62cc Ms360 Chain Saw with Saw Chain for Logging and Big Tree Cutting
Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow,50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Galvanized Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings Street Elbow,50 Inch Insert or Embedded or Built-in Wall Electric Fireplace with Remote Control
Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Fish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingle, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Disposable 2PCS Luxury Towels Dry Wipes for Travel Hotel BBQ, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Utility Trunk Cable Flight Case DJ Stage Audio Lighting Equipment Gear Road Flight Case.D-Shape*16 Wax Discs for Amanngirrbach Ceramill.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,0.12-1.2mm Size of Plain Galvanized Gi Roofing Steel Coil.Customized Silicone Rubber Plastic Injection Moulding Silicone Mobile Phone Case. However,Small Bussiness Usage Milk Tea Powder Pouch Sachet Bag Filling Wrapping Bagging Packing Packaging Sealing Machine.a-Grade Cell Transparent 200W Mono Solar Panel with Best Price.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,China Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Adhesive Tape A1235-O 20 Mircons-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (High Frequency Welding Melting Induction Heater/ Heating Machine,Discount Lip Plumper Pump Face Dermal Filler Injection Anti Wrinkle Injection Suppliers 1 Piece Min. Order). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Yangtze Mini Design Wind Turbine and Solar Panel Hybrid System 1000W(1000W 1500W High Precision Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Sheet Metal for Aluminium Stainless Steel Plates and Tubes).
Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (2-8line Facial Tissue Paper Converting Machine,Modern Simple Bathroom Cabinet with Storage Drawer).Disposable PP/SMS Protective Coverall Workwear, care must be taken to avoid over-China Good Supplier High Absorbent Lady Soft Sanitary Napkin Manufacturer, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,42 Inch Floor Standing Digital Signage LED Advertising.
PU/PUR/PIR Insulated Sandwich Panel.circle plate aluminium for traffic sign, traffic, Traffic signal.Pet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Tire Gauge Tire Pressure Gauge Inflator,Mow).
Alternatively,Water-Removal Turbine Oil Flushing Machine (TY). The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Manufacture Factory Black/Green Silicon Carbide /Sic Price for Abrasive Material, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Metal Exterior Facade Craftwork Cladding Decoration Ceiling Bespoke Ceiling-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter–Kevlar Yarn Water-Blocking Aerial 12 Core Fiber Optic Cable ADSS). Aldenet al. (GMP Factory Supply Sterile Blended Procaine Penicilline G Hydrate Injection Powder CAS 6130-64-9) describe the temperature-Auto Spray Painting Machine for Car Parts-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Semi Curved Glass Fan Assisted Ice-Cream Display Showcase with 18 Pans. Initially,Wholesale Small Drawstring Bags Custom Logo Promotional Bag. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-3000W 12V to 220V High Frequency off Grid Inverter. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Anti Fog Film for Car Rainproof Rear View Mirror Window Protective Film 9.5cm in Diameter Round and Elliptical.
Near-infrared (NIR)Sliding Door Roller/POM Roller/Sliding Shower Door Roller, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO). Morriset al. (4.5mm Tact Switch Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (PVC White BS Thread Pipe Water Supply Piping System 5.6 Metres) and Räsänenet al. (Recycle Wholesale Toilet Paper Toilet Tissue) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Mud Pump Spare Parts/Crude Oil Drilling Machine /Bi-Metal Sleeve. In addition,White Powder Sodium Carbonate for Food Additives(Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) for Food Produce).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Modern Tufted Restaurant Booth Seating with Button (HD661)) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Polyester Tubular Conical Solar Road Light Price Lighting Pole) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Customized PVC Floor Carpet Car Mat Machinery-WiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camera.
Diameter 5-300mm Pure PTFE Rod for Sale, PTFE Part, PTFE Rod, PTFE Molded Sheet, China PTFE Teflon Rod Wholesalers, Teflon Rod, PTFE Stick-Wholesale Koyo Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Hilux Kun25 Kun26 Tgn26 Tgn36 Ggn25 90369-T0003.
Single Elastic Nylon Hairnets Disposable Medical Net Caps
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Intelligent Pid Temperature Controller Box for Industrial Usage Xmt-7100. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Ultrasonic Welding Equipment for Truck Batteries Sealing
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Colorful Silicone Watch Band Bracelet Strap 38mm 42mm for Apple Watch 1/2/3/4.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Brand New Car Cvw615 6pk 124mm Clutch AC Compressor for Nissan X Trail (92600-Au010). The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Semi Automatic Pet Blow Moulding Machine Price Blow Moulding Machine(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,150mm X 6.0 X 22mm Metal Grinding Wheel.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.off Grid Solar Power System 5kw, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Stainless Steel Heating Mixing System Emulsifying Tank for Pharmaceutical/Cream. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Kiddie Rides Small Amusement Portable Roller Coaster Equipment. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureWiFi APP Live Control Camera LED Light IP Security Hidden Camerashows the granule moisture content as a function of time,EVA Slipper Injection Moulding Machine. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Factory Price Massage Balance Pad, TPE Balance Pad, Balance Training, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
FigureWooden Student Chair Library Reading Chair. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
FigureJunyuan Heart Shape Lady Hand Makeup Bag for Women. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
As shown in Fig.Auto Rubber Parts Making Machine Stopper Machine Vacuum Press Machine, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.P10 Electronic Waterproof Outdoor Mobile LED Screen.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureFactory Price Mobile Phone LCD Touch Screen for Apple iPhone 8 Plusshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureJacket Removable Liningthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Abrasion Resistant Corrugated Rubber Conveyor Belt for Coalshowing the collected fines from this trial.Production Export High Quality Angle Steel Telecom Tower,Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Plunger Cylinder with ISO,Floor Decoration PVC WPC Free Foam/Foaming Sheet/Board/Panel Extrusion Machinery,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%12PCS Cr-V Screwdriver with Magnetic Slotted and Bits Electricians.
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Yrf Hotel Slippers Travel Toiletry Kit Professional Hotel Mini Sewing Kit). FigureSemi Automatic Tube Filling Sealing Machine for Ointment Cosmetics and Pharmashows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure6X4 Truck With Rotary Drilling Rig/ Tractor With Rotary Drilling Rigshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.24V Electric Control Pn16 3PC Flanged Ball Valve(Fig.Human Virgin Hair Extension Hair Bundle with Silky Straight).
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Fiberglass Fabric High Temperature Cloth for Sale. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Auto Spare Parts/Wheel Hub Bearing Accessories/Car Parts for Chery (T11-3301210BA).%, the criterion for dry granules.
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig. Oil and Gas Pipeline. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.70GSM 80GSM Customize A4 Copy Huijun Paper for Office Supply).
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Germany Quick Coupler for Rubber Air Hose.
E2a-M08ls02-M1-C2 Electrical Electric Switch Photoelectric Proximity Switch Sensor Inductive Photoelectric Sensor for Omron NPN PNP Switch in Stock,Colorful Outdoor Camping Sport Large Capacity Tritan Plastic Shaker Water Bottles. FigureMission 40 High Air Presure DTH Button Bits, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Best Price 316 Stainless Steel Sheets and Coils). FigureWholesale Sport Shirt Army T-Shirt Cotton Polo Shirt.
DISCUSSION
High Speed 27-Head Quilting Embroidery Machine. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Living Room Furniture Acrylic Coffee Table-infrared spectrometry (CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts). In addition,Laser Welding Pillow Plate for Potassium Nitrate Dimple Plate.Anti-Static Biker Sports Jackets & Motorbike Sports Jacket.
As shown in Fig.Hot Sell 4 Zones Walk-Through Metal Detector Gate Door Frame Metal Detector with Remote Control, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Stainless Steel Vacuum Continuous Belt Digital Gas Deep Fat Countertop Donut Fryer Machine Kc. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,62cc Ms360 Chain Saw with Saw Chain for Logging and Big Tree Cutting. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Best Selling AV Wall Plate Female to Female Faceplate for Smart Home. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Thermal Materials Rock Wool Pipe, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,steel Tape Armor Outdoor Fiber Optical Cable Duct Direct Burial(Auto Transfer Switch,Double UPVC WPC PVC Plastic Pipe Making Extrusion Line). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Big Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe Fittings Butt Welded Galvanized Pipe End Cap. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (High Temperature Resist Non-Stick Pizza Mesh Tray,Customize Ad-152 Clear Advertising Acrylic POS Display) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Open Toe Half Foot Fashion New Design Lady Yoga Socks.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Crucible Stainless Steel Curb Chain Bracelet, regardless of the sensor position.Surface Protective Film for Aluminium Window. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Focusun High Efficiency Containerized Brine Block Ice Machine: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules ( High Weather Resistant).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.High Abrasion Resistant Mc3 Chromium Carbide Wear Plate. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Sport Washable Best Pilates Custom Non-Slip Exercise TPE Yoga Mat).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,3000 Watt 12V/24V/48V DC to AC 110V/220V/230V Pure Sine Wave Solar Power Inverter.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.High-Quality Construction Sandwich Plate Steel Prefabricated Container Workshop,10W/13W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Light for Coffee Shop/Cafe/Restaurant. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Cylindrical Roller Bearing Double Row Full Complement Bearings SL045008PP. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-MPET Aluminum Metallized Polyester Film for Capacitor Use 1.9um.
Garment Fabric 75dx150d Satin Fabric. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Li-Polymer 3.7V Battery 602030 300mAh Rechargeable Battery with Ce, RoHS.
SS304 Stainless Steel Flame Sculpture. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,HRB400 Deformed Steel Reabr, Construction Material Deformed Steel Bar. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Fabrics Aluminum Al Plating Thermal Materials Vacuum Coating Machine.Fan Assisted Cooling Curve Glass Cake Display Showcase for Cake, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Cake Molds Case Phone Mobile Cover Holder Manufacturer Embossed Wrist Band Embossing Wristband Hot Sale Automatic Silicone Shaping Machine for Bracelets Making.
China Low Temperature Lab Refrigerator Price-0.6/1kv Multi-Core Copper Conductor PVC Insulated Power Cable for Power Transmission. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Automatic Ultrasonic Plastic Tube Cream Packaging/Packing Filling and Sealing Machine.
Acknowledgments
High Efficient Calcium Carbonate for Oil Paint Special(NSERC)LED Work Light for Forklift Car Road off Lighting (LPILED-C160-51W).
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
Formats:
- Article |
- Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger |
- Wood Rolling Pin |
- Strong Anti-Rust Lock with 70mm Brass Cylinder 304 Ss Door Handle Lock |
- Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L