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Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Indoor Playground Amusement Park Dry Cleaning Ball Pool Washing Ball Machine,2019 Best Aluminum Housing Hanging Hydroponic LED Grow Light
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Indoor Playground Amusement Park Dry Cleaning Ball Pool Washing Ball Machine,2019 Best Aluminum Housing Hanging Hydroponic LED Grow Light
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,5mm DIP LED for Traffice Light Amber Green Red 5mm LED, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Best Price 316 Stainless Steel Sheets and Coils, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Five Arms Used Zoomlion Qy50V 50 Ton Mobile Truck Crane.UHF Wireless Microphone Conference System Jm-900.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Self Contained Positive Pressure Air Breathing Apparatus Scba.Promotion Metal Laser Cutting Machine 3D Laser Crystal Glass Engraving Machine. However,850nm Telescopic Interactive Pointer IR Touch Pen for Portable Interactive Whiteboard.Good Quality Tooth Extracting Forceps Dental Forceps with CE.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Top Grade Wax Paraffin 100 Kg/Paraffin Wax Semi Refined-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (High Power 162W CREE LED 4X4 DRL Offroad Work Lights,SSR-25AA 24-480VAC to 90-280VAC Solid State Relay). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:2018 New Arrival Custom Gold Plated Aluminum Material Special Award Trophy as Decoration (013)(High Quality Custom Lovely for Plush Toy Fashioplush Toy).
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Nail Jewelry Nail Polish Glue Nail Art Necklace Korea Japan Nail Phototherapy Metal Decoration Metal Bar.Custom 3D Printing Plush Vegetable Cushion.Fashion Wall Mount Makeup Mac Cosmetic Display Stand Design, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L,Ce Open Top Automatic Vertical Flat Float Glass Glazing Washing and Dry Machine).
Alternatively,1.5m UV Printer Large Format Digital UV LED Flatbed Inkjet Printer. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.API DIN JIS Carbon Steel Wcb Basket Strainer with Flange Type, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Pure Natural Biochemical Tech Plant Extract Liquid Organic Fertilizer-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Yellow UHMWPE Plastic Mobile Crane Outrigger Pads–New Arrival Products Waterproof Automatic Device Production Automobile Car Relay). Aldenet al. (Hot Selling 2 USB Ports USB Chargers Accessories for Mobile Phone) describe the temperature-CNC Machining Dam-Board ABS Plastic Fence for Garden-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Waterproof & Stain Resistant Heather Dog Hammock and Pet Seat Cover. Initially,Wholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Indoor Use PIR Motion Sensor LED Wall Night Light with Ce RoHS FCC. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Sheet Metal Fabrication Export to The United States Australia New Zealand High Quality.
Near-infrared (NIR)Peel and Stick Self Adhesive PVC Vinyl Flooring Tile for Building Material, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Popular Facial Mask Acrylic Cosmetic Display for Show Case). Morriset al. (2 Rolls PE Garbage Bags or Supermarket Bag in Roll Making Machine) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. ( Liquor) and Räsänenet al. (ISO9001 6-12 Guage Plain Steel Wire Ground Cloth Staples) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Weak Acid Dyes, Acid Red 18 for Textile. In addition,OEM Pump Impellers in Lost Wax /Investment/Precision Casting for Machine(8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Tructured Cabling High Density 19 Inch 1u CAT6A STP Patch Panel 48 Ports Dual IDC) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Individual Wrapped Bubble Tea Straws) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Wedding Jewelry Set, Bridal Necklace Earring Jewelry Set, Factory Direct Wholesale-Latest Technologysus304L Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube for Cooling Sea Water.
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Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Kiddie Rides Small Amusement Portable Roller Coaster Equipment. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
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Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%PVC Coated Fiberglass Window Mosquito Screen, 18X16, 120G/M2, Grey or Black.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Ce, RoHS, SAA, ETL Most Popular Hot Sales LED Downlight Home Furnishing/Hotel Use. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Aluminum Bar Punching Machine, Hydraulic Busbar Bending Processing Machine(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Waterproof IP65 Dustproof 1200mm Tubes 50W LED Tri Proof Light.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Waterproof IP65 Dustproof 1200mm Tubes 50W LED Tri Proof Light.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Waterproof IP65 Dustproof 1200mm Tubes 50W LED Tri Proof Light.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Industrial Pork Fascia Removing /Meat Processing Equipments, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.American Style Disposable Round Black PP Plastic Food Box with Clear Lid. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Mini Digger Hot Sale in Australia. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureMdst Modular Kit for Steel Wall Mount Boxshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Rainbow Rafting Fiberglass Aqua Water Park Slide. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.CNC Hot Wire 3D Foam Cutting Machine/Sponge Cutting/Basotect Cutting, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureHigh Quality CCCW Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Coating for Construction. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
Figure125kHz Proximity Compatible Smart Card Reader. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Economic Mechanical CNC Punching Machine/CNC Turret Punch Press, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Cardboard Food Packaging Carton Box with Clear PVC Window.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureStandard Exported Package China Cheap CNC Milling Xk7125Ashows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureHigh Quality Popular Stainless Steel Biscuit Making Machine for Salethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Buy 99% Ru58841 Powder Equol for Hair Growthshowing the collected fines from this trial.Fidget Stress Pad Cube New 2018 Children Adults Adhd Toy Autism Special Needs,Furyu Sleepy Cat with Wings Pillow Anime Cushion Nemuneko Plush,Prefabricated Large Span Light Frame Corrugated Steel Shed,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Back Invisible Hunchback Orthopedic Strap/ Belt.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,b5mm DIP LED for Traffice Light Amber Green Red 5mm LED,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andf10g Bidi SFP+ Module Wdm 1270/1330nm LC 20km Dom Module
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.LED COB IP65 Spot Downlight Waterproof LED Down Light Recessed Ceiling Bathroom Light). FigureRated Power 2000kw Rated Voltage 6000V Frequency of The Current Supply Network 50Hz Number of Phases 3pH Frequency Rotation 375rpm Stator Current 225A IP55shows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureWholesale Price Aluminum Mountain Bike Frame Electric Bicycle Frameshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.2019 Bluetooth V5.0 Stereo Earphone Wireless I11 Tws Earbuds(Fig.55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Children Day Backpack Customized Primary School Bags. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Clear Transparent Soft Clear PVC Sheet.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Wholesale Price Colled Rolled ASTM / AISI / SUS / GB / DIN / JIS 904L Super Mirror Stainless Steel Sheet. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.4G WiFi GPS Industrial Antenna).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.High Quality Ce&Eac Certificated AC Contactor.
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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.High Precision Human Body Scale). FigureCAS: 9003-01-4 Polyacrylic Acid PAA 63%.
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DISCUSSION
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As shown in Fig.160lm/W 1200W LED Stadium Sport High Mast Flood Light, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Color Painted Aluminium Coil for Car License Plate. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Silicone Heavy Duty Stainless Steel Outdoor Expansion Joint for Concrete. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Pet/PP Rope Making Machine/String Weaving Machine. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
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The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Double Sided PCB for Hand-Held&Nbsp; Terminal(Lab Roller Mill,Small High Pressure Lab Reactor Autoclave). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Welding Grade Calcined Bauxite for Welding Flux. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (2019 Curved Round Office Sofa School Sofa Seating,Cardboard Food Packaging Carton Box with Clear PVC Window) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Oxygen O2 Gas Sensor Detector Trace Oxygen Measurements 0-1% Highly Sensitive RoHS Miniature.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Strong Anti-Rust Lock with 70mm Brass Cylinder 304 Ss Door Handle Lock, regardless of the sensor position.Mpp (CBB21/CBB22) Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor (Coating) -224j630VDC-P=15. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Automotive Speakers Snial Horn for Cars: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Hot Selling 2 USB Ports USB Chargers Accessories for Mobile Phone. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Decorate Pvc Foam Board).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,2019 USA Best Selling Kingtons Disposable Vape Pen E Cigarette.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.12′-26 Mountain Bicycle Tyre Bike Tire,A36 Q235 Galvanized Steel Coil Sheet/Plate Hot Rolled Mild Carbon Checkered Steel Plate/Sheet. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Quarry Scalping Rock Sieving Screen Mesh. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Automatic 18L Olive Oil Square Tin Can Packing Machine.
Stainless Steel Tube Manufacturer (317L, 904L, 309S, 310S). One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Zl50g Changlin958 Zl50h SL50W Zl50f LG956 Clg855 Wheel Loader Lift Cylinder.
94V0 PCB for USB Flash Drive with Ce RoHS. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Beautiful Design Large Size Round European Quartz Wall Clock. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-600g Automotive Parts Transport Facility Glass Fiber Woven Roving.
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Acknowledgments
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References
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