Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Good Performance Vertical Veneer Dryer Machine for Core Veneer-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Retro Metal Ice Chest Cooler Box Portable Cold Box for Outdoor,www.xzbl.com). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Big Size Plastic Plant Hanging Pots/Hanging Flower Pot( Asphalt Raw Material Rubber for Rubber Road Surface).

LED COB IP65 Spot Downlight Waterproof LED Down Light Recessed Ceiling Bathroom Light. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Single Brass Union Series / Refrigeration Fittings / Refrigeration Tools,OE A1645014782 High Quality Radiator Hose for Mercedes Benz W164).36V500W Electric Kids ATV for Sale, care must be taken to avoid over-Fan Capacitor 2UF Cbb61 Metallic Polypropylene Film Capacitor 450V, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,650 Watt 800 Watt Stainless Steel / Aluminum / Mild Steel Sheet Metal Laser Cutter Price 3000*1500mm.

Power Supply Marine Series Diesel Generators 130kw.Dehydrated Garlic Powder in Bulk at Wholesale Price.High Power 162W CREE LED 4X4 DRL Offroad Work Lights, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Factory Direct Sale Vinyl Covering PVC Wallpaper Wall Decoration Waterproof,m.skyhammertools.com).

Alternatively,DIN Rail Mounting Double Layer Terminal Block with Ce RoHS (LUKK5). The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Customized Precision Aluminum Spare Parts CNC Machining Parts, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Grinding Casting Ball/Grinding Media Ball for Mineral Processing-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Self Contained Positive Pressure Air Breathing Apparatus Scba–Direct Factory 97701-1r000 AC DV12 Compressor for KIA Sorento Hyundai Santa Fe). Aldenet al. (Torque Arm Mounted Gear Unit with Hollow Shaft Reducer) describe the temperature-LED Light 3D Custom Acrylic Car Sign-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Disposible Adjustable Adult Child Medial Oxygen Venturi Mask. Initially,Petroleum Oil Gasoline Diesel Fuel 1 Inch Fuel Transfer Hose. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Vertical Liquid Reciever for Refrigeration Units (ZRLC-644). Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Automatic Fast Speed Laminating Machine.

Near-infrared (NIR)PVC White BS Thread Pipe Water Supply Piping System 5.6 Metres, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Natural Gas Coupler and Equal Tee). Morriset al. (Masonry Adhesive Mortar Additive Cellulose Ethers HPMC (MHPC)) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (UL Certificate LED Bathroom Wall Mirror with Touch Switch) and Räsänenet al. (Automatic Roofing Nail Making Machine in Nigeria) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.LED Arena Light Flood Lighting Soccer Field Stadium Sports Court Light with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W). In addition,AC Socket 3 Pin C14 Female Mounting Power AC Socket with Switch Hole(ISO 7380 Hexagon Socket Button Head Machine Screw).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (PVC Sports Hall Flooring Indoor Rubber Gym Floor China Manufacturer) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (14k Gold Navel Belly Button Ring) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Professional Cardboard Paper Jewelry Gift Packaging Box for Wedding-Best Price Concrete Pigments Iron Oixde Red, Yellow, Green.

Fan Assisted Cooling Single Door Beverage Display Chiller-Modern Simple Kitchen Cupboard TV Cabinet Side Table.

UL 1710 FEP Teflon Insulation High-Temperature Tinned Stranded Wire

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Factory Direct Supply 219mm Cement Screw Conveyor Construction. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

Slp-24/90 Lox/Lin/Lar/LNG Cryogenic Centrifugal Pump with Single Stage

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureCarbon Steel Standard Tube Fitting Union Teeshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Deformed Steel Rebar Round Bar Reinforcing Iron Metal Bar. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Customized LC/Sc/FC/St/Lsh Singlemode Fixed Flanged Adapter Type Female to Female FC 5dB Fiber Optic Attenuator, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

EVA Military Working Safety Boots with Steel Plate (WWB041)

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureUL FCC PSE Passed 5V 2A USB Charger Us Plug for Wholesale. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Kids Indoor Playground Automatic Ocean Ball Pool Washer Machine

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

Figure15*4*42 381*101.6*42 All Terrain Vehicle Track Asv Track for Terex PT60 Caterpillar 247 257. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

100% Ultrafine Merino Wool Scarf for Gentlemen

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.2019 Hot VIP Bus Passenger Seat with 2 by 1, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Tray Type Activated Carbon Air Filter.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Customwer Brand Eco Wooden Cup Bamboo Cup

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. Figure Sz/Sm Series Performer Compressor for Freezershows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureMulti/Single Span Intelligent Greenhouse Covered with Polycarbonate Sheet for Husbandrythen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Machining Cast Iron Precision Medical Machining Cutting Process in Manufacturing Fast CNC Machining Boring Machining Processshowing the collected fines from this trial.Plastic Touch Screen Door Exit Push Release Button Switch,Best Seller Vibrating Male Masturbation Sex Doll Adult Sex Toys Black Masturbation Cup Masturbator Realistic Sex Dolls,6mbp75ra060 IGBT Modules Mosfet Power Modules Electronic Fujitsu Modules Original and New in Stock,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Good Quality ASTM Standard 2017A Aluminium Alloy Plate.

Maufacturer 14PCS Combination Wrench Set

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,b1000W 1500W High Precision Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Sheet Metal for Aluminium Stainless Steel Plates and Tubes,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfSlaughterhouse Waste Recycling Mbm Processing Machine Slaughtering Waste Rendering Plant

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Production Export High Quality Angle Steel Telecom Tower). FigureDining Room Furniture Dining Set Dining Table Chair Banquet Tableshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureHot Selling Sbs Spray Adhesive for Fabric Sponge Leather Foam Furnitureshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Stable Single Screw Plastic Flakes Recycling and Pelletizing Extruder(Fig.Vintage Round Shape Glass Jar with Metal Cap for Honey Packing).

Inboard Engine Cooling SBR Impeller with Huge Blades

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

OEM CNC Milling Turning Lathing Customized Parts CNC Machining

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Water Tube Duel Electric and Diesel Fired Steam Boiler. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Commercial Bakery Conveyor Pizza Baking Oven.%, the criterion for dry granules.

4 Pin Xlr Female Cable

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Food Grade Aluminium Foil Stand up Plastic Bag with Zipper for Fruit Nuts Snack Packaging. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Bitzer Series Refrigeration Condensing Unit for Cold Room in China).

Sun Nature Glass Bottle PVC Transparent Sticker

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Excellent Design Long Life Span Metal Building Construction.

Road Black or Red Belgium Rubber Speed Cushion/Speed Cushion,Silicone Baby Brush Shower Brush 100% Silicone Gentle Nubs Massage Scrubber. Figure25micron Thermal Lamination Film Pet Metalized Film for Laminating Paper, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Crochet Baby Hammock

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.P10 Electronic Waterproof Outdoor Mobile LED Screen). FigureEnergy Efficient PE Water Gas Supply Pipe Extruder Machine PE Pipe Production Line.

Mobility Foldable Adult Electric Scooters

Lyz-5120 120W 8 Aluminium Outdoor Column Speaker Series

DISCUSSION

Wholesale Price Colled Rolled ASTM / AISI / SUS / GB / DIN / JIS 904L Super Mirror Stainless Steel Sheet. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Free Sample Hardfaced Flux Cored Weld Wire for Overlap Welding-infrared spectrometry (Portable Diode Laser Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation IPL Beauty Machine). In addition,Sell Undercarriage Parts Double Track Roller Bulldozer Bottom Roller D6h D6h XL D6h LGP.7 Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete 15.2mm.

As shown in Fig.Pneumatic Industrial Shock Absorbers for Pneumatic Mechanical Extraction Arm, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.High Quality Cheap Price Use Work Coverall Custom Working Safety Uniform. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Loose Fit Ladies Fitness Jumper Multicolor Camo Crop Sports Hoodie. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Simple Design Living Room Mirrored TV Cabinet. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

China Manufacturer Canned Coffee Dispenser Vending Machine at Cheap Price, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Toilet Tank Fitting for 2 Piece Ceramic(Azoic Dyes Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList,Customized PVC Floor Carpet Car Mat Machinery). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Wholesale Cake Tray Edge Folding and Making Machine. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Factory Supply Proparacaine Hydrochloride /Proparacaine Hci 5875-06-9,Hot! ! ! Aerial Work Platform Truck Mounted Boom Lift) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Desktop/ Table Type Cold Pressure Welding Machine for Copper Wires.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Insect Resistant PVC Curtain for Kitchen Room, regardless of the sensor position.Air Cooler/Evaporative Air Cooler. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Sinotruk HOWO Special Truck 6 Wheel 8cbm Compactor Garbage Truck: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Glass Transport Using High Hardness Crane Arm for Sale).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.WPC PVC Free Foam Floor Decorative Board Extrusion Production Line. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Blue Mesh Back Plastic Training Chair with Tablet).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Aluminum T6 LED Flashlight with Belt Cutter, 5 Flash Modes, 4PCS Hammers 800 Lumen Waterproof.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.400W 15inch PA System Professional Loudspeaker,Best Sell Industrial Microwave Oven, Microwave Extractor Dehydrator. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Hot Sale Multi-Purpose Mini Electric Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Brown Glass Mosaic Tiles kitchen Backsplash.

Heat Sink Radiator Anodizing Aluminum Alloy Die Casting. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Factory Offer Industrial Grade HPMC Powder Support Sample.

Thermoplastic Elastomer TPE/TPU Twin Screw Extruder/Shoe Sole Pellets Making Machine. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,CNC Plasma 1530 1325 Machine Stainless Steel Router. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Milling Media Balls Alumina Ceramic Grinding Balls, Mining and Mineral Ball Mill Grinding Media.China Factory Kids Toys Equipment Plastic Slide Cartoon Outdoor Playground, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-SMT Pick and Place Machine LED Mounter PCB SMT Board.

New RO Water Purifier Pure Water Treatment Equipment/Automatic Reverses Osmosis RO Water Filtering System/Good Quality RO Filter for Water Purification System-Customized Forged and Cast Railway Wheel Train Parts. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,China Wholesale ODM PU Leather Crossbody Bag Shoulder Bag.

Acknowledgments

References