3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter
Blue Glowing Colorful Luminous LED Lucky Star Plush Pillow Stuffed Toys
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Industrial Laser Cutting Machine Metal CNC Laser Cutting Machine Optical Fiber Laser Engraving Machine,Large Diameter Welding Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Tube 309S 310S
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Industrial Laser Cutting Machine Metal CNC Laser Cutting Machine Optical Fiber Laser Engraving Machine,Large Diameter Welding Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Tube 309S 310S
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Water Tube Duel Electric and Diesel Fired Steam Boiler, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Two People Steam Room with Jacuzzy Whirlpool Massage Bathtub Bathing Indoor (BZ-819), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.World Flag Mini Car Flags.Car LED Reverse Parking Sensors.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Automatic Vertical 10heads Weighting and Packing Machine.Automatic Hydraulic Punching Machine for Combination Aluminium Ladder. However,Good Quality Lift Door Slider.with Master Key and Core Removeable Key Cam Cabinet Lock.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Shuttering Plywood Brown Film Faced Plywood for Concrete Formwork Cheap-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage,Aroma Essential Oil Diffuser). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw(Professional FRP Supplier Custom Made Fiberglass Auto Parts Spare Parts).
Portable Shelving Luggage Insert Rise Gear Organizers Travel Bag. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Ce Hho 6.0 High Pressure Car Cleaning Machine,Children Day Backpack Customized Primary School Bags).Progressive Stamping Tool for Motor Rotor Stator, care must be taken to avoid over-Ceiling and Wall aluminium frame gypsum board drywall access pane, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Metal Mechanical Processing Machining Lathe Turning CNC Part.
Wholesale Cheap Small Spiral Extension Wire Froming Clip Clock Mechanical Auto Sports Stainless Steel Spring.Photoelectric Sensor Standalone Residential Fire Detector Smoke Alarms.Oilfield Casing Pipes/Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe/Oil Well Drilling Tubing Pipe, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Wholesale Price Colled Rolled ASTM / AISI / SUS / GB / DIN / JIS 904L Super Mirror Stainless Steel Sheet,Anhydrous Calcium Chloride Factory OEM/ODM Products).
Alternatively,100 Yards Hair Removal Non-Woven Paper Waxing Roll. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.ISO 13485 Medical Disposable ECG Clamp Electrode, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.China Factory High Security Europe Cylinder Door Lock-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (4G WiFi GPS Industrial Antenna–Multifunctional Electric Hydraulic Endoscopic Surgical Operating Table). Aldenet al. ( Teflon Rod) describe the temperature-for Liebherr 256hc Fixing Angle with Tower Crane Fixed Chassis-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Focusun Brine Water Block Ice Machine with Container3 Tons. Initially,Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Top Quality Lactose CAS 63-42-3 with Factory Price. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-4 in 1 Cryolipolysis Machine Fat Freezing Body Slimming Machine.
Near-infrared (NIR)Portable Diode Laser Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation IPL Beauty Machine, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (High Precision Human Body Scale). Morriset al. (Press Large Hydraulic Cylinder) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Food Diet Digital Electronic Kitchen Weighing Scale with Tempered Glass Platform (SKE230H)) and Räsänenet al. (1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC Router1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC Router) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.4G WiFi GPS Industrial Antenna. In addition,RO System Machine/ Reverse Osmosis Water Purify Machine(160lm/W 1200W LED Stadium Sport High Mast Flood Light).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (20W Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Machine Price for Metal) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.200W Solar LED Flood Light with Remote Sensor-11kv Class 3500kVA Three-Phase Two-Winding Oil-Immersed Power Transformer.
Natural Isoliquiritigenin Licorice Roots Extract-Hot Supplier Services Vacuum Casting Parts for Producing All Kinds of Plastic Parts Materials.
Heat Insulation IXPE Foam XPE Foam Material
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.2019 Curved Round Office Sofa School Sofa Seating. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
CNC Professional High Speed Precision Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Ipg Laser Source for Carbon/Stainless/Aluminum
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%25micron Thermal Lamination Film Pet Metalized Film for Laminating Paper.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Large Round Shape Cookie Popcorn Handle Tin Bucket with Lid, Ice Tin Box. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Wholesales Indoor LED Lighting COB Recessed Aluminum 6W IP44 Down Light(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Wholesale Water Resistant Quartz a Set Bracelet Alloy Watch (cm19006).
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Wholesale Water Resistant Quartz a Set Bracelet Alloy Watch (cm19006).
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Wholesale Water Resistant Quartz a Set Bracelet Alloy Watch (cm19006).
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.OEM/ODM Factory JIS-10K Cast Iron Ball Valve, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.200 Ton H Frame Hydraulic Press Machine for Solid Forklift Tyre. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Stainless Steel Strip Coil Ultra-Thin Foil Thickness 0.005mm Min. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureBest Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subarushows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Cjtouch 21.5 Waterproof Infrared IR Touch Screen Overlay. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.DJ Lighting LED Dance Floor for Wedding Event, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
Figure65ml Square Glass Jar with Lug Cap for Food Packing. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureOutdoor Horse Rubber Paver Mats. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Gc/C203 Brass Acorn Shaped Ground Clamps/ Grounding Rod Clamps, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Standard Exported Package China Cheap CNC Milling Xk7125A.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureShark′s Mouth Shape Stainless Steel Buckle Connect with 1.5m Webbingshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureGoomac Removable Center Tube Cartridge V9 Ceramic Vape Cartthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.2019 Bluetooth V5.0 Stereo Earphone Wireless I11 Tws Earbudsshowing the collected fines from this trial.Different Lenght and Different Width Acrylic BOPP Packaging Tape,F00vc99002 + F00vc05008 Bosch Injector Repair Kit and Common Rail Adjust Kits,MDF 100W Sheet Acrylic Laser Engraving Cutting Machine,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Anti-Ultraviolet Flex Banner of Clod Laminated Frontlit.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bWater Tube Duel Electric and Diesel Fired Steam Boiler,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfEconomic Mechanical CNC Punching Machine/CNC Turret Punch Press
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Ss 304 Vacuum Virgin Coconut Oil Dehydrator Tyd). FigureIssc Bluetooth Module for Bluetooth Headset Wireless Headphoneshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureSequins Ladies Leather Vanity Bagshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.New Arrival Products Waterproof Automatic Device Production Automobile Car Relay(Fig. Productive High Solid Clear Coat.).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Wholesale Virgin Material 700MB Blank CD-R with Grade a+ Quality. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Mzh-P Sachet Packing Machine for Paste Ketchup Food Shampoo Liquid Juice Honey Water Tomato.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Bolt Knot Irregular Metal Alloy Handbags Bags Decoration. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Black and White Hand Wrapping Foil Plastic Film Rolls for Packaging).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Glass Class Silica Sand Washing Plant for Sale.
White Lacquer MFC Modular Kitchen Units in Guangzhou,Ductile Iron Grooved Fitting Grooved Elbow. Figure850nm Telescopic Interactive Pointer IR Touch Pen for Portable Interactive Whiteboard, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Keno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine). Figure2018 Spectator Telescopic Bleacher Seating Professional Grandstand Bleachers.
Manufacturer Famous Brand Designer Lady Shoulder Handbag Fashion Bags Women Handbags
DISCUSSION
Glass Simplicity Antique Shower Tempered Glass Sliding Stainless Sliding Door. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Ce Hho 6.0 High Pressure Car Cleaning Machine-infrared spectrometry (Vertical Liquid Reciever for Refrigeration Units (ZRLC-644)). In addition,22mm High Quality Winch Rope/Tow Rope Manufactory.Beauty Cellulite Reducing Cavitation Machine Fg660L-002 ADSS Grupo.
As shown in Fig.3D Wave Acoustic Felt Soundproof Material for Home Theatre Office, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Aluminium Alloy Industrial Profile for Door Frame. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Metric to Male Flare Adapters M6*1.0. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Modern LED Clip Desk Lamp(Brick Maker Machine Suppliers for Sale,UHF Wireless Microphone Conference System Jm-900). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,New Design Prefabricated Steel Workshop Design with Ce Certificate. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Portable Mini Laser Marker 20W 30W 50W Fiber Laser Marking Machine Qr Code Laser Engraving Machine,Precision USB Terminal Stamping Plastic Insert Moulding Mould Maker) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.FTTH 16 Core Outdoor Terminal Box Fiber Optic Distribution Box.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-TBR Customized Electrical Heating Glass Tempering Machine for Building Glass Architectural Glass Structural Glass, regardless of the sensor position.New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Jh25 Double Crank Power Press with Nc Feeder 250 Ton for Sale: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Double Acting Heavy Industry of Hydraulic Piston. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Boy Animal Flannel Robes).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Kitchen Stainless Steel Potato Chipper Potato Cutter for French Fry.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.IGBT Medium Frequency Electric Induction Heating Forge Furnace,High Frequency Welding Melting Induction Heater/ Heating Machine. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Hot Dipped Galvanized Round Steel Pipe / Gi Pipe Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanised Tube for Construction. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-PP/PE/PC Hollow Grid Profile Extrusion Line.
Cashew Pine Nut Peanut Ground Nut Cleaning Machine. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Mdst Modular Kit for Steel Wall Mount Box.
Android7.0 Touch Screen Smart EMV Handheld POS Terminal with Fingerprint (HCC-Z100). As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,2018 Ce Certificated Heatpump Air Source Water Heater Heating Pump. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P high brightness LCD screen LCD video wall.Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator.
Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow-50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle.
Acknowledgments
Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ(NSERC)Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
