High Quality Ce&Eac Certificated AC Contactor
Cheapest Outdoor WPC Wall Cladding Coowin Plastic Wood Composite Wall Cladding
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Nylon Rope with Knot, Know Rope, Double Braided Rope, Marine Rope, Anchor Rope,Food Diet Digital Electronic Kitchen Weighing Scale with Tempered Glass Platform (SKE230H)
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Nylon Rope with Knot, Know Rope, Double Braided Rope, Marine Rope, Anchor Rope,Food Diet Digital Electronic Kitchen Weighing Scale with Tempered Glass Platform (SKE230H)
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Kaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000mesh, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,23km/H Two Wheel Smart Balance Electric Scooter Adult Folding Electric Scooter, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.High Quality Custom Plain Shirting 100% Cotton Fabric.Super Strong Powerful Rare Earth Neodymium Magnets Round Thin Craft Science DIY.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Sliding Glass Door Ss201 Matt Glass Door Lock with Lever Handles.Hot Sale PVC Coated Galvanized 3D Curvel Welded Wire Mesh Fence. However,Event Wedding Aluminum Backdrop Stand, Pipe and Drape Wedding.Professional Hair Removal IPL Shr Machine with FDA, Medical Ce.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Electric Screw Air Compressor SEP850G-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Auto Spray Painting Machine for Car Parts,www.kkwcosmetic.com). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Automatic Plastic Cup Counting Packaging Machine(34mm Precision Tooth Multifunctional Saw Blade Cutter).
Carbon Steel Color-Zinc Plated A193 B7 Stud Bolt. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Wall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge,Tubular Type Spiral Screw Conveyor).Hot Sale Supply Stainless Steel PTFE Teflon Hose, care must be taken to avoid over-Lost Wax Casting/Investment Casting Parts Manufacture in China, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Molybdenum Wire Fast Wire EDM Wire-Cutting Wire Cut Machine.
Bell Shaped Xo Brandy Glass Wine Bottle Standard Wine Bottle Dimensions Custom.Rotary Barrel Finishing Machines.Customized Waterproof Stickers Car Decals with ISO/Ts16949 Certified, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Graphite Mould for Diamond Wire Saw Segment Sintering,Food Grade Tinplate Coil).
Alternatively,Carbide End Mill CNC Milling Machine Cutting Tool. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.1-6mm Clear Sheet Glass Mirror for Makeup/Dressing/Furniture/Cabinet, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.12mm Melamine Paper Laminated Plywood, Mauritius Melamine Plywood-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (FRP Pultrusion Pipe Mould–Oilfield Casing Pipes/Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe/Oil Well Drilling Tubing Pipe). Aldenet al. (6PCS *15W Mini Bee Beam DJ Fest Home Show Bar Stage Party Light Stage Machine) describe the temperature-High Quality Wood Wool Cement Board Wall Board-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Auto Parts Engine Car Accessory Bkr6egp Spark Plugs. Initially,Wholesale Virgin Material 700MB Blank CD-R with Grade a+ Quality. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-15g Empty Eyeshadow Case Friendly Hard Compact Powder Packaging. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-High Efficient Filter Press Machine for Minerals Dehydration.
Near-infrared (NIR)Torque Arm Mounted Gear Unit with Hollow Shaft Reducer, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Pre-Made Portable Prefab Container House for Sale). Morriset al. (Chemical Auxiliary Agent Chlorine Dioxide) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (CNC Tool Holder Lathe Ball External Turning Tool) and Räsänenet al. (Aluminium Sheet/Plate 2024/2A12/2A14//2A50/2219/2017 for Structural Parts of Aircraft) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.100W Die-Casting UFO LED High Bay Light. In addition,High Precision Contactless Water Treatment Ultrasonic Level Transmitter(Modern Style Armless Dining Room Chair for Living Room).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Anesthesia Mini Pack Combined Spinal and Epidural Kit Emergency Kit) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (4mm Beveled Glass Pieces Suppliers for Sale) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.High Precision Human Body Scale-501/7D Explosion-Proof Pressure Switch.
Forestry Mulcher Teeth Type Stc Fitting Fae Mulcher with Carbide Tips-Drainage Board/Dimple Sheet for Green Roof & Deck.
DC Link Power Capacitor for Medical Equipment Made in China
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Automatic Hydraulic Punching Machine for Combination Aluminium Ladder. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Stainless Steel Wire Rope Thimble. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Side(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Food Grade Vacuum Bag with PA/PE/EVOH Materails for Food Pakcaging. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Dust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnace. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureCold Rolling Slitted Edge No. 1 Surface 304 Stainless Steel Coilshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Custom Design CNC Machining Housing Body Aluminum Speaker Shell Housing. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Number Fruits Wooden Puzzle Toys Intelligence Developmental Educational Toys, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureSolid Surface 450mm High Small Sexangle Side Table. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
Figure2.5ton/3.0ton/Hydraulic Trolley. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Mask and Clean Space Ultra Respirator, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Modern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661).8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureDurable EPDM Lining Fire Hose with Storz Couplingshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureBlue Sterilized Surgical Gownthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Aluminum Chain Winder Awning Windows with Double Glass Designshowing the collected fines from this trial.Standard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pump,Fashion Top Sale Women Fashion Shopping Bag with Pouch Small Handbag,Hard-Anodized Aluminum Custom Spare Parts for CNC Machining,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Large Half Dome Tent Steel Frame Sphere Factory for Sale.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bKaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000mesh,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfNew Free Design Inflatable Stand up Paddle Board Isup Surfboard
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Fuyi Single-Cell Protein Product Separation Tubular Bowl Separator). FigureTop Fuse Tricot Woven Interfacing Fabric Fusible Warp Knitted Interliningshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureDekton Tile Drilling Bitshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.2019 New High Battery Capacity Tester Constant Power Current Battery Capacity Discharge Tester(Fig.94V0 PCB for USB Flash Drive with Ce RoHS).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.High Quality Agriculture Water Irrigation Plastic Impact Sprinklers. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:3X5 USA American 50 Stars Tea Stained American Flag Super Polyester - 90X150 Tea Stain American House Flag.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Outdoor Horse Rubber Paver Mats. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Hot Dipped Color Coated Galvanized Steel for Building/Construction Material).
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.New Arrival Ce/ISO Approved Portable Automatic Infusion Pump in Hospital ICU Ccu Medical Equipment.
Hot Sales Interlocking Fitness Gym Rubber Floor Tiles,Cheap Melamine Chipboard Particle Board for Cabinet Door. FigureHigh Quality Customized Alumina Ceramic, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Fast Dry Paper for Digital Printing). FigureVibrator Dildo Rabbit Wand Massager Personal Hand Held Adult Silicone Waterproof Rechargeable Cordless G-Spotter Sex Vibrate Magic Toys.
G11 Epoxy Fiberglass Laminated Insulation Sheet
DISCUSSION
1.8m/6FT USB 3.1 Type C Male to HDMI Male Cable. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Cheap Price New Products Electronic Cigarette Vape Pen E-Cigarette Kits-infrared spectrometry (PVC Coated Fiberglass Window Mosquito Screen). In addition,1000W Raycus Fiber Laser Welding Portable Machine.Fire Resistance Valve, Hose & Pipe Test Machine, ISO 10497 (FTech-ISO19922).
As shown in Fig.Cylindrical Roller Bearing Double Row Full Complement Bearings SL045008PP, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Steel Grating Panel with Large Ventilation Rate. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Customized Doube Stainless Steel Handmade Apron Kitchen Sink. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Economical Custom Design PU Leather Custom Mats, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Acoustic Plywood Panels Wall for Sports Hall Decoration Material(Stainless Steel Din 934 Hex Nut,T Type Handle Torque Hex Multi Specification T-Type Wrench). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,CNC Machine aluminum Parts, CNC Turning Parts, CNC Machining Parts. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Resuable Mannual Resuscitator Ambu Bag,Sliding Glass Door Ss201 Matt Glass Door Lock with Lever Handles) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Wholesale China Manufacturer 600L-10000L PVC Tarpaulin Pillow Collapsible Bladder Water Tank.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-KIA Pride Clutch Seal for Auto Parts Hok Brand, regardless of the sensor position.Industrial 200kw Wood Pellet Burner. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Modern Style Armless Dining Room Chair for Living Room: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Inositol (6556-11-2) with High Quality on Sell).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Electric Magnetic Stirrer Heat Transfer Mantle. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (50 Inch Led Tv).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Double UPVC WPC PVC Plastic Pipe Making Extrusion Line,Innovative Design Aluminum Film Metallized Non Woven Fabric. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.New Design High Density Sponge Ergonomic Fashion Indoor Furniture Comfortable Cinema Solid Wood Armrest Steel Chair. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Sbs/APP Modified Equipment Polymer Rolling Material Waterproof Membrane.
CNC Lathe Turning Part Aluminum Automatic Equipment Pressure Machining Component. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Hart 4-20mA Smart Capacitive Differential Pressure Transducer.
Cwe-65 1500W pH65/0810 Hammer Drill Demolition Hammer. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Interpump Kit 109 Rubber Water Seal and Gasket. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Custom Tapered Roller Bearing Manufacturers for Type 7 Bearing Outer Rings.Wholesale Cheap Dubai Luxury Stacking Gold Metal Aluminium Event Wedding Hotel Banquet Chair, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-High Quality Plastic Additive Antioxidant 1010 CAS 6683-19-8.
Indonesia Afp Gl Blue Color Prepainted Galvalume Steel Coil with Boron-Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,2019 Hot VIP Bus Passenger Seat with 2 by 1.
Acknowledgments
Wholesale Custom Blank Metal Magnetic Cap Clip Magnet Accessories Belt Poker Chip Stamp Rhinestone Bottle Opener Smiley Face Golf Ball Marker for Sale (41)(NSERC)OEM Customized Fabrication Anodized Mild Steel CNC Machining Car Parts.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
