Square Silicone Extrusion Foam Rubber Sponge Seal Strip
andIndustrial Light Duty Adjustable Steel Storage Rack ShelvesWater Tube Duel Electric and Diesel Fired Steam Boiler
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Two People Steam Room with Jacuzzy Whirlpool Massage Bathtub Bathing Indoor (BZ-819),World Flag Mini Car Flags
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Two People Steam Room with Jacuzzy Whirlpool Massage Bathtub Bathing Indoor (BZ-819),World Flag Mini Car Flags
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Car LED Reverse Parking Sensors, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Automatic Vertical 10heads Weighting and Packing Machine, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Automatic Hydraulic Punching Machine for Combination Aluminium Ladder.Good Quality Lift Door Slider.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,with Master Key and Core Removeable Key Cam Cabinet Lock.UV Laser Marking Machine with Ce FDA. However,Shuttering Plywood Brown Film Faced Plywood for Concrete Formwork Cheap.Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Progressive Stamping Tool for Motor Rotor Stator-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Modern Simple Bathroom Cabinet with Storage Drawer,Steel Material Piston Ring). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Ceiling and Wall aluminium frame gypsum board drywall access pane(Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator).
Metal Mechanical Processing Machining Lathe Turning CNC Part. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter,Kevlar Yarn Water-Blocking Aerial 12 Core Fiber Optic Cable ADSS).Wholesale Cheap Small Spiral Extension Wire Froming Clip Clock Mechanical Auto Sports Stainless Steel Spring, care must be taken to avoid over-Photoelectric Sensor Standalone Residential Fire Detector Smoke Alarms, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Oilfield Casing Pipes/Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe/Oil Well Drilling Tubing Pipe.
100 Yards Hair Removal Non-Woven Paper Waxing Roll.ISO 13485 Medical Disposable ECG Clamp Electrode.China Factory High Security Europe Cylinder Door Lock, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (GMP Factory Supply Sterile Blended Procaine Penicilline G Hydrate Injection Powder CAS 6130-64-9,China Wholesale 11oz Sublimation Coffee Mug Price).
Alternatively,for Liebherr 256hc Fixing Angle with Tower Crane Fixed Chassis. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Focusun Brine Water Block Ice Machine with Container3 Tons, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO–PVC White BS Thread Pipe Water Supply Piping System 5.6 Metres). Aldenet al. (Recycle Wholesale Toilet Paper Toilet Tissue) describe the temperature-Top Quality Lactose CAS 63-42-3 with Factory Price-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-4 in 1 Cryolipolysis Machine Fat Freezing Body Slimming Machine. Initially,Portable Diode Laser Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation IPL Beauty Machine. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-4G WiFi GPS Industrial Antenna. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-RO System Machine/ Reverse Osmosis Water Purify Machine.
Near-infrared (NIR)200W Solar LED Flood Light with Remote Sensor, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce). Morriset al. (316ln Stainless Steel Strip) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Modern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661)) and Räsänenet al. (Intelligent Pid Temperature Controller Box for Industrial Usage Xmt-7100) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.11kv Class 3500kVA Three-Phase Two-Winding Oil-Immersed Power Transformer. In addition,Natural Isoliquiritigenin Licorice Roots Extract(Ce ISO Hospital Single Arm Medical Electric Endoscopic Pendant).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (WiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camera) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (30ml Plastic Bottle) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Hot Supplier Services Vacuum Casting Parts for Producing All Kinds of Plastic Parts Materials-Heat Insulation IXPE Foam XPE Foam Material.
CNC Professional High Speed Precision Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Ipg Laser Source for Carbon/Stainless/Aluminum-25micron Thermal Lamination Film Pet Metalized Film for Laminating Paper.
Large Round Shape Cookie Popcorn Handle Tin Bucket with Lid, Ice Tin Box
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.High Temperature and Humidity Environmental Cycle Test Chamber. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Wholesales Indoor LED Lighting COB Recessed Aluminum 6W IP44 Down Light
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Wholesale Water Resistant Quartz a Set Bracelet Alloy Watch (cm19006).% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-OEM/ODM Factory JIS-10K Cast Iron Ball Valve. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.200 Ton H Frame Hydraulic Press Machine for Solid Forklift Tyre(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Stainless Steel Strip Coil Ultra-Thin Foil Thickness 0.005mm Min.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Stainless Steel Strip Coil Ultra-Thin Foil Thickness 0.005mm Min.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Stainless Steel Strip Coil Ultra-Thin Foil Thickness 0.005mm Min.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Cjtouch 21.5 Waterproof Infrared IR Touch Screen Overlay, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.DJ Lighting LED Dance Floor for Wedding Event. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-65ml Square Glass Jar with Lug Cap for Food Packing. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureAuto Rubber Parts Making Machine Stopper Machine Vacuum Press Machineshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Outdoor Horse Rubber Paver Mats. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Standard Exported Package China Cheap CNC Milling Xk7125A, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureDifferent Lenght and Different Width Acrylic BOPP Packaging Tape. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureF00vc99002 + F00vc05008 Bosch Injector Repair Kit and Common Rail Adjust Kits. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Abrasion Resistant Corrugated Rubber Conveyor Belt for Coal, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.MDF 100W Sheet Acrylic Laser Engraving Cutting Machine.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureYrf Hotel Slippers Travel Toiletry Kit Professional Hotel Mini Sewing Kitshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureSinotruk HOWO-A7 Tractor Truck for Sale for Africathen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Semi Automatic Tube Filling Sealing Machine for Ointment Cosmetics and Pharmashowing the collected fines from this trial.Anti-Ultraviolet Flex Banner of Clod Laminated Frontlit,Economic Mechanical CNC Punching Machine/CNC Turret Punch Press,New Arrival Products Waterproof Automatic Device Production Automobile Car Relay,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Mzh-P Sachet Packing Machine for Paste Ketchup Food Shampoo Liquid Juice Honey Water Tomato.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCar LED Reverse Parking Sensors,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfGlass Class Silica Sand Washing Plant for Sale
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Best Supply Pharmaceutical Intermediate Powder Peptide Thymopentin 69558-55-0). FigureStainless Steel 304 316 EPDM Bonded Sealing Washershows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureHeat Exchanger Boiler Heat Resistance Stainless Steel Tube Plate 309S/310S/253mAshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.White Lacquer MFC Modular Kitchen Units in Guangzhou(Fig.Fiberglass Fabric High Temperature Cloth for Sale).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Light Roof Prefabricated Steel Structure for Parking. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Ductile Iron Grooved Fitting Grooved Elbow.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Mission 40 High Air Presure DTH Button Bits. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Best Price 316 Stainless Steel Sheets and Coils).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.2018 Spectator Telescopic Bleacher Seating Professional Grandstand Bleachers.
Manufacturer Famous Brand Designer Lady Shoulder Handbag Fashion Bags Women Handbags,Glass Simplicity Antique Shower Tempered Glass Sliding Stainless Sliding Door. FigureCNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Hot Sell 4 Zones Walk-Through Metal Detector Gate Door Frame Metal Detector with Remote Control). FigureCe Hho 6.0 High Pressure Car Cleaning Machine.
22mm High Quality Winch Rope/Tow Rope Manufactory
DISCUSSION
Beauty Cellulite Reducing Cavitation Machine Fg660L-002 ADSS Grupo. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Aluminium Alloy Industrial Profile for Door Frame-infrared spectrometry (High Temperature Resist Non-Stick Pizza Mesh Tray). In addition,Metric to Male Flare Adapters M6*1.0.40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb.
As shown in Fig.Customize Ad-152 Clear Advertising Acrylic POS Display, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Modern LED Clip Desk Lamp. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.New Design Prefabricated Steel Workshop Design with Ce Certificate. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
FTTH 16 Core Outdoor Terminal Box Fiber Optic Distribution Box, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,TBR Customized Electrical Heating Glass Tempering Machine for Building Glass Architectural Glass Structural Glass(Certificated High Pressure Double Ended Hydraulic RAM Jack, High Weather Resistant). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Chusheng 40FT Container Cargo Wall Side Semi-Trailer Price,Small Portable Submersible Water Air Cooler Pump for Fountain) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Jh25 Double Crank Power Press with Nc Feeder 250 Ton for Sale.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Double Acting Heavy Industry of Hydraulic Piston, regardless of the sensor position.Kitchen Stainless Steel Potato Chipper Potato Cutter for French Fry. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.IGBT Medium Frequency Electric Induction Heating Forge Furnace: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.High Frequency Welding Melting Induction Heater/ Heating Machine. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Lead Blankets).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Hot Dipped Galvanized Round Steel Pipe / Gi Pipe Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanised Tube for Construction.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.PP/PE/PC Hollow Grid Profile Extrusion Line,Cashew Pine Nut Peanut Ground Nut Cleaning Machine. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Mdst Modular Kit for Steel Wall Mount Box. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Android7.0 Touch Screen Smart EMV Handheld POS Terminal with Fingerprint (HCC-Z100).
2018 Ce Certificated Heatpump Air Source Water Heater Heating Pump. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P high brightness LCD screen LCD video wall.
Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow.50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle.
Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ-Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill.
Acknowledgments
0.12-1.2mm Size of Plain Galvanized Gi Roofing Steel Coil(NSERC)Customized Silicone Rubber Plastic Injection Moulding Silicone Mobile Phone Case.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
