Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,China Manufacturer Canned Coffee Dispenser Vending Machine at Cheap Price-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Comfortable Design Body Massage Bath Brush for Dry Brushing,Kids Intellectual Toys Plastic Baby Toys (H9327205)). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Toilet Tank Fitting for 2 Piece Ceramic(Rechargeable Lithium LiFePO4 Li-ion Battery for Electronic Scooter).

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Alternatively,400W 15inch PA System Professional Loudspeaker. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Best Sell Industrial Microwave Oven, Microwave Extractor Dehydrator, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Hot Sale Multi-Purpose Mini Electric Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (High Quality Ce&Eac Certificated AC Contactor–Sanitaryware Parts Metal Rubber Bonding Mechanical Seal). Aldenet al. (Outdoor Gas Insulated Ring Main Unit) describe the temperature-Brown Glass Mosaic Tiles kitchen Backsplash-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Heat Sink Radiator Anodizing Aluminum Alloy Die Casting. Initially,Factory Offer Industrial Grade HPMC Powder Support Sample. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Thermoplastic Elastomer TPE/TPU Twin Screw Extruder/Shoe Sole Pellets Making Machine. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-CNC Plasma 1530 1325 Machine Stainless Steel Router.

Near-infrared (NIR)Milling Media Balls Alumina Ceramic Grinding Balls, Mining and Mineral Ball Mill Grinding Media, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Hydraulic Cylinder for Car dump Truck with CE Certificate). Morriset al. (js-minglian) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Rectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containers) and Räsänenet al. (Back Invisible Hunchback Orthopedic Strap/ Belt) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.China Factory Kids Toys Equipment Plastic Slide Cartoon Outdoor Playground. In addition,SMT Pick and Place Machine LED Mounter PCB SMT Board(New Style roll forming machine 2018 Iron Sheet Roofing).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (for RGB LED Strip DC12V/24V LED Strip Controller RGB Amplifier) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Ice Cream Chest Freezer) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.New RO Water Purifier Pure Water Treatment Equipment/Automatic Reverses Osmosis RO Water Filtering System/Good Quality RO Filter for Water Purification System-Customized Forged and Cast Railway Wheel Train Parts.

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Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.2017 Wholesale Custom Printed Medal for Festival. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

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Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureDust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnaceshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Lifud Driver CREE LED Chip 100W COB LED Ceiling Lamp Down Lighting. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Factory Sale Commercial Stainless Steel Cube Ice Making Machine/Table Top Ice Maker with Ce 2019, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

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Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureAluminum Sheet / Aluminum Plate 1050 1060 1100 3003 5052 6061 6063. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

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Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureThree Phase Pfc Power Factor Correction Capacitor Bank (PFC-600kvar/400V). The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

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Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Big Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe Fittings Butt Welded Galvanized Pipe End Cap, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.2 Ton Electric Chain Hoist with Electric Monorail Trolley.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

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Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureHeavy Duty Protection Dual Layer TPU&PC Hybrid Case Cover with Card Holder&Magnet Metal Plate for iPhone 7/iPhone 8shows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. Figuretunnelcutter.comthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Good Performance Vertical Veneer Dryer Machine for Core Veneershowing the collected fines from this trial.Stainless Steel/Enamel Welded Wire Mesh BBQ Grill Grates/Grid,ASTM A106 Gr. B 6 Ich Sch40 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe,Venlo Single Layer Glass Covering Greenhouse for Vegetable Flower Planting,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Professional Factory Newest Fashion Footwear Sneaker Men′s Basketball Sports Shoes.

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Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bEnergy Efficient PE Water Gas Supply Pipe Extruder Machine PE Pipe Production Line,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfMechanical Seal John Crane 2100

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Fan Assisted Cooling Single Door Beverage Display Chiller). FigureHot Sale Tire Inflator Digital Tire Pressure Sensor for All Tiresshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureBeverage Carbonated Drink CSD Pet Bottle Plastic Injection Preform Moldshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Automobile Electric Products Conductive Spring Sheet(Fig.Acoustical Ceiling Panel Fire Rated Access Panel).

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Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

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Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Honeywell Room Thermostat for Central Air-Conditioning T6373A1108. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:S11 Serie Green Sand Mixer.%, the criterion for dry granules.

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Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.201 304 Inox Tube Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube Mirror Polished. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.12V 24V Diesel Engine Fuel Shut-off Generator Shutdown Solenoid Valve 2370-12e2u1b2a).

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Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.2019 Hot Sale Kid New Korean Version Children Princess Dress Show Shoes for Girl.

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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.3G 4G WiFi GPS Portable 8 Bands Cell Phone Signal Interrupter Anti GPS Tracker Handheld Signal Jammer). FigureCe Approved of Professional, Supplier 1200 Degree Protective Atmosphere Heat Treatment Furnace.

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DISCUSSION

Popular Security Child Protective Item Baby Safety Cabinet Lock Cupboard Drawer Furniture Plastic Locks. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Latest Woman Hand Bag 2018 Designer Manufacturers China-infrared spectrometry (Sponge Contour Cutting Machine for Furniture Industry). In addition,Sdlg Air Conditioner Compressor 4130000420 for Loader LG936 LG946L LG956.Top Quality CAS 28319-77-9 Alpha GPC 50% Powder Price.

As shown in Fig.Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.HS-M901K Air Brush Nail Kit. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,PVC Frontlit Flex Banner (LFG55/440). A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.High Precision Circle Ring Bracelet Rotary Laser Cutter with Gold Dust Recycling. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

19mm 100% Mulberry Silk Fitted Sheet 4PCS Bedding Set Oeko-Tex100, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Nkis Bearing Radial Needle Roller Bearing with Inner Ring(4 Contacts Stereo Jack Mj-079,New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,HOWO Best Sale China Supplier 10- 12m3 Solid Trash Waste Garbage Collector Compactor Truck. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure,HOWO Best Sale China Supplier 10- 12m3 Solid Trash Waste Garbage Collector Compactor Truck) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Low Price Products Vitamin a Acetate Food Additive.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Ice Crusher Ice Block Shaving Machine Ice Crushing Machine, regardless of the sensor position.200 150 100 75 Micron Hastelloy Sintered Wire Mesh/Metal Mesh Fabric. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Dining Room Furniture Dining Set Dining Table Chair Banquet Table: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Wholesale Bamboo Charcoal Sisal SPA Pad Shower Bath Sponge Klb-089. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (skrscale).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Home Decoration Joint Filler Glitter.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Concrete Wall Making Machine Automatic Brick Making Machine for Sale,Horizontal Pearl Mills for Paint, Coating, Inks, Pigment Grinding. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.E466 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose CMC. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Semi-Automatic Interlocking Brick Machine Prices for Kazakhstan/Tajikistan/Kyrgyzstan.

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CONCLUSIONS

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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Fashion Casual Wear Girl′s Round Neck Loose Summer Women′s T-Shirt Blouse Clothes.

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Acknowledgments

References