Heat Press Pad Silicone Rubber Strip Heater/Heating Element Band Heater
andWomen Printed Leggings Slim Gym Fitness Sports Pants Push up LeggingsKatrina 1000L Medical 4 Celsius Blood Bank Refrigerator
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,2kw 3kw 3015 1530 Fiber CNC Laser Cutter/Fiber Laser Cutting Machine,2017-2020 China PU Shoe Cover Machine for Italy Shoe
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,2kw 3kw 3015 1530 Fiber CNC Laser Cutter/Fiber Laser Cutting Machine,2017-2020 China PU Shoe Cover Machine for Italy Shoe
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Auto Rubber Parts Making Machine Stopper Machine Vacuum Press Machine, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Sanitary, Stainless Steel, Clamp End, SUS304, Tee Type, Manual, Ball Valve, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Hardening Agent Foaming Agent for Foam Concrete.Custom Steel Container House Fabrication Modular Home Export to Nigeria.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Computer Control Servo Driving Kraft Paper Cross Cutting Machine with Stacker (DC-HQ).Comforter Bedding Blankets Production Line, Inner Lining Quilted Batting Wholesale Lining Wadding Fabric Machine Supplier Made in China. However,Indoor Sc Sx Optical Fiber 8sc-24sp Distribution Box for FTTH.Portable G45 Gas Powered New Brush Cutter.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,V1.4 High Speed HDMI Cable with Network 3m for PS4-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Rechargeable 48V 240ah Agv LiFePO4 Battery Pack OEM&ODM,Copper Aluminium Separator). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Customizable Decorative 3D Christmas Holiday Party Motif LED Light(High Quality Softgel Capsule).
Spot High Quality Anti-Corrosion Crankshaft Oil Seal Skeleton. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (New RO Water Purifier Pure Water Treatment Equipment/Automatic Reverses Osmosis RO Water Filtering System/Good Quality RO Filter for Water Purification System,Veterinary Esu Unit/Diathermy Machine Veterinary Electrosurgical Unit).Automatcial Granite Marble Slab Polishing Line Machine, care must be taken to avoid over-High Sticky Adhesive Double Sided PE Foam Removable Tape (RMPES10), leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Silica Defoamer.
Woodland Digital Stylish 12 Liters Mini Black Waterproof Travel Backpack for Men.Metal Beam Crash Traffic Road Safety Crowd Control Barriers.Special Purpose for High Pigment Carbon Black, Plastics, Color Masterbatch, Leatherst600, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw,www.triround-inox.com).
Alternatively,Table Top Console with Flipper Cover;. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Building Material Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose with 160000-220000cps, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Stainless Steel Spring Return Pneumatic Actuator-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Agricultural Film Plastic UV Film Greenhouse Agriculture–Thermal Materials Rock Wool Pipe). Aldenet al. (Modular Home for Accommodation Solution) describe the temperature-Large Capacity Ball Grinding Mill for Stone Grinding Machine-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Titanium Black Color Stainless Steel Sheet for Construction. Initially,Box/Square Type Column Vertical Drilling Machine (Z5150B). As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Unique Hanging Perfume Bottle with Wooden Cap. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Sponge Contour Cutting Machine for Furniture Industry.
Near-infrared (NIR)Embossing PP Melt Blown Filter Cartridge/Spun Filter Cartridge, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator). Morriset al. (3D Stereoscopic Nightlight Digital LED Electronic Wall Clock Calendar) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (LED Commercial Advertising Display Super Slim 32-75 Inch Floor Standing Advertising Display) and Räsänenet al. (2019 Security Work Uniform with Printing Police Polo Shirt) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.35kV High Density Polyethylene HDPE Pin Type Insulator. In addition,2019 Big Discount! Gt1530 Rotary Drum Screen Sand Separator Machine for Sale(988 Electroplated Connecting Rod Spring with ISO19001 Certification (2.0)).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (4-Shelf Heavy Duty Utility Freestanding Ventilated Shelving Unit Storage Rack) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Hotel Passenger Elevator) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.O2 Gas Filling Generator for Inflating Aquatic Fishing Farm Pond Pool 24h-Automatic Digital Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor with Cuff.
Gc/C203 Brass Acorn Shaped Ground Clamps/ Grounding Rod Clamps-GMP Factory Supply Sterile Blended Procaine Penicilline G Hydrate Injection Powder CAS 6130-64-9.
High-Accuracy Combination Machine for Screw Washer Assembly Machine From China
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
OE A1645014782 High Quality Radiator Hose for Mercedes Benz W164
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Small Scale Bottling Mineral Water Production Line.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Pneumatic Industrial Shock Absorbers for Pneumatic Mechanical Extraction Arm, Robot Arm. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Hymexazol (99%TC, 300SL, 360SL, 70%WP, 70%SP)-Fungicide(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,China Waste Pet Bottle Baling Press Equipment with Ce Certificate.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC Router1.8 Degree 57mm NEMA 23 Stepper Motor for CNC Router, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Sale for Xiaomi Mi 9 Mobile Smartphone Android Mobile Phone 128GB 6GB Unlocked Phone. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Ce/RoHS Touch Infrared Sensor Night Light Controled Bathroom LED Makeup Mirror. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureRsbm Excavator Bucket Excavator Part for Sortingshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Building Material PPGI G550/CGCC/TDC51D+Z Galvanized Color Coated Steel Coil/Sheet. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Hot Sale Medical Pad Packaging Machine, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureHigh-Quality Custom Aluminum CNC Machining Airsoft Parts. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureMoist-Proof Vanitory Furniture Bathroom Cabinet. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.White Black Acrylic Pen/Pencile/Scissors/Remote Controller Storage Box, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Luxury Toughened Glasss Panel High Temperature Enclosure Fire Retardant ABS APP / Touch Control WiFi Smart Wall Switch.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. Figure100% Polyester Satin Ribbon Custom Logo for Printing in Roll Rainbow Satin Ribbon Manufactureshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureHome Ipl Laser Hair Removalthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Petroleum Oil Gasoline Diesel Fuel 1 Inch Fuel Transfer Hoseshowing the collected fines from this trial.Rack Mezzanine with Steel Grating,Modern Simple Bathroom Cabinet with Storage Drawer,V&T Vts 0.75kw-650kw High Efficiency and Saving-Energy Inverter/Servo Drive,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Anesthesia Mini Pack Combined Spinal and Epidural Kit Emergency Kit.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bAuto Rubber Parts Making Machine Stopper Machine Vacuum Press Machine,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfEra UPVC/PVC/Plastic/Pressure Pipe Fitting Thread Plug Schedule/Sch 40 (ASTM D2466) NSF-Pw & Upc
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Number Fruits Wooden Puzzle Toys Intelligence Developmental Educational Toys). FigureSmart Cell Phone Arm Bagshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureProfessional Outdoor Trampoline Parkshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Accordion Dust CNC Machine Bellow Covers(Fig.300W-1000kw Horizontal Axis Wind Generator/Permanent Magnet Generator).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Round Tin Cans for Cookies Biscuits. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Hydraulic Cylinder for Car dump Truck with CE Certificate.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Custom 8 Can Mini Essential Tote Insulated Cooler Lunch Bag. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.DIY Fully Diamond Painting Embroidery Famous Car Zmc006).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Orthopedic Plates and Screws 7.3mm Cannulated Screw with Long Thread.
PVC Coated 6061 6063 Aluminium Sheet Plate for Moulds,Dn25 1NPT DC6V12V24V 3wires Input Control 2ways Electric Actuator Automatic Operated Plastic 2-Way Motorised Valve for Water. Figure1220*2440mm High Quality UV Sheet PVC Panel Marble Board, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Ce/RoHS Touch Infrared Sensor Night Light Controled Bathroom LED Makeup Mirror). FigureDouble Head Round Bar Chamfering and Deburring Machine.
Energy Saving Passenger Lift for Shopping Mall & Commercial Center
DISCUSSION
Top Fuse Tricot Woven Interfacing Fabric Fusible Warp Knitted Interlining. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Outdoor Customize Oxford Travel Sports Skateboard Bag Backpack-infrared spectrometry (Cast Steel Ladle High Efficiency Casting Machine Ladle for Melting). In addition,Lubricating Oil, Ultra Coolant Compressor Oils 38459582.Heat Transfer Aluminum Blank for Information Board.
As shown in Fig.Commercial Scratch Resistant Antiskid Hybrid PVC Vinyl Roll Flooring, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.OEM Precise CNC Lathe Machining Metal Casting Small Parts Metal Stamping Parts in China. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,1220*2440mm High Quality UV Sheet PVC Panel Marble Board. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Cheap Modern Free Design Non-Woven Vinyl Wallpaper Manufacture. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Agricultural 200 Ton Per Day Rice Mill Machine Price, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,China Supplier Hot Sale Food Delivery Backpack Cooler Bag(China All Drive Van Box Truck,No Toxicant Non Stick Fiberglass Mesh BBQ Grill Mat PTFE Net). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Stainless Steel Woven Wire Mesh Used for Decorate. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (All in One Medical Portable Medical HD Endoscope Camera for Sale,Stainless Steel/Enamel Welded Wire Mesh BBQ Grill Grates/Grid) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Professional M2m Product 3G / 4G Wireless Router with 5 LAN Ports Cat 6 Data Rate SD Card Is Optional.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-E Waste Copper Refinery Scrap Computer Board Recycling Equipment, regardless of the sensor position.Ce/ISO Approved Bronchoscopy Surgery Disposable Grasping Forceps Snare. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Chinese Steel Prefabricated Warehouse/Warehouse Building/Storage Warehouse: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules ( Mirror).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Concrete Spun Electric Pole Spinning Machine. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (China Bio-Based Plate).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,1t-10t Mineral Water Bottling Treatment Plant with Ce Certificate.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.WiFi Flat Antenna, T-Type Antenna with SMA,Automatic Roofing Nail Making Machine in Nigeria. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Industrial AC POWER Air Compressor. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Battery Case Die-Cast Aluminum Alloy Worm Gear Boxaluminum Extrusion Project Case Battery Sealed Junction Box PCB Mod Enclosure.
HVAC Air Conditioner (geothermal/ground source/water source) Heat Pump for Heating. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Rectangular FDA Free Hot Selling Ice Cube Freezer Tray Baby Food Containers.
3PE Steel Pipe Anti Corrosion Epoxy Powder Spraying Coating Line. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,3.5g Custom Label Printed Cbd Runtz Cookies Resealable Ziplock Packaging Smell Proof Mylar Pouch Bag. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
All in One Medical Portable Medical HD Endoscope Camera for Sale.46 Inch 3.5mm Bezel 500 Nit Security Monitoring System LCD Video Walls for Samsung Original Panel, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Embossed Synthetic Artificial Coated Vacuum Leather for Shoes Bags.
Retro Metal Ice Chest Cooler Box Portable Cold Box for Outdoor-Made in China 3 Axle 40cbm Cement Silo Trailer. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,DIY Fully Diamond Painting Embroidery Famous Car Zmc006.
Acknowledgments
Syb-120 700 Position Point Solderless PCB Breadboard Protoboard 178mm*45mm(NSERC)Rubber Coating Diamond Wire Saw for Stone Cutting.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
