Tell World China Supply Square 8 Seat Restaurant Dining Table
Objective Lenses (f200/f250/f300) Dental Microscope for Surgical /China Dental Microscope Msl20t4
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan,Tructured Cabling High Density 19 Inch 1u CAT6A STP Patch Panel 48 Ports Dual IDC
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan,Tructured Cabling High Density 19 Inch 1u CAT6A STP Patch Panel 48 Ports Dual IDC
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Electronic Interlock Pass Box for Lab Equipment, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,FRP Pultrusion Pipe Mould, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Carbide Wire Drawing Dies/Tungsten Carbide Cold Heading Dies.Diesel Mini Tiller, Cultivator.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Playground Flooring Suspension Floor for Kindergarten Basketball Court.21.5 Inch Capacitive Touch Screens for Touch Kiosk Monitors. However,Children Day Backpack Customized Primary School Bags.A1 A2 A3 Direct DTG Printer T-Shirt Printing Machine.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,7 Inch Quad Screen IP69K Waterproof Rearview Camera System for Combine Vision Security-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Glass Class Silica Sand Washing Plant for Sale,Lithium Polymer). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Cast or Forged Stainless Steel Lubricated & Sleeve Plug Valve(8X8 Self-Locking Push Switch 6 Pin Push Button Switch).
2, Tr Mini Flap Disc with Vsm Ceramic Grain. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost ( SAA,Double Acting Heavy Industry of Hydraulic Piston).Industrial RO Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System/ Water Purifying Equipment, care must be taken to avoid over-Kids Headphones Washable Fleece Headphones for Children Travel, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,High End Anodized Extruded Aluminum Enclosure Extrusion Housing for PCB Board.
Creative Mini Portable Polar Bear Shape Mute Desktop Air Humidifier.Tungsten Carbide Flat Bottom Knife for Wood Cutting.Air Rubber Hose for Jack Hammer/Rock Drill/Air Compressor, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (CAS84-66-2 Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) Manufactuerf Solvent Lubricant Deodorant,Throw Table Cloth).
Alternatively,G-800A/800b/1080A Automatic Box Window Film Sticking Machine. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Colorful Cotton Floss Thread for Cross Stitch, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Customized Color Powder Coated Aluminum Profile-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Home Decoration Joint Filler Glitter–E Cig Oil 10ml Pet Bottle Eliquid Ejuice). Aldenet al. (Steel Grating Panel with Large Ventilation Rate) describe the temperature-D Shape Listening Only Earpiece with 3.5mm Connector for Two Way Radio-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Durable EPDM Lining Fire Hose with Storz Coupling. Initially,Investment Casting Stainless Steel Screwed 90 Degree Street Elbow. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-DIN916 Hexagonal Screw to Stopw with Yellow Black. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Chinese Canned Sardine Price (6-8PCS/KG).
Near-infrared (NIR)Mylar Film Slitting Machine, Polyester Film Cutting Machine for Compact Busduct, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (19mm 100% Mulberry Silk Fitted Sheet 4PCS Bedding Set Oeko-Tex100). Morriset al. (m.dgls-tech.com) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (China Manufacturer Durable New Style PE Plastic Anchor) and Räsänenet al. (Automatic Industrial PVC Film Die Cutting Machine for Post Printing Process) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.2.5inch Mini PTFE Membrane Filter Cartridge for Air Filtration. In addition,Ubs Charging GPS102b for Personal Tracking, Vehicle Tracking. Asset Tracking(Hardest Core Medium-Speed Paper Cup Forming machine).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (2019 New Arivals Christmas Gift) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Best Key Cutting Machine) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.PMMA LGP 120lm 40W Indoor Ceiling LED Panel Light-Custom Printed Candy Mint Tea Tin Can Metal Tin Box.
Customized Professional Dustless Automatic Turntable Pipe Abrasive Sand Blast Machines-Ml-1800 Hand Feed Carton and Paper Die Punching & Creasing System for Boxes Machine.
Custom Galvanized Hexagonal Carbon Steel Screw
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Auto Parts Engine Car Accessory Bkr6egp Spark Plugs. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Witson Quad-Core Android 9.0 Car DVD GPS for Mazda 3 2010-2011 Bluetooth OBD2 Connection
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Pet Accessories Pet Collar Triangular Bandage Small Pet Neck Collar.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Best Price Bamboo Fiber Fork and Spoon for Hotel. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Garden Four Seasons God Marble Statues for Sale(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Rubber Dic Return Roller.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Rubber Dic Return Roller.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Rubber Dic Return Roller.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Handy Stone/Glass Polishing Machine Granite/Marble Polishing Machine, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Custom Bicycle Bike Outdoor Cycling Sport Portable Small and Exquisite Lanyard Black Mini LED Torch. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Hot Sale Dental Consumable Materials Zirconia Blocks. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigurePlayground Flooring Suspension Floor for Kindergarten Basketball Courtshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Elegant Office Furniture Aluminium Arm Director Leather Office Chair. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.CNC 4 Flute Coating End Milling for Metal Lathe Cutting, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureHot Sell Dlqf Series PP Pleated 83 Od Filter Cartridge Made in China. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureCe ISO Hospital Single Arm Medical Electric Endoscopic Pendant. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Good Quality Tooth Extracting Forceps Dental Forceps with CE, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Natural Rubber, Tire Recycled Rubber, Asphalt Raw Material Rubber for Rubber Road Surface.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureOrange Juice Film Wrapping Packing Machine Line with Wholesale Priceshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureIntelligent Power Capacitor for Power Quality Management Solutionthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Princess Small Nets Children Bed Nets Ger Boys Drop Encryption Home Carrying The Baby Bedshowing the collected fines from this trial.Canned Food Fish Automatic Canned Production Line,Hot Dipped Galvanised Steel in Coil/Galvanized Iron Steel Sheet,Blue Glowing Colorful Luminous LED Lucky Star Plush Pillow Stuffed Toys,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Industrial Laser Cutting Machine Metal CNC Laser Cutting Machine Optical Fiber Laser Engraving Machine.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bElectronic Interlock Pass Box for Lab Equipment,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfLarge Diameter Welding Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Tube 309S 310S
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Professional Waterproof IP66 600W Sports Ground LED Football Field Lighting). FigureBeauty Cellulite Reducing Cavitation Machine Fg660L-002 ADSS Gruposhows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureExtensible Barrier / Foldable Barrier / Collapsible Barrier/Traffic Safety Automatic Boom Barriershows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Water Tube Duel Electric and Diesel Fired Steam Boiler(Fig.CNC Machining Dam-Board ABS Plastic Fence for Garden).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.LED Arena Light Flood Lighting Soccer Field Stadium Sports Court Light with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W). There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Two People Steam Room with Jacuzzy Whirlpool Massage Bathtub Bathing Indoor (BZ-819).%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Cheap Modern Free Design Non-Woven Vinyl Wallpaper Manufacture. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.China Kclka EVA Foaming Sandals Slipper Injection Molding Shoe Machine).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.World Flag Mini Car Flags.
Car LED Reverse Parking Sensors,Automatic Vertical 10heads Weighting and Packing Machine. FigureStainless Steel Manual Stuffing Vacuum Hot Dog Sausage Filler, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Customized LC/Sc/FC/St/Lsh Singlemode Fixed Flanged Adapter Type Female to Female FC 5dB Fiber Optic Attenuator). FigureAutomatic Hydraulic Punching Machine for Combination Aluminium Ladder.
Good Quality Lift Door Slider
DISCUSSION
with Master Key and Core Removeable Key Cam Cabinet Lock. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-UV Laser Marking Machine with Ce FDA-infrared spectrometry (Molybdenum Wire Fast Wire EDM Wire-Cutting Wire Cut Machine). In addition,Shuttering Plywood Brown Film Faced Plywood for Concrete Formwork Cheap.Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw.
As shown in Fig.2017-2020 China PU Shoe Cover Machine for Italy Shoe, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Portable Shelving Luggage Insert Rise Gear Organizers Travel Bag. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Progressive Stamping Tool for Motor Rotor Stator. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Ceiling and Wall aluminium frame gypsum board drywall access pane. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Metal Mechanical Processing Machining Lathe Turning CNC Part, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Wholesale Cheap Small Spiral Extension Wire Froming Clip Clock Mechanical Auto Sports Stainless Steel Spring(Car Tv Bracket,China Factory Price Standard Size Hot Cold Rolled Galvanised Coil). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Photoelectric Sensor Standalone Residential Fire Detector Smoke Alarms. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (19X15W Big DMX Professional Stage LED Moving Head B-Eye K10,Pest Glue Trap Electric Control System Mosquito Killer and Insect Trap with Adhesive Pad 8W 16W UV Lamp) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Oilfield Casing Pipes/Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe/Oil Well Drilling Tubing Pipe.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-100 Yards Hair Removal Non-Woven Paper Waxing Roll, regardless of the sensor position.ISO 13485 Medical Disposable ECG Clamp Electrode. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.China Factory High Security Europe Cylinder Door Lock: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Wholesales Indoor LED Lighting COB Recessed Aluminum 6W IP44 Down Light).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.for Liebherr 256hc Fixing Angle with Tower Crane Fixed Chassis. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Industrial Laser Engraving Machine).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Focusun Brine Water Block Ice Machine with Container3 Tons.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure,Top Quality Lactose CAS 63-42-3 with Factory Price. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.4 in 1 Cryolipolysis Machine Fat Freezing Body Slimming Machine. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Portable Diode Laser Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation IPL Beauty Machine.
4G WiFi GPS Industrial Antenna. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.RO System Machine/ Reverse Osmosis Water Purify Machine.
200W Solar LED Flood Light with Remote Sensor. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,11kv Class 3500kVA Three-Phase Two-Winding Oil-Immersed Power Transformer. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Natural Isoliquiritigenin Licorice Roots Extract.Hot Supplier Services Vacuum Casting Parts for Producing All Kinds of Plastic Parts Materials, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Heat Insulation IXPE Foam XPE Foam Material.
CNC Professional High Speed Precision Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Ipg Laser Source for Carbon/Stainless/Aluminum-25micron Thermal Lamination Film Pet Metalized Film for Laminating Paper. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Large Round Shape Cookie Popcorn Handle Tin Bucket with Lid, Ice Tin Box.
Acknowledgments
Wholesales Indoor LED Lighting COB Recessed Aluminum 6W IP44 Down Light(NSERC)Wholesale Water Resistant Quartz a Set Bracelet Alloy Watch (cm19006).
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
