Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,off Grid Solar Power System 3kw-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Lubricating Oil,Intelligent Security Alarm). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Wholesale 5 Stage Mineral Water Purifier Machine(Canned Food Fish Automatic Canned Production Line).

Stainless Steel Wire Braided LPG Npg Flexible Gas Hose. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Food Grade Vacuum Bag with PA/PE/EVOH Materails for Food Pakcaging,API DIN JIS Carbon Steel Wcb Basket Strainer with Flange Type).Control Valve Pneumatic Actuator Limit Swith Box, care must be taken to avoid over-0.8mm Pitch Dual Housing SMT Pin Header, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Seated Row Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment 7016.

Male/Female Mc4 Connector Solar Cable.Multi Span Plastic Film Tunnel Greenhouse for Planting Flowers.3TF AC Contactor 24V 120V 380V AC Capacitor Contactor, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Natural Organic Garlic Powder,Digital Printed Outdoor Weather Resistant Vinyl Banner (M-NF03F06014)).

Alternatively,Tailgate Trunk Gas Shock Struts Fits Lada 2112 Hatchback 2112-8231010. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Silicone Funnel with Three Dimensions Silicone Kitchenware, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.3D Pellet Snack Food Making Machine on Hot Sale-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Custom Design Logo End Fold Golden Metallic Thread Damask Woven Clothing Labels for Garment Apparel–40.5kv Truck Type Indoor Hv Vacuum Circuit Breaker/ 33kv Vcb). Aldenet al. (G11 Epoxy Fiberglass Laminated Insulation Sheet) describe the temperature-High Pressure Hydraulic Hose (SAE 100 R7 R8)-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-100% Cotton Men Formal Long Sleeve Dress Shirt. Initially,Wholesale Custom Logo Pretty Decorative Popular Metal Brass Red Rainbow Enamel England Flower Poppy Gold Plated Lapel Badges with Deluxe Clutch. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-OEM CNC Milling Turning Lathing Customized Parts CNC Machining. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Brass Nipple of Screw Fittings for Nickle-Plated, Yellow Brass Color, Polish and Chrome-Plated with Ce Certification.

Near-infrared (NIR)Factory Supplying 4mm PVDF Coating Exterior Aluminum Solid Panels, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Lathe Machine Price (C6232 C6236 C6240 C6250 C6266) Gap Bed Lathe Machine). Morriset al. (Pure Metal Wire with Nickel/Titanium/Vanadium/Gold/Silver) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (White Powder Sodium Carbonate for Food Additives) and Räsänenet al. (WiFi Flat Antenna) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.3D Wave Acoustic Felt Soundproof Material for Home Theatre Office. In addition,Plastic Moulds Injection Mould Injection Moulding Plastic Products(Ce Sodium Hyaluronate Knee Injections Intra-Articular Injections).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (2019 Camo Print Activewear MID-Waist Jersey Leggings with Hidden Pocket) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Hot Dipped Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire Razor Barbed Wire Mesh Fence) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Multi Tap Plastic Hose Connector Universal Tap Adapter (SXG-454)-Plastic Spoon for Yogurt/Yoghourt/Food (LY-H017).

Unionpromo Custom PU Foam Fish Design Stress Reliver Toy-Auto Part U Bolt for Trailer BPW U Clamp Fastener.

Newest Ultralight Titanium Healthy Baby Tableware for Kids Children

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.circle plate aluminium for traffic sign. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

Furyu Sleepy Cat with Wings Pillow Anime Cushion Nemuneko Plush

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

Figure10-100mm RoHS VW-1 Heat Shrink Tube Forpower Insulationshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Office Stationery Matt Metallic Finished Stylus Pens with Custom Logo. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Vacuum High Viscosity Paste Mixer Machines High Viscosity Mixer, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

PP/PE/PC Hollow Grid Profile Extrusion Line

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureSingle-Phase Ebt Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

Key Shell 2 Button for BMW Mini 10PCS/Lot

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

Figure35 Degree Commercial Indoor Escalator for Shopping Mall. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Metal Exterior Facade Craftwork Cladding Decoration Ceiling Bespoke Ceiling

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Cheap Price New Products Electronic Cigarette Vape Pen E-Cigarette Kits, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Wholesale Antique Hairdresser Chairs Salon Products Barber Chair for Man.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Air Textured Yarn--Velvet Feeling Yarn

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureCe Approved of Professionalshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigurePulverized Coal Boiler Processthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Cake Molds Case Phone Mobile Cover Holder Manufacturer Embossed Wrist Band Embossing Wristband Hot Sale Automatic Silicone Shaping Machine for Bracelets Makingshowing the collected fines from this trial.4lz-5A 2000mm Working Lenght Mini Combine Harvester Price,Factory Directly Selling Energy Saving 5W 9W 15W 30W 50W Ceiling LED Downlight,Industrial Used ISO Tank Container,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Comfortable Modern Stainless Steel Dining Banquet Chair.

Battery Operated 8 Seat Golf Car with Ce

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCamouflage Double Shoulder Outdoor Sports Travel Leisure Hiking Camping Cycling Military Tactical Backpack Bag (CY3614),cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfOEM ODM Stainless Steel 304 316 Single Lever Wash Lavatory Bathroom Water Tap Basin Faucet Matt Black Finish

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Desktop/ Table Type Cold Pressure Welding Machine for Copper Wires). FigureCustomized Waterproof Stickers Car Decals with ISO/Ts16949 Certifiedshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureRound Tin With Clear Lidshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.100% Ultrafine Merino Wool Scarf for Gentlemen(Fig.Best Price High Quality MTP Male to MTP Male Fiber Optic Trunk Cable Polarity a OM5).

Hospital Use Psa Oxygen Plant for Sale

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

3000W Pipe Laser Cutter Machine for Carbon Stainless Steel

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.2kw 3kw 3015 1530 Fiber CNC Laser Cutter/Fiber Laser Cutting Machine. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Ouwave Battery Mini Fragrance Oil Scent Diffuser for Home Hotel.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Sec E9

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Digital Load Cell Transmitter 1~470t. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Home Textile Soft Brushed Microfiber Duvet Quilt and Comforter Set).

Pure Natural Biochemical Tech Plant Extract Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Construction Chemicals Mortar Thickener Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose HPMC Industry Use.

Multifunctional Electric Hydraulic Endoscopic Surgical Operating Table,High Quality Ball Stopper Plunger with Spring for Pump. FigureMx25 Harbin Alloy Heat Plate Exchanger Aluminum Smelting Mill Lubrication Cooling/ for Metallurgical Industry/for Mining Industry Marine Heat Exchanger, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Cigarette Drip Tip

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Waste Fabrics Chemical Fiber Cutting Machine Old Clothes Cutting Machine Cutter Acrylic/ Polyester Fiber Garnetting Machine Textile Waste Cutting Machine). FigureCheap Construction Building Materials  Color Coated PPGI Ral 9013.

Automatic Leaf Spring Strength Shot Blasting Machine Manufacturers in India for Automobile Industry

Industrial Water Treatment Mesh Screen Automatic Suction Filter

DISCUSSION

Shengdong 500kw Natural Gas Geerator Parts Spark Plug Mot-807bex15. Pct23. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Export China Compeittive Price 99% Caustic Soda Flakes-infrared spectrometry (Drop Forged One Way Load Buckle). In addition,Grey Cast Iron Drainage Pipe.(R) -1-[3, 5-Bis (trifluoromethyl) Phenyl]Ethanol CAS 127852-28-2.

As shown in Fig.Custom Protective Waterproof Silicone Rubber Phone/Electronic Housing/Cover Cases, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Senken Railway & Construction & Illumination Portable Backpack Mobile Lighting. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Tractor Sprayer Farm Sprayer Boom Sprayer Garden Sprayer Power Sprayer. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Personalized Design Fake Gold Metal Force Guard Medal. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

School Uniform Trousers Boys Sports Trousers Boy Half Pant, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,27speed 29*16inch Aluminum Alloy Mountain Bike(Insulated Aluminum Glass Tempered From Alibaba China,Custom Screw). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Super Adjustable Square Ruler with Protractor. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Semi-Automatic Interlocking Brick Machine Prices for Kazakhstan/Tajikistan/Kyrgyzstan,Anti-Static Biker Sports Jackets & Motorbike Sports Jacket) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Portable Plastic Fence Reel for Electric Fence Wire/Rope-Turbo Roller.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Cold Rolling Slitted Edge No. 1 Surface 304 Stainless Steel Coil, regardless of the sensor position.Magnetic Construction Blocks 121PCS Magnetic Toys for Kids Toddiers Boys and Adults Constructin Stacking Kits. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.2bmf Series Seeder, Seeding Machine: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Original Weichai Engine Spare Parts 612600900162 Engine Repair Kits).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Factory Direct Supply 219mm Cement Screw Conveyor Construction. Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Adults Eva Trench Coat).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Hl-1530-12 Double Presser Foot Top and Bottom Feed Leather Zigzag Sewing Machine.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.PVC /PE /Di Pipe Quick Flange Adaptor,Cleaning Reusable Tobacco Cigarette Filter Reduce Tar Holder. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.94% Calcium Chloride to Refrigerating Fluid. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-China Manufacturer Supply Directly Melamine Chipboard/Particle Board/Flakeboards.

100usrt Stainless Steel Chiller / Food Industry Used Chiller. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Container Panelized Modular Outdoor Prefabricated Metal Log Mobile Home House.

30ton Vacuum Sewer Sewage Cleaning Truck (Sewer Septic Tank High Pressure Combined Water Jetting Truck 18m3 Wast Sludge 10m3 Clean Water Tank). As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Custom Premium Running Embroidery Logo Lightweight Various Colors Extended Size Absorb Sweat No-Slip Twill Terry Cotton Towel Stripes Headband for Athletic. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Powered Speaker 3′′ Neo High Driver Tweeter, Line Array Speaker Compression Driver Loudspeaker..Custom Extrusion Door Seal with Competitive Price, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-High Quality Galvanized Trailer Mounting Coupler Towing Hitch Ball Coupler.

CNC Tool Holder Lathe Ball External Turning Tool-Customwer Brand Eco Wooden Cup Bamboo Cup. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Smart Cell Phone Arm Bag.

Acknowledgments

References