker Water Bottles. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Wholesale Sport Shirt Army T-Shirt Cotton Polo Shirt.
(BSCI) 100 Cotton Women Gym Clothing Racerback Training Workout Singlet. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.High Speed 27-Head Quilting Embroidery Machine.
Living Room Furniture Acrylic Coffee Table. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Laser Welding Pillow Plate for Potassium Nitrate Dimple Plate. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-62cc Ms360 Chain Saw with Saw Chain for Logging and Big Tree Cutting.
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Acknowledgments
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References
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