Natural Rubber, Tire Recycled Rubber, Asphalt Raw Material Rubber for Rubber Road Surface
andBolt Knot Irregular Metal Alloy Handbags Bags Decoration20d Interlock TPU Bonding Fabric 100% Polyester Tight Knit 44 Gauge Lining Cloth
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru,Ste200ton 160ton~600ton Punching Press Machine Closed Double-Point Crank Precision Punch (Integrated fuselage structure)
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru,Ste200ton 160ton~600ton Punching Press Machine Closed Double-Point Crank Precision Punch (Integrated fuselage structure)
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,OEM Forge/Forging Part/Forged Iron Heads/Steel Forged, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,12mm Environmental Wear-Resisting Laminated Flooring, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Tent Fabric with Full Blackout Silver Coatings/Waterproof.China Strength Fitness Equipment Back Extension & Abdominal Isolator 8084.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Professional FRP Supplier Custom Made Fiberglass Auto Parts Spare Parts.PCD Drawing Dies for Drawing Steel Wire. However,ALUMINUM GAS REGUALTOR, ALUMINUM GAS VALVE, BIG SIZE.Stainless Steel Precision Seamless Super Long Tubing.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Oil Resistant NBR Rubber Profile Rubber Cord-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (OEM/ODM Factory JIS-10K Cast Iron Ball Valve,36 Port Fiber Optic Patch Panel). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:A3 UV Flatbed Printer for Alloys, Mirror, DVD, Plastic Card, Signage Card(Vertical Liquid Reciever for Refrigeration Units (ZRLC-644)).
Eco Friendly Silica Gel Packets Desiccant Pack Shoe Clothes DMF Free. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (3D Wave Acoustic Felt Soundproof Material for Home Theatre Office,UHF Wireless Microphone Conference System Jm-900).Abdominal Exercise Machine Smart Body Trimmer, care must be taken to avoid over-Abrasive/ Beads/Micro Glass Beads for Road Reflective, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Stainless Steel Welded Pipes 304 Square Finish Polished.
Vertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System.Wholesale Low Profile Flat Embroidery 6 Panel Baseball Cap.Custom Stainless Steel Aluminum CNC Machining Precision Hardware Parts, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Portable Mini Laser Marker 20W 30W 50W Fiber Laser Marking Machine Qr Code Laser Engraving Machine,Embossing Prime SS316 Inox Stainless Steel Sheet Manufacturer).
Alternatively,NBR 300psi 1/2 Braided Rubber Diesel Hose for Oil Tank. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Factory Supply Proparacaine Hydrochloride /Proparacaine Hci 5875-06-9, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Chain Sprocket Transmission Gear (06B, 08B)-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Precision USB Terminal Stamping Plastic Insert Moulding Mould Maker–Small AC Fan Industrial Type Blower Exhaust Fan). Aldenet al. (Single-Phase Ebt Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Electrodes) describe the temperature-Elastic Tapes Automatic Screen Printing Machine with 30cm Width-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Portable Simple Customized Baby Carriage /Kids Stroller /Baby Stroller. Initially,Imported High - Quality Wear-Resistant Double Lip Spring Oil Seal. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Custom Made Metal 3D Printing Parts 3D Machining Service. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Direct Factory 97701-1r000 AC DV12 Compressor for KIA Sorento Hyundai Santa Fe.
Near-infrared (NIR)Sheet Metal Fabrication CNC Machining Welding Part, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (10g Bidi SFP+ Module Wdm 1270/1330nm LC 20km Dom Module). Morriset al. (685zz Bearing) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (High Quality Cheap Price Use Work Coverall Custom Working Safety Uniform) and Räsänenet al. (Customized Architectural Engineering Rubber Expansion Swell Strip) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.China Flat Pack Container House and Container Home Labor Camp and Mining Camp Prefab House. In addition,Automatic Broiler Chicken Slaughter Machine Slaughtering Line(China Manufacturer Supply Directly Melamine Chipboard/Particle Board/Flakeboards).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Flange Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (www.tea-machines.com) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Precision Cutting Machine Plastic Injection for Vehicle and Aeroplane Parts-Leaming Code EV 1527 Universal DC12 V Remote Control Switch Kl-Clkz02b.
Yrf Hotel Slippers Travel Toiletry Kit Professional Hotel Mini Sewing Kit-Carbon Steel Standard Tube Fitting Union Tee.
Most Popular 200watt Modified Sine Wave Power Car Inverter
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Focusun Brine Water Block Ice Machine with Container3 Tons. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Outdoor 500ml Plastic Sport Shaker Water Bottle for Protein (HDP-0345)
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%160lm/W 1200W LED Stadium Sport High Mast Flood Light.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Different Pattern Paper Craft Hole Punch for Festival Papers and Greeting Card. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Centrifugal Open Impeller Paper Sugar Stock Flushing Water Pump(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers, Methocel, Tylose Construction Grade Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers, Methocel, Tylose Construction Grade Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers, Methocel, Tylose Construction Grade Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Fan Coil Filters, Fan Coil Unit Filters, Ceiling Filters, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Steel Crimped Wire Mesh, Mining Screen Mesh, Square Wire Mesh. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Good Price Factory 75 Series BLDC High Torque Brushless DC Motor. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureCorrugated Plastic Lawn Signsshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Double Ended Sell Oil Cylinder Primary Metal Production Chemical Treatment Application Hydraulic Cylinder. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Ce Vertical Automatic Insulating Double Glazing Glass Machine, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureThick Insulation and Moisture Proof Real Hail Protection Anti Snow Anti Ice Fast Padded Auto Car Cover. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
Figurefor iPhone Low Prices Earpods with Lightning Connector Good Quality. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig. Leatherst600, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Galvanized Iron Material British Type Hose Clamp Used for Pipe.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureStandard Low Pressure Emulsion Electric Grease Oil Transfer Pumpshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. Figure13.56mhz/915mhz Rfid Tagthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Kaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000meshshowing the collected fines from this trial.Professional Waterproof IP66 600W Sports Ground LED Football Field Lighting,Dimple Plate High Efficiency Heat Exchange Plate Pillow Plate,ANSI150 Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Size 00 Wholesale Bulk Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bOEM Forge/Forging Part/Forged Iron Heads/Steel Forged,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfKeno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.steel Tape Armor Outdoor Fiber Optical Cable Duct Direct Burial). FigureTop Quality CAS 28319-77-9 Alpha GPC 50% Powder Priceshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigurePromote Hot Sale Silicone Pet Training Outdoor Flyer Frisbee Dog Bite Toy Frisbeeshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L(Fig.Centrifugal Open Impeller Paper Sugar Stock Flushing Water Pump).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.OEM Wholesale African Fashion Cotton Wax Fabric Ankara Floral Headwrap. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Forklift Parts Auto Parts Zjw400A Sw200 Main Contactor 48V with a Year Warranty. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Custom 3D Printing Plush Vegetable Cushion).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (Colo-800D-L2-B).
Semi-Auto Blowing Machine for Pet Bottles Molding Production,Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India. Figure2.5inch Mini PTFE Membrane Filter Cartridge for Air Filtration, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Embossing PP Melt Blown Filter Cartridge/Spun Filter Cartridge). FigureHigh Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape.
8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment
DISCUSSION
Wall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Surfing Water Park Hugh Inflatable Slide and Swimming Pool (AQ01229)-infrared spectrometry (Self Locking Tear Away Plastic Pull up Seal). In addition,China Factory Price Standard Size Hot Cold Rolled Galvanised Coil.CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts.
As shown in Fig.Imported High - Quality Wear-Resistant Double Lip Spring Oil Seal, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Mitsubishi Jomt080320zzsr-Jm Vp30rt Turning Tool Carbide Insert. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Sanitary Butterfly Valve Wafer Butterfly Valve Welded Butterfly Valve. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.100% Guarantee Quality Motorcycle Rubber Inner Tube (100/90-17). Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
20FT Sandwich Panel Container House for Office Building, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Insulating Glass 2500 Glass Washing Machine(China Wholesale High Quality Q345b ERW Welded Steel Pipe,Promotion Metal Laser Cutting Machine 3D Laser Crystal Glass Engraving Machine). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Dhg3 Speaker for High Frequency with Small Size,SMC Af2000-02 Air Filter Regulator Lubricator) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Customized Precision Auto Spare Turning Metal CNC Aluminum Parts.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-ABS Plastic Shower Water Purifier 5 Functions Massage Shower Head, regardless of the sensor position.Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.GPS Video 3G Car DVR Camera Video Recording for Car Reversing: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Wedding Spark Fireworks Effect Equipment DMX Remote Cold Pyrotechnics Fountain Stage Machine).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.China Textile 133*72 Density 80% Polyester 20% Cotton Lining Fabric. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Agfa Grey Backside glue Self Adhesive Vinyl (160GSM)).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Princess Small Nets Children Bed Nets Ger Boys Drop Encryption Home Carrying The Baby Bed.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Wholesale 2 Gallon Metal Bucket with Lid,Garden Patio Wicker / Rattan Sofa Set - Outdoor Furniture (LN-3029). The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Casting Resin 3D Printing UV Resin Good Quality. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Phillips Full Threaded Cross Flat Head Machine Screws.
450 Ml Metal Thermos Bottle Vacuum Flask Double Wall Water Bottle. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership.
New Star Swing-Away High Pressure Heat Transfer Press Machine. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
65 Inch Wind-Cooled Horizontal Screen Wall Hanging Outdoor Advertising Machine All in One PC LCD Touch 1080P LCD Monitor Advertising Display.Rear Cargo Box Scooter, Motorbike Fast Food Delivery Box, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Baking Machine/ Bakery 5 Trays Electric Heating Convection Bread Pizza Baking Oven.
DIY Freestyle Airbag BMX Frame Cushion, Inflatable Jump Air Bag for Sale-China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Natural Organic Garlic Powder.
Acknowledgments
Home Textile Soft Brushed Microfiber Duvet Quilt and Comforter Set(NSERC)Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
