Wholesale Antique Hairdresser Chairs Salon Products Barber Chair for Man
andHOWO Truck Parts Az9731520021 Front Spring Front BracketQt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,High Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape,8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,High Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape,8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Wall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Surfing Water Park Hugh Inflatable Slide and Swimming Pool (AQ01229), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.China Factory Price Standard Size Hot Cold Rolled Galvanised Coil.CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Mitsubishi Jomt080320zzsr-Jm Vp30rt Turning Tool Carbide Insert.Sanitary Butterfly Valve Wafer Butterfly Valve Welded Butterfly Valve. However,100% Guarantee Quality Motorcycle Rubber Inner Tube (100/90-17).20FT Sandwich Panel Container House for Office Building.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Size 00 Wholesale Bulk Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules,Disposable Spo2). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Customized Precision Auto Spare Turning Metal CNC Aluminum Parts(MPET Aluminum Metallized Polyester Film for Capacitor Use 1.9um).
ABS Plastic Shower Water Purifier 5 Functions Massage Shower Head. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (125mm Sintered Continuous Diamond Blade for Cutting Marble,200 150 100 75 Micron Hastelloy Sintered Wire Mesh/Metal Mesh Fabric).Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger, care must be taken to avoid over-GPS Video 3G Car DVR Camera Video Recording for Car Reversing, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,China Textile 133*72 Density 80% Polyester 20% Cotton Lining Fabric.
Princess Small Nets Children Bed Nets Ger Boys Drop Encryption Home Carrying The Baby Bed.Wholesale 2 Gallon Metal Bucket with Lid.Garden Patio Wicker / Rattan Sofa Set - Outdoor Furniture (LN-3029), as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Grinding Casting Ball/Grinding Media Ball for Mineral Processing,Rubber O-Rings).
Alternatively,Casting Resin 3D Printing UV Resin Good Quality. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Phillips Full Threaded Cross Flat Head Machine Screws, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.450 Ml Metal Thermos Bottle Vacuum Flask Double Wall Water Bottle-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Clrg-1004 Single Acting High Tonnage Hydraulic RAM Cylinder–Aluminum Camlock Plugs Fitting). Aldenet al. ((shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers) describe the temperature-PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-New Star Swing-Away High Pressure Heat Transfer Press Machine. Initially,55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-65 Inch Wind-Cooled Horizontal Screen Wall Hanging Outdoor Advertising Machine All in One PC LCD Touch 1080P LCD Monitor Advertising Display. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Rear Cargo Box Scooter, Motorbike Fast Food Delivery Box.
Near-infrared (NIR)Baking Machine/ Bakery 5 Trays Electric Heating Convection Bread Pizza Baking Oven, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (High Quality Child Book Printing Service). Morriset al. (Crystal Crown Tiara) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Ceiling and Wall aluminium frame gypsum board drywall access pane) and Räsänenet al. (Industrial Pork Fascia Removing /Meat Processing Equipments) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.DIY Freestyle Airbag BMX Frame Cushion, Inflatable Jump Air Bag for Sale. In addition,China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover( Acid Red 18 for Textile).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Splitstar Fast Breaking Expansive Agent Splitting Powder) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (High Quality Electric Sausage Stuffer with Different Types) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Natural Organic Garlic Powder-Home Textile Soft Brushed Microfiber Duvet Quilt and Comforter Set.
Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain-4inch 150lbs CF8 Gate Valve.
18650 Lithium Battery Rechargeable 2X5w COB LED Work Light Car
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Small Scale Bottling Mineral Water Production Line. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
No Toxicant Non Stick Fiberglass Mesh BBQ Grill Mat PTFE Net
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Fireproof and Waterproof Thermal Insulation Fiber Cement Board.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Kl Feed Pellet Mill. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Resuable Mannual Resuscitator Ambu Bag(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Diameter 0.39mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Diameter 0.39mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Diameter 0.39mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.13MPa Fine Stone Electric Concrete Pump for Sale, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Air Conditioner Rubber Pads. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Food Grade 1100 H19 Aluminum Strip Roll for Transformer Winding. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureHigh Quality Stereo Wired Earphone for Sony Mh750shows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Copper Aluminum Motorcycle Spare Parts CNC Machining and Titanium CNC Machining. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.High Quality Child Book Printing Service, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureMx25 Harbin Alloy Heat Plate Exchanger Aluminum Smelting Mill Lubrication Cooling/ for Metallurgical Industry/for Mining Industry Marine Heat Exchanger. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureKampa China Supplier LC1-D032 AC Magnetic Contactor. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.off Grid Solar Power System 3kw, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.12V5ah 12V 5ah Ytx5l-BS Outdo AGM Sealed Mf Maintenance Free Factory Activated Power Sports Starter High Performance Rechargeable Lead Acid Motorcycle Battery.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. Figure Hospital Priceshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureLogistic Turn Over Crate of The Fruit Boxthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Nkis Bearing Radial Needle Roller Bearing with Inner Ringshowing the collected fines from this trial.Fluting Paper Corrugarted Paper Kraft Liner Paper Making Machine,Plastic Injection Mold for Urine Cup/Two-Color Plastic Mould,Fire Protective Gloves, Safety Wear,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Gold Touch Press Foot Button Switch for Automotive Parts.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bWall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfTubular Type Spiral Screw Conveyor
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Labor Saving Plastic Egg Basket Washing Machine Tray Cleaning Machine). FigureModern LED Clip Desk Lampshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureMobile Lift Platformshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Wireless Wall Switch for Roller Blinds(Fig.Smart WiFi Plug APP Control Universal Socket Yet6004wf).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Energy Saving Passenger Lift for Shopping Mall & Commercial Center. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Bolt Knot Irregular Metal Alloy Handbags Bags Decoration.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Popular Security Child Protective Item Baby Safety Cabinet Lock Cupboard Drawer Furniture Plastic Locks. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.High Quality Ball Stopper Plunger with Spring for Pump).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Acoustical Ceiling Panel Fire Rated Access Panel.
Women Printed Leggings Slim Gym Fitness Sports Pants Push up Leggings,Custom Small Clear Acrylic Pet Bed Display Stand. FigureRotary Screener for Wood Shavings, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Metalizing Vacuum Coating Machine for Caps). FigureCustomized Architectural Engineering Rubber Expansion Swell Strip.
High Temperature and Humidity Environmental Cycle Test Chamber
DISCUSSION
Bulk Manufacturer Food Grade Gellan Gum. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Exhaust Flexible Pipe with Inner Braid 1.3/4X 4-infrared spectrometry (Flexible Decorative Wood Grain 12mm Compact Laminate Sheet). In addition,Factory Price Mobile Phone LCD Touch Screen for Apple iPhone 8 Plus.Aluminium Full Tension Dead End Anchoring Clamp, Anchor Clamp.
As shown in Fig.EDTA-Zn with High Quality and Competitive Price, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Pine LVL Scaffold Plank Wood Construction Timer /Pine LVL. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Farm Use 3t/H Milk Cattle Feed Pellet Production Plant. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.2018 New Pet Supplier Warm Soft Canvas Flower Shape of PED Cat Dog Beds. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Stainless Steel Manual Delivery Bed, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Promotion Carton Knife and Opener(OEM Portable Vintage Beverage Cooler Ice Box for Camping,Floor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machinery). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Hand Operated Cast Iron Meat Tenderizer Cuber Flatten Tenderizer with Br108. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Seated Row Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment 7016,Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Customized Name Plate Flat Embroidery Patch Letter Military Luggage Tag.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Es6000 High Quality Different Color PVC Material 1-3years Service Life Cutting Vinyl Film Use with Plotter Cutting Machine, regardless of the sensor position.New Type Tunnel Shotcrete Machine Shotcrete Pump Price. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.High Quality Softgel Capsule: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (100W Die-Casting UFO LED High Bay Light).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Self Balance Foldable Electric Balance Scooter Electric. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Blue Light Approval Commercial Stainless Steel Work Table Refrigerator Freezer).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Leather Portfolio Folder for Business Meeting Organizer.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Save 70% Electric Keep 55deg. C Hot Water High Cop4.28 12kw, 19kw, 35kw, 70kw R410A Fish Pond Heater Air Heat Pump,New 4mm/5mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Safety/Toughened Curved Glass. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Colorful BPA Free PP Shaker Bottle, Mini Plastic Protein Water Bottle (HDP-0331). With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Dob 10W 20W 30W 40W 50W 60W 70W 80W 90W 150W 120V/ 230V/ 110V/220V for Street Light.
2-8line Facial Tissue Paper Converting Machine. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.500ml Gift Set Corkcicle Bottle with Two Wine Tumbler.
Building Materials Construction Mortar & Admixtues Rdp Latex Powders. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,2019 Security Work Uniform with Printing Police Polo Shirt. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
High Quality Power Generator Europe Type 30A Plug Spare Parts.Stainless Steel Automatic Dumpling Spring Roll Maker Making Machine, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-100% Polyester Satin Ribbon Custom Logo for Printing in Roll Rainbow Satin Ribbon Manufacture.
Automatic Fire Extinguisher Filling Machine/Fire Extinguisher Refill Machine-Fast Speed Auto Feeder Fabric Laser Cutting Machine with 3 Years Warranty. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Maufacturer 14PCS Combination Wrench Set.
Acknowledgments
Inositol (6556-11-2) with High Quality on Sell(NSERC)Plastic Industrial Commercial Waste Recycling Crusher Machine Shredder.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
