Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Cashew Pine Nut Peanut Ground Nut Cleaning Machine-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Industrial Double Shaft Paddle Type Dry Powder Mixer Machine,Maize Corn Posho Grinding Mill Machine). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Mdst Modular Kit for Steel Wall Mount Box(off Grid Solar Power System 3kw).

Android7.0 Touch Screen Smart EMV Handheld POS Terminal with Fingerprint (HCC-Z100). It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List, Hospital Price).2018 Ce Certificated Heatpump Air Source Water Heater Heating Pump, care must be taken to avoid over-Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P high brightness LCD screen LCD video wall, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet.

Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator.Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow.50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Nkis Bearing Radial Needle Roller Bearing with Inner Ring,Cooking Bib Aprons Adjustable Cotton Cute Polka DOT Aprons with Extra Long Ties and 2 Pockets for Kitchen).

Alternatively,Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Private Label Fitness Wear 2020 New Fashion Women T-Shirt Custom Yoga Wear Women Gym Top Short Sleeve–Labor Saving Plastic Egg Basket Washing Machine Tray Cleaning Machine). Aldenet al. (Modern LED Clip Desk Lamp) describe the temperature-D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-0.12-1.2mm Size of Plain Galvanized Gi Roofing Steel Coil. Initially,Customized Silicone Rubber Plastic Injection Moulding Silicone Mobile Phone Case. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Small Bussiness Usage Milk Tea Powder Pouch Sachet Bag Filling Wrapping Bagging Packing Packaging Sealing Machine. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-a-Grade Cell Transparent 200W Mono Solar Panel with Best Price.

Near-infrared (NIR)1kw 2kw 3kw off Grid Inverter Solar System 5kw MPPT Solar Charge Controller Inverter, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Smart WiFi Plug APP Control Universal Socket Yet6004wf). Morriset al. (m.kseidon.com) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Hot Sale PVC Coated Galvanized 3D Curvel Welded Wire Mesh Fence) and Räsänenet al. (Fashionable High Quality Garment Accessories Embroidery Patchs) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.China Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Adhesive Tape A1235-O 20 Mircons. In addition,Yangtze Mini Design Wind Turbine and Solar Panel Hybrid System 1000W(Energy Saving Passenger Lift for Shopping Mall & Commercial Center).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Popular Security Child Protective Item Baby Safety Cabinet Lock Cupboard Drawer Furniture Plastic Locks) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (USB Type C) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator-Disposable PP/SMS Protective Coverall Workwear.

China Good Supplier High Absorbent Lady Soft Sanitary Napkin Manufacturer-42 Inch Floor Standing Digital Signage LED Advertising.

PU/PUR/PIR Insulated Sandwich Panel

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.High Quality Ball Stopper Plunger with Spring for Pump. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

Ultra Portable 10000mAh Power Banks with LED Smart Displays

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureRotary Screener for Wood Shavingsshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Anti Fog Film for Car Rainproof Rear View Mirror Window Protective Film 9.5cm in Diameter Round and Elliptical, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

Metalizing Vacuum Coating Machine for Caps

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureSliding Door Roller/POM Roller/Sliding Shower Door Roller. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Chinese Style Knife

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureMud Pump Spare Parts/Crude Oil Drilling Machine /Bi-Metal Sleeve. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Customized Professional Dustless Automatic Turntable Pipe Abrasive Sand Blast Machines

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.White Powder Sodium Carbonate for Food Additives.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

EDTA-Zn with High Quality and Competitive Price

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureFloor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machineryshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureBar Lcd Displaythen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Seated Row Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment 7016showing the collected fines from this trial.Customized PVC Floor Carpet Car Mat Machinery,WiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camera,Diameter 5-300mm Pure PTFE Rod for Sale, PTFE Part, PTFE Rod, PTFE Molded Sheet, China PTFE Teflon Rod Wholesalers, Teflon Rod, PTFE Stick,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Wholesale Koyo Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Hilux Kun25 Kun26 Tgn26 Tgn36 Ggn25 90369-T0003.

Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bTBR Customized Electrical Heating Glass Tempering Machine for Building Glass Architectural Glass Structural Glass,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfSingle Elastic Nylon Hairnets Disposable Medical Net Caps

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.100W Die-Casting UFO LED High Bay Light). FigureColorful BPA Free PP Shaker Bottleshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureStainless Steel Frameless Sliding Shower Glass Door Shower Enclosureshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Ultrasonic Welding Equipment for Truck Batteries Sealing(Fig.1-6mm Clear Sheet Glass Mirror for Makeup/Dressing/Furniture/Cabinet).

Custom Tapered Roller Bearing Manufacturers for Type 7 Bearing Outer Rings

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

Hotel

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Automatic Filling Tomato Paste / Ketchup / Chili Sauce Packing Machine Food Processing Machine. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Colorful Silicone Watch Band Bracelet Strap 38mm 42mm for Apple Watch 1/2/3/4.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Etd34 SMD Type High Frequency SMPS Transformer for Industrial Equipments

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.G-800A/800b/1080A Automatic Box Window Film Sticking Machine. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.10W/13W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Light for Coffee Shop/Cafe/Restaurant).

Made in China 500 kVA Diesel Generator

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Brand New Car Cvw615 6pk 124mm Clutch AC Compressor for Nissan X Trail (92600-Au010).

Semi Automatic Pet Blow Moulding Machine Price Blow Moulding Machine,150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel. FigurePromotion Carton Knife and Opener, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Soft Close Undermount Slide with Plastic Lock (SY-2001)

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Clear Toughened Glass Pool Fence). Figureoff Grid Solar Power System 5kw.

3mm/6mm/9mm Packing Plywood with Cheap Price

Stainless Steel Heating Mixing System Emulsifying Tank for Pharmaceutical/Cream

DISCUSSION

Kiddie Rides Small Amusement Portable Roller Coaster Equipment. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-EVA Slipper Injection Moulding Machine-infrared spectrometry (High Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape). In addition,Factory Price Massage Balance Pad, TPE Balance Pad, Balance Training.Wooden Student Chair Library Reading Chair.

As shown in Fig.High Precision Stick Film Patching Machine, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Junyuan Heart Shape Lady Hand Makeup Bag for Women. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,P10 Electronic Waterproof Outdoor Mobile LED Screen. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Production Export High Quality Angle Steel Telecom Tower. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Floor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machinery(Inner Tube / Outer Tube Wrench Core Drilling Tool,Hardening Agent Foaming Agent for Foam Concrete). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,12PCS Cr-V Screwdriver with Magnetic Slotted and Bits Electricians. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Latest Sex Lady Doll Love Sex Face,Plastic Spoon for Yogurt/Yoghourt/Food (LY-H017)) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Hydraulic Boom Cylinder for Mobile Crane.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-24V Electric Control Pn16 3PC Flanged Ball Valve, regardless of the sensor position.Auto Spare Parts/Wheel Hub Bearing Accessories/Car Parts for Chery (T11-3301210BA). Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Germany Quick Coupler for Rubber Air Hose: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Deformed Steel Rebar Round Bar Reinforcing Iron Metal Bar).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.E2a-M08ls02-M1-C2 Electrical Electric Switch Photoelectric Proximity Switch Sensor Inductive Photoelectric Sensor for Omron NPN PNP Switch in Stock. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Sc to Sc Sx Om4 Fiber Optic Adapter with Flange).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Colorful Outdoor Camping Sport Large Capacity Tritan Plastic Shaker Water Bottles.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Wholesale Sport Shirt Army T-Shirt Cotton Polo Shirt,(BSCI) 100 Cotton Women Gym Clothing Racerback Training Workout Singlet. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.High Speed 27-Head Quilting Embroidery Machine. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Living Room Furniture Acrylic Coffee Table.

Laser Welding Pillow Plate for Potassium Nitrate Dimple Plate. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Anti-Static Biker Sports Jackets & Motorbike Sports Jacket.

Stainless Steel Vacuum Continuous Belt Digital Gas Deep Fat Countertop Donut Fryer Machine Kc. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,62cc Ms360 Chain Saw with Saw Chain for Logging and Big Tree Cutting. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Best Selling AV Wall Plate Female to Female Faceplate for Smart Home.Thermal Materials Rock Wool Pipe, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-steel Tape Armor Outdoor Fiber Optical Cable Duct Direct Burial.

Big Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe Fittings Butt Welded Galvanized Pipe End Cap-Open Toe Half Foot Fashion New Design Lady Yoga Socks. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Crucible Stainless Steel Curb Chain Bracelet.

Acknowledgments

References