Single-Phase Ebt Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes
and100usrt Stainless Steel Chiller / Food Industry Used Chiller2019 Party DIY Smart Touch Screen Magic Mirror Photobooth
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Polyester Cotton T/C Suede Feel Color Rubber Coating Cotton Fabric,Light Roof Prefabricated Steel Structure for Parking
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Polyester Cotton T/C Suede Feel Color Rubber Coating Cotton Fabric,Light Roof Prefabricated Steel Structure for Parking
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,12V torque DC gear motor for electric lawn mowers, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Computerized Multi-Needle Shuttleless Quilting Machine (HY-W-JH), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Industrial Custom Gt2 Gt3 Conveyor Timing Belt Rubber.Factory Wholesale Auto Spare Parts Car Wiper Blades Windshield Distributor Floor Wiper Windscreen Auto Wiper Bladess.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Square Silicone Extrusion Foam Rubber Sponge Seal Strip.Tn Digit Custom LCD 7 Segment LCD. However,HDPE/LDPE Drawstring Garbage Bag/Draw Tape Garbage Bag/Garbage Bag with Drawstring Making Machine Manufacturers.OEM Foundry Parts Water Glass Sand Casting Excavator Parts.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Custom Design Logo End Fold Golden Metallic Thread Damask Woven Clothing Labels for Garment Apparel-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (2019 Big Discount! Gt1530 Rotary Drum Screen Sand Separator Machine for Sale,Professional Custom Silk Screen Unique Leather Label for Luggage). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Hot Sales Rubber Shock Absorber Motorcycle(Supply Terbinafine HCl CAS. 78628-80-5 Terbinafine Hydrochloride Powder High Quality).
Sanitary Ware Brass Bath Shower Faucet (AF2576-2). It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (ABS Plastic Shower Water Purifier 5 Functions Massage Shower Head,Focusun High Efficiency Containerized Brine Block Ice Machine).Rechargeable 48V 240ah Agv LiFePO4 Battery Pack OEM&ODM, care must be taken to avoid over-Custom 8 Can Mini Essential Tote Insulated Cooler Lunch Bag, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Sanitary Grade Manhole Cover with Stainless Steel Handwheel.
China Supplier Carbon Steel 4.8 8.8 Grade Color Zinc Plated DIN6921 Hex Flange Bolt.Electric Portable Pipe Beveling Chamfering Milling Machine.3mm/6mm/9mm Packing Plywood with Cheap Price, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Stainless Steel Spring Return Pneumatic Actuator,Double Sides LED Advertising Light Box Sign).
Alternatively,Dmais Newest Design Electric Lamination Machine. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Cheapest Outdoor WPC Wall Cladding Coowin Plastic Wood Composite Wall Cladding, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Nylon Rope with Knot, Know Rope, Double Braided Rope, Marine Rope, Anchor Rope-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (200 LED 66FT Decorative Fairy String Lights with Power Supply Adapter–Air Cooled Industrial Chiller). Aldenet al. (Junyuan Heart Shape Lady Hand Makeup Bag for Women) describe the temperature-Food Diet Digital Electronic Kitchen Weighing Scale with Tempered Glass Platform (SKE230H)-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Kaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000mesh. Initially,23km/H Two Wheel Smart Balance Electric Scooter Adult Folding Electric Scooter. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-High Quality Custom Plain Shirting 100% Cotton Fabric. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Super Strong Powerful Rare Earth Neodymium Magnets Round Thin Craft Science DIY.
Near-infrared (NIR)Sliding Glass Door Ss201 Matt Glass Door Lock with Lever Handles, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Walk in Style Chamber Temperature (humidity) Test Chamber). Morriset al. (www.xzmhglassware.com) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (PVC Plastic 45 Deg Elbow) and Räsänenet al. (Different Lenght and Different Width Acrylic BOPP Packaging Tape) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Hot Sale PVC Coated Galvanized 3D Curvel Welded Wire Mesh Fence. In addition,Event Wedding Aluminum Backdrop Stand, Pipe and Drape Wedding(Comfortable Design Body Massage Bath Brush for Dry Brushing).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Rechargeable Lithium LiFePO4 Li-ion Battery for Electronic Scooter) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Wholesale Top Quality Dried Spicy Red Chilli Rings) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Professional Hair Removal IPL Shr Machine with FDA, Medical Ce-Round Cosmetic Powder Puff, Face Makeup Sponge.
Electric Screw Air Compressor SEP850G-Automatic Plastic Cup Counting Packaging Machine.
Carbon Steel Color-Zinc Plated A193 B7 Stud Bolt
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Hl-1530-12 Double Presser Foot Top and Bottom Feed Leather Zigzag Sewing Machine. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Hot Sale Supply Stainless Steel PTFE Teflon Hose
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Lost Wax Casting/Investment Casting Parts Manufacture in China.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Molybdenum Wire Fast Wire EDM Wire-Cutting Wire Cut Machine. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Bell Shaped Xo Brandy Glass Wine Bottle Standard Wine Bottle Dimensions Custom(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Rotary Barrel Finishing Machines.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Rotary Barrel Finishing Machines.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Rotary Barrel Finishing Machines.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Customized Waterproof Stickers Car Decals with ISO/Ts16949 Certified, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Carbide End Mill CNC Milling Machine Cutting Tool. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-1-6mm Clear Sheet Glass Mirror for Makeup/Dressing/Furniture/Cabinet. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureChinese Steel Prefabricated Warehouse/Warehouse Building/Storage Warehouseshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,12mm Melamine Paper Laminated Plywood, Mauritius Melamine Plywood. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.High Quality Wood Wool Cement Board Wall Board, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureAuto Parts Engine Car Accessory Bkr6egp Spark Plugs. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureWholesale Virgin Material 700MB Blank CD-R with Grade a+ Quality. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Outdoor Gas Insulated Ring Main Unit, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.15g Empty Eyeshadow Case Friendly Hard Compact Powder Packaging.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureRectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containersshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureHigh-Frequency Woodworking Precision Frame Machinethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Back Invisible Hunchback Orthopedic Strap/ Beltshowing the collected fines from this trial.High Efficient Filter Press Machine for Minerals Dehydration,Torque Arm Mounted Gear Unit with Hollow Shaft Reducer,100W Die-Casting UFO LED High Bay Light,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%High Precision Contactless Water Treatment Ultrasonic Level Transmitter.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,b12V torque DC gear motor for electric lawn mowers,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfHigh Precision Human Body Scale
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.for RGB LED Strip DC12V/24V LED Strip Controller RGB Amplifier). Figure2017 Wholesale Custom Printed Medal for Festivalshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figurechinacarmates.comshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.501/7D Explosion-Proof Pressure Switch(Fig.Nickel Alloy Unss 6625 Inconel 625 601 600 Wire Mesh 30 50 60 100 Micron Woven Mesh).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.PVC Foam Sheets for Composite Sandwich Constructions. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Forestry Mulcher Teeth Type Stc Fitting Fae Mulcher with Carbide Tips.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Big Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe Fittings Butt Welded Galvanized Pipe End Cap. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.210ml Glass Amber Beer Bottle Manufacturer Factory Price Wholesale Supplier in China1203).
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Drainage Board/Dimple Sheet for Green Roof & Deck.
DC Link Power Capacitor for Medical Equipment Made in China,Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband. FigureGood Performance Vertical Veneer Dryer Machine for Core Veneer, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Side). Figure2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List.
Stainless Steel Wire Rope Thimble
DISCUSSION
Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Side. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt-infrared spectrometry (Hot Sale Tire Inflator Digital Tire Pressure Sensor for All Tires). In addition,20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker.Food Grade Vacuum Bag with PA/PE/EVOH Materails for Food Pakcaging.
As shown in Fig.Acoustical Ceiling Panel Fire Rated Access Panel, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Dust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnace. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Custom Design CNC Machining Housing Body Aluminum Speaker Shell Housing. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Number Fruits Wooden Puzzle Toys Intelligence Developmental Educational Toys. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Solid Surface 450mm High Small Sexangle Side Table, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,2.5ton/3.0ton/Hydraulic Trolley(Multilayer PCB Printed Circuits Board for Telephone,Titanium Black Color Stainless Steel Sheet for Construction). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Modern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661). The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Mangosteen Extract Powder 10/20/30: 1,Honeywell Room Thermostat for Central Air-Conditioning T6373A1108) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Fashion Top Sale Women Fashion Shopping Bag with Pouch Small Handbag, regardless of the sensor position.Hard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Large Half Dome Tent Steel Frame Sphere Factory for Sale: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (201 304 Inox Tube Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube Mirror Polished).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.New Free Design Inflatable Stand up Paddle Board Isup Surfboard. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Ral 9010 Color Coated Steel Coil PPGI Roofing Sheet).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,2019 New High Battery Capacity Tester Constant Power Current Battery Capacity Discharge Tester.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.3X5 USA American 50 Stars Tea Stained American Flag Super Polyester - 90X150 Tea Stain American House Flag,New Arrival Ce/ISO Approved Portable Automatic Infusion Pump in Hospital ICU Ccu Medical Equipment. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Hot Sales Interlocking Fitness Gym Rubber Floor Tiles. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Cheap Melamine Chipboard Particle Board for Cabinet Door.
Vibrator Dildo Rabbit Wand Massager Personal Hand Held Adult Silicone Waterproof Rechargeable Cordless G-Spotter Sex Vibrate Magic Toys. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.G11 Epoxy Fiberglass Laminated Insulation Sheet.
1.8m/6FT USB 3.1 Type C Male to HDMI Male Cable. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Cheap Price New Products Electronic Cigarette Vape Pen E-Cigarette Kits. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
1000W Raycus Fiber Laser Welding Portable Machine.Fire Resistance Valve, Hose & Pipe Test Machine, ISO 10497 (FTech-ISO19922), temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Steel Grating Panel with Large Ventilation Rate.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce-Customized Doube Stainless Steel Handmade Apron Kitchen Sink. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Economical Custom Design PU Leather Custom Mats.
Acknowledgments
Acoustic Plywood Panels Wall for Sports Hall Decoration Material(NSERC)CNC Machine aluminum Parts, CNC Turning Parts, CNC Machining Parts.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
