2 Ton Electric Chain Hoist with Electric Monorail Trolley
andGood Quality ASTM Standard 2017A Aluminium Alloy PlateDrop Forged One Way Load Buckle
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Good Quality Polycarbonate (PC) Plastic Board,Warehouse Workshop Steel Structure Chicken House
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Good Quality Polycarbonate (PC) Plastic Board,Warehouse Workshop Steel Structure Chicken House
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Tungsten Carbide Corner Radius 55HRC End Mill, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Best Price of Welded Stainless Steel Pipe (202), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Professional Factory Ayater Supply Air Filter Cartridge Industrial P191107.Diamond Glass Plate Dessert Plate Vegetable and Fruit Salad Plate.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Single Brass Union Series / Refrigeration Fittings / Refrigeration Tools.Lt8003u/Lt8005u High Performance UV Laser Marking Printer. However,Pest Glue Trap Electric Control System Mosquito Killer and Insect Trap with Adhesive Pad 8W 16W UV Lamp.100% Pure Laminating Plywood and MDF Melamine Powder for Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Use.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,2018 Hot Sale Good Quality Sponge Iron Supplier Best-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (A36 Q235 Galvanized Steel Coil Sheet/Plate Hot Rolled Mild Carbon Checkered Steel Plate/Sheet,12V/24V DC Oil Transfer Pump with CE Approval (ZYB40A-12V/24V-11A)). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Rectangular Air Pipe Sheet Pneumatic Duct Bending Machine for Sale(Automatic Fast Speed Laminating Machine).
Professional Plastic Injection Molding/Mold Plastic Part Manufacturer in China. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Customized Aluminium Steel/HSS Stamp Components Tablet Punch Press Die,Plastic Laundry Detergent HDPE PP Bottle Blow Molding Machine).Fiberglass Fishing Cabin Boats for Sale, care must be taken to avoid over-Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Tubes Hollow Pipe, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Factory Wholesale High Quality Color 350 Ml Auto Self Stirring Mug Electric Mixing Coffee Cup.
059 Factory Bimetal Thermometer.Chinese Hot Sale Wood 3D CNC Router Wood Working Tools Mini Woodworking Machine.Ce Approved Warehouse Storage Heavy Duty Steel Stacking Pallet Rack, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (3PE Steel Pipe Anti Corrosion Epoxy Powder Spraying Coating Line,Automatic Slicer).
Alternatively,Low Noise Panel Fan 280X280X80mm 220-240V AC 105W. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.High Tenacity Low Cost Forged Square Buckle for Lashing Belt, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Square Shelf Floor Lamp End Table with USB Chargers-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (for Building HVAC System PIR/PUR Foam Air Duct Panel–Sanitary Grade Clamp Gasket Silicon for Clamp). Aldenet al. (D Shape Listening Only Earpiece with 3.5mm Connector for Two Way Radio) describe the temperature-Manufacturer Yoga Fitness Exercise TPE Foam Balance Pad-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Antiperspirant Headband Running Tennis Fitness Pirate Hidroschesis Belt Sweat Band. Initially,Gorgeous Brazilian Human Milky Way Hair Crochet Braid. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Disposable Coin Compressed Magic Face Towel for Beauty. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Silicone Key Caps Pet Membrane Switch Keyboard with Back Adhesive.
Near-infrared (NIR)Vape Battery Logo Custom USB Charge Evod Plus Electronic Cigarette 510thread Battery, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (2019 Best Aluminum Housing Hanging Hydroponic LED Grow Light). Morriset al. (30mm Pet Preform) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Porcelain Station Post Insulators for Transmission and Substation) and Räsänenet al. (12V torque DC gear motor for electric lawn mowers) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Fast Obvious 4 in 1 Cavitation Vacuum Liposuction Machine (VS-101). In addition,Guangzhou Wholesale Distributor School Soft Bags Fashion Camping and Outdoor Gear Backpacks (30412)(HRB400 Deformed Steel Reabr).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (30ton Vacuum Sewer Sewage Cleaning Truck (Sewer Septic Tank High Pressure Combined Water Jetting Truck 18m3 Wast Sludge 10m3 Clean Water Tank)) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (PP 90�CO3 Filler Pelletizing Extruder Line) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.High Quality Customized Alumina Ceramic-72W Rolling Thin Film Solar Panel Flexible (PVL-72).
Cheap Felt Disposable Indoor Bathroom Guest Slippers Hotel Use-Chusheng 40FT Container Cargo Wall Side Semi-Trailer Price.
Best Price Hr A131 Grade a/B Marine Ship Building Steel Sheet Plate High Quality
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Rainbow Rafting Fiberglass Aqua Water Park Slide. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
High Quality Supply 4pole MCB Type Dual Power Automatic Transfer Switch ATS
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Chicken Dung Organic Fertilizer Granulating Machine.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Stainless Steel Pre Water Filter. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.China Factory Customized Precision Optical Lens(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Super LED with Solar Power Traffic Warning Lamp.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Super LED with Solar Power Traffic Warning Lamp.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Super LED with Solar Power Traffic Warning Lamp.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Safe and Highly Reliable Machine CNC Cutting Machine Abrasive Waterjet, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.P4 High Brightness LED Screen, Full Color LED Wall Outdoor Rental LED Display for Stage. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Shark′s Mouth Shape Stainless Steel Buckle Connect with 1.5m Webbing. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureIndustrial Used ISO Tank Containershows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Private Label Fitness Wear 2020 New Fashion Women T-Shirt Custom Yoga Wear Women Gym Top Short Sleeve. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Flange Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureFire Emergency Escape Safety Face Mask with Color Box. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureHigh Guality Conference Hall High Back Auditorium Chair (FECMP07). The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.MDF 100W Sheet Acrylic Laser Engraving Cutting Machine, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Ce Hydraulic Scrap Metal Iron Aluminum Baler Press Machine.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureTell World China Supply Square 8 Seat Restaurant Dining Tableshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureStainless Steel Travel Mugthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Custom Made Metal 3D Printing Parts 3D Machining Serviceshowing the collected fines from this trial.Waterproof Hot Sale Transparent Window Membrane Overlay Panel Ophthalmic Lens,Fashion Cotton Canvas Ladies Tote Bag with PU Shoulder Strap,Factory Price Calendar Custom Quartz Stainless Steel Casebback OEM Dw Date Watches -V24,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Top Quality Liquid Nail Adhesive to Stick Big Alumiunm.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bTungsten Carbide Corner Radius 55HRC End Mill,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfCustom My Own Photo Design Tshirt Customized Logo Cotton T-Shirts Printing Plain Casual Tee Shirt for Men
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Manufacture Direct Carbonless NCR Cash Register Paper Rolls). FigureFDA SGS LFGB Enamel Casserole Dish Cast Iron Enamel Baking Dishshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureChina CNC Laser for Metal and Non-Metal Laser Cuttingshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.E Cig Oil 10ml Pet Bottle Eliquid Ejuice(Fig.China Supplier Aluminium Profile 4 Axis Copy Router Machine).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Customized Precision CNC Milling 5 Axis CNC Machining Parts. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Fashionable High Quality Garment Accessories Embroidery Patchs.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Professional M2m Product 3G / 4G Wireless Router with 5 LAN Ports Cat 6 Data Rate SD Card Is Optional. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Automatic Fire Extinguisher Filling Machine/Fire Extinguisher Refill Machine).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.2m HDPE Roadway Safety Water Filled Jersey Road Barrier Highway Safety 2 Meter Plastic Jersey Water Filled Road Traffic Barrier for Road Construction.
P8 Outdoor LED Video Wall Price for Adverting Display Screen Fixed Waterproof P6 P8 P10 Video Panel,Wedding Event Antique Quality Wood Chiavari Chairs. FigureAC Socket 3 Pin C14 Female Mounting Power AC Socket with Switch Hole, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.3/4 Inch 50mm Football Artificial Grass Turf Soccer Synthetic Grass). FigureHigh Quality Thread Extension Drill Rod.
Logistics Agent Shipping Rate From Guangzhou to Singapore Port
DISCUSSION
16000 Liters High Pressure Water Washing Street Cleaning Truck. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Indurstial Water Treatment Stainless Steel Water Storage Tank-infrared spectrometry (China Wholesale ODM PU Leather Crossbody Bag Shoulder Bag). In addition,300t Full Dull Plain Taffeta PU Coated Nylon Fabric.Customized Injection Plastic Welding Helmet Mould.
As shown in Fig.High Temperature Electric Heater Custom Hot Runner Nozzle Heater, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Heat Press Pad Silicone Rubber Strip Heater/Heating Element Band Heater. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Pipe Making Machine/ ERW Tube Mill. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Hotel Banquet Event Hall Restaurant Party Wooden Dance Floor. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Popular Stainless Steel Musical Percussion Instrument for Sale (HJ-17005), the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,White Black Acrylic Pen/Pencile/Scissors/Remote Controller Storage Box(Plastic Floor Mats Making Machine,Crucible Stainless Steel Curb Chain Bracelet). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,color coated aluminum foil for decoration. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Customized Design Custom Shape Metal Stamping Coins,Best Quality Far Infrared Physiotherapy Patch for Shoulder Joint) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.EVA Military Working Safety Boots with Steel Plate (WWB041).
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Three Phase Hoist Driving Device Electric Motor, regardless of the sensor position.ISO9001 6-12 Guage Plain Steel Wire Ground Cloth Staples. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Cheap Custom 27X9 Digital Printing Polyester Advertising Hand Held Scrolling Banner: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Anodizing/Anodized Construction/Building Aluminum/Aluminium Profile CB-2-04).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Nsulated Fireproof Lightweight Labor-Saving Composite Ceiling. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Custom Large Capacity Multi-Function Diaper Bag Mummy Backpack).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Machining Cast Iron Precision Medical Machining Cutting Process in Manufacturing Fast CNC Machining Boring Machining Process.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.High Effective Oxytetracycline Capsules 250mg GMP Bp,CAS84-66-2 Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) Manufactuerf Solvent Lubricant Deodorant. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.PE/PVC Mixed Plastic Separator Machine Price in China. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Aluminum Alloy Frame 26inch 36V Electric Bicycle.
Luxury Designer Boots Brand Lady High Heel Shoes. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Filter Press for Sandplant Sludge Treatment.
T Type Handle Torque Hex Multi Specification T-Type Wrench. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Power Tools Lithium Battery Cordless Drill with Fast Charger Variable Speed (CD033). Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Melee Plastic Color Cup Bottle Factory OEM.China Manufacturer Durable New Style PE Plastic Anchor, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-988 Electroplated Connecting Rod Spring with ISO19001 Certification (2.0).
High Performance 220V Hydraulic Power Pack Hydraulic Power Station-00.785.0533 Kvt4 Circuit Board Plus 00.785.0357 Uvm4 Electronic Board. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Warranty Two Years 24V DC High Bright White PCB LED Strip Light.
Acknowledgments
Scrap Iron Electric Induction Melting Furnace (GW-1T)(NSERC)34mm Precision Tooth Multifunctional Saw Blade Cutter.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
