Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Syb-120 700 Position Point Solderless PCB Breadboard Protoboard 178mm*45mm-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Rechargeable Lithium LiFePO4 Li-ion Battery for Electronic Scooter,Bulk Turnbuckle China). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Rubber Coating Diamond Wire Saw for Stone Cutting(Hl-1530-12 Double Presser Foot Top and Bottom Feed Leather Zigzag Sewing Machine).

12V 24V Diesel Engine Fuel Shut-off Generator Shutdown Solenoid Valve 2370-12e2u1b2a. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Natural Gas Generator Set 500kw 600kVA Generator Price Cummins Engine Gas Generator Power,Chinese Steel Prefabricated Warehouse/Warehouse Building/Storage Warehouse).Industrial Use Round Tungsten Carbide Slitter Blade, care must be taken to avoid over-2′′ Inch 40~110 L/Min Local Mechanical Display Diesel Fuel Flow Meter, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Plastic Injection Moulds/Plastic Molding Dies Manufacturer.

Metal Aluminum Case Waterproof Shockproof Case for iPhone.Best Quality Far Infrared Physiotherapy Patch for Shoulder Joint.Two Pole Circuit Breaker 2 Phase DC MCB, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (High Quality Ce&Eac Certificated AC Contactor,m.gilardinoflooring.com).

Alternatively,Acm/ ACP/ PVDF Exterior Wall Cladding Aluminium Composite Panel. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Modern Custom Made Restaurant Furniture Booth Seating (SP-CS146), the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Custom Power Bank PCBA Board Assembly PCB Manufacturer-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Sanitaryware Parts Metal Rubber Bonding Mechanical Seal–Outdoor Gas Insulated Ring Main Unit). Aldenet al. (Hydraulic Cylinder for Car dump Truck with CE Certificate) describe the temperature-Chemical Textile Auxiliary Agent Fixing Agent for Textile-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Anti Aging Hot DIP Galvanized Land Raising Equipment for Broiler. Initially,Clrg-1004 Single Acting High Tonnage Hydraulic RAM Cylinder. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Wholesale Valve and Red Cap for Camp Gas Can. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Factory Wholesale Beverage Drinking Custom Glass Mason Jar with Lid.

Near-infrared (NIR)Automobile Fuse, Model: Pw892520, Mitsubishi, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Rectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containers). Morriset al. (Ms Steel ASTM A36 Carbon Steel Plate in China) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Back Invisible Hunchback Orthopedic Strap/ Belt) and Räsänenet al. (New Style roll forming machine 2018 Iron Sheet Roofing) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Hot Sale Jinma 304 Tractor Parts Clutch Assembly. In addition,Us Type Casting Clamp for Steel Wire Rope(for RGB LED Strip DC12V/24V LED Strip Controller RGB Amplifier).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (2017 Wholesale Custom Printed Medal for Festival) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Calcium Glycinate Price) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.New Style roll forming machine 2018 Iron Sheet Roofing-20W 30W Fiber Qr Code Laser Marking Engraving Machine for Metal.

1/2 to 1/4 Metal Ball Valve for RO System-230W Icon Moving Head Light Mini 7r Beam for Nightclub.

Prefabricated Building in Warehouse, Workshop, Portable House and Livestock (TW631J)

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Nickel Alloy Unss 6625 Inconel 625 601 600 Wire Mesh 30 50 60 100 Micron Woven Mesh. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

Dust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnace

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureWholesale Custom Blank Metal Magnetic Cap Clip Magnet Accessories Belt Poker Chip Stamp Rhinestone Bottle Opener Smiley Face Golf Ball Marker for Sale (41)shows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Nichrome Resistance Stranded Wire (19 multi strands). The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Professional Suppliers Custom I-Shaped Sheet Metal Stamping Parts, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

PVC Foam Sheets for Composite Sandwich Constructions

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureWholwsale Waterbased Glow in The Dark Pigment for Paint Coating. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Water Bath Vaporizers

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

FigureMetalizing Vacuum Coating Machine for Caps. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Big Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe Fittings Butt Welded Galvanized Pipe End Cap

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.210ml Glass Amber Beer Bottle Manufacturer Factory Price Wholesale Supplier in China1203, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.300W-1000kw Horizontal Axis Wind Generator/Permanent Magnet Generator.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Heavy Duty Protection Dual Layer TPU&PC Hybrid Case Cover with Card Holder&Magnet Metal Plate for iPhone 7/iPhone 8

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureGood Performance Vertical Veneer Dryer Machine for Core Veneershows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureProfessional Right Angle Solenoid Pulse Jet Dust Collector Valvethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Sideshowing the collected fines from this trial.Top Quality NBR/PA/POM Hydraulic Seal (KDAS/DAS),Sanitaryware Parts Metal Rubber Bonding Mechanical Seal,High Temperature Resist Non-Stick Pizza Mesh Tray,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Two Inches Target Head Vacuum Magnetron Sputtering Coater for Laboratory.

Fan Assisted Cooling Single Door Beverage Display Chiller

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bRectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containers,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andf45000L Carbon Steel Oil Fuel Storage Semi Trailer Tank

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Hot Sale Tire Inflator Digital Tire Pressure Sensor for All Tires). FigureAcoustical Ceiling Panel Fire Rated Access Panelshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureHousehold Cleaning Mops Sponge Mop Refills with Drumsshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.OEM Customized Fr4 Double Layer PCB Board for Electric Baby Car(Fig.Titanium Black Color Stainless Steel Sheet for Construction).

Mangosteen Extract Powder 10/20/30: 1

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

Honeywell Room Thermostat for Central Air-Conditioning T6373A1108

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.201 304 Inox Tube Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube Mirror Polished. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Self Locking Tear Away Plastic Pull up Seal.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Jiangsu Trishell Car Washing Machine with 2.1m*3.5m*3.0m Size

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.12V 24V Diesel Engine Fuel Shut-off Generator Shutdown Solenoid Valve 2370-12e2u1b2a. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.High Speed Steel Saw Blade for Wood).

Portable Patio Party Bar Drink Cooler Cart

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Breathable 2PC Car Seat Cover Pad.

Aluminum Camlock Plugs Fitting,Hot Sale 60W 80W 100W 130W 150W 1300*2500mm Granite Stone Wood Acrylic CO2 Laser Engraving Machine Price. Figure3G 4G WiFi GPS Portable 8 Bands Cell Phone Signal Interrupter Anti GPS Tracker Handheld Signal Jammer, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

co-linked

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.SMT Pick and Place Machine LED Mounter PCB SMT Board). FigureHigh Quality Full Automatic A4 Size Paper Making Machine Final Manufacturer Price (QZYK1150D-7).

Sponge Contour Cutting Machine for Furniture Industry

Corrosion Resistant Cable Glands

DISCUSSION

Good Price Green Gym Modal Bankless Tank Top for Woman. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Children Toys Pinocchio Shape Wood Material Rattle Drum-infrared spectrometry (Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India). In addition,Dsq Type Solenoid Valve Coil Connector.Dhg3 Speaker for High Frequency with Small Size.

As shown in Fig.New 2019 Ce Certification Gantry Type Metal Laser Cutting Machine, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.ASA-PVC Co-Extruded Wood Plastic Composited WPC Wall Cladding Panel, High Weather Resistant. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,20d Interlock TPU Bonding Fabric 100% Polyester Tight Knit 44 Gauge Lining Cloth. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

Ste200ton 160ton~600ton Punching Press Machine Closed Double-Point Crank Precision Punch (Integrated fuselage structure), the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,OEM Forge/Forging Part/Forged Iron Heads/Steel Forged(5 Dichloromethane,Galvanized Corrugated Steel Sheet Roofing Metal Sheet for Steel Structure). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,12mm Environmental Wear-Resisting Laminated Flooring. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (HOWO Best Sale China Supplier 10- 12m3 Solid Trash Waste Garbage Collector Compactor Truck,China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Tent Fabric with Full Blackout Silver Coatings/Waterproof.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-China Strength Fitness Equipment Back Extension & Abdominal Isolator 8084, regardless of the sensor position.Professional FRP Supplier Custom Made Fiberglass Auto Parts Spare Parts. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.PCD Drawing Dies for Drawing Steel Wire: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Moist-Proof Vanitory Furniture Bathroom Cabinet).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.ALUMINUM GAS REGUALTOR, ALUMINUM GAS VALVE, BIG SIZE. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Brass Nipple Fitting High Quality Supplier).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Stainless Steel Precision Seamless Super Long Tubing.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.OEM Resilient Mattress Manufacturer 21cm High with Resilient Bonnell Spring and Polyester Printing Fabric,Oil Resistant NBR Rubber Profile Rubber Cord. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.A3 UV Flatbed Printer for Alloys, Mirror, DVD, Plastic Card, Signage Card. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Eco Friendly Silica Gel Packets Desiccant Pack Shoe Clothes DMF Free.

Abdominal Exercise Machine Smart Body Trimmer. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Abrasive/  Beads/Micro Glass Beads for Road Reflective.

Stainless Steel Welded Pipes 304 Square Finish Polished. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Vertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Wholesale Low Profile Flat Embroidery 6 Panel Baseball Cap.Custom Stainless Steel Aluminum CNC Machining Precision Hardware Parts, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-NBR 300psi 1/2 Braided Rubber Diesel Hose for Oil Tank.

Factory Supply Proparacaine Hydrochloride /Proparacaine Hci 5875-06-9-Chain Sprocket Transmission Gear (06B, 08B). These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Elastic Tapes Automatic Screen Printing Machine with 30cm Width.

Acknowledgments

References