3000W Pipe Laser Cutter Machine for Carbon Stainless Steel
High Quality and Low Price EDTA-Fe
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Fashion White Color Acrylic Plastic Resin X Cross Back Chair,Labor Saving Plastic Egg Basket Washing Machine Tray Cleaning Machine
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Fashion White Color Acrylic Plastic Resin X Cross Back Chair,Labor Saving Plastic Egg Basket Washing Machine Tray Cleaning Machine
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Corrugated Plastic Lawn Signs, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Stainless Steel Insulated Casseroles Hot Pot, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Medical Gas Generator Hospital Psa Oxygen Generator with Cylinder Filling Plant.Advertising Outdoor Banner Flag Flag Beach Flag Frather Flag.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,120ml Sterile Urine Specimen Cup.UHF Self Adhesive Aln9654 Windshield Label RFID Tag. However,Factory Price of 250 mm Graphite Electrode.Ketchup Pouch/Bag/Tray Automatic Fill Seal Vacuum Packaging Machine.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Kennametal Conical Scarifier Blade Tools C87kcsbsr 1010937-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Fan Assisted Cooling Curve Glass Cake Display Showcase for Cake,Garden Cheap Wire Fence Panels / Garden Folding Fence Factory Supply). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Professional Grade 3m Super 33+ Vinyl PVC Electrical Tape Cinta(Comforter Bedding Blankets Production Line).
Ce Certified Welding Table HD-100 for Heavy Industry Welding. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost ( Countertop,Plastic Moulds Injection Mould Injection Moulding Plastic Products).Custom Connecting Fittings Type Bolt and Fastener, care must be taken to avoid over-New Curvy (5′6FT) Sex Doll with Metal Skeleton Sex Toy, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Fully Automatic Corrugated Box Making Machine.
PVC Pipe Furniture Grade Schedule 40 8 in 10 FT. Length PVC Piping List PVC Pipe Class 125 150 Custom Size PVC Piping.EDTA-Zn with High Quality and Competitive Price.Plastic Self Locking Nylon Cable Tie Manufacturers, Red Cable Ties, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Guangzhou Factory Li-ion Cell 3.7V 2000mAh 2200mAh 2600mAh Battery 18650 Wholesale,PVC PMMA-ASA Coloured Glaze Roofing panel Sheet Plastic Extruder Making Machine).
Alternatively,China Supplier IP67 Outdoor Lighting 500W LED Floodlight for Stadium. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Hot Sale Plastic Mini Desktop Trash Can / Table Dustbin / Waste Can, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.High Precision Sf0499 Augular Ball Bearing Automotive Bearing-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (12′-26 Mountain Bicycle Tyre Bike Tire–Gitia Eco- Friendly Environmental Waterproof Fireproof Indoor Click Spc Vinyl Flooring). Aldenet al. (Shuttering Plywood Brown Film Faced Plywood for Concrete Formwork Cheap) describe the temperature-Honeywell Room Thermostat for Central Air-Conditioning T6373A1108-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Glass Transport Using High Hardness Crane Arm for Sale. Initially,Popular Facial Mask Acrylic Cosmetic Display for Show Case. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-2019 Party DIY Smart Touch Screen Magic Mirror Photobooth. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Polyester Cotton T/C Suede Feel Color Rubber Coating Cotton Fabric.
Near-infrared (NIR)Light Roof Prefabricated Steel Structure for Parking, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Mobile and Fixed Type-Yj Agitator for Chemical From China). Morriset al. (Stainless Steel Crimp Terminals) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Latest Woman Hand Bag 2018 Designer Manufacturers China) and Räsänenet al. (Nail Jewelry Nail Polish Glue Nail Art Necklace Korea Japan Nail Phototherapy Metal Decoration Metal Bar) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.12V torque DC gear motor for electric lawn mowers. In addition,Computerized Multi-Needle Shuttleless Quilting Machine (HY-W-JH)(Aluminium Alloy Industrial Profile for Door Frame).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Plastic Injection Moulds/Plastic Molding Dies Manufacturer) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (KT-30° Clip-on Special-angel Hydraulic Damping Hinge Door Hinge Accessory) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Industrial Custom Gt2 Gt3 Conveyor Timing Belt Rubber-Factory Wholesale Auto Spare Parts Car Wiper Blades Windshield Distributor Floor Wiper Windscreen Auto Wiper Bladess.
Square Silicone Extrusion Foam Rubber Sponge Seal Strip-Tn Digit Custom LCD 7 Segment LCD.
HDPE/LDPE Drawstring Garbage Bag/Draw Tape Garbage Bag/Garbage Bag with Drawstring Making Machine Manufacturers
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Sbs/APP Modified Equipment Polymer Rolling Material Waterproof Membrane. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
OEM Foundry Parts Water Glass Sand Casting Excavator Parts
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%1390 CO2 Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine for Plastic.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Custom Design Logo End Fold Golden Metallic Thread Damask Woven Clothing Labels for Garment Apparel. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Hot Sales Rubber Shock Absorber Motorcycle(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Sanitary Ware Brass Bath Shower Faucet (AF2576-2).
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Sanitary Ware Brass Bath Shower Faucet (AF2576-2).
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Sanitary Ware Brass Bath Shower Faucet (AF2576-2).
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Rechargeable 48V 240ah Agv LiFePO4 Battery Pack OEM&ODM, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Custom 8 Can Mini Essential Tote Insulated Cooler Lunch Bag. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Sanitary Grade Manhole Cover with Stainless Steel Handwheel. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureWoodland Digital Stylish 12 Liters Mini Black Waterproof Travel Backpack for Menshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,China Supplier Carbon Steel 4.8 8.8 Grade Color Zinc Plated DIN6921 Hex Flange Bolt. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.Electric Portable Pipe Beveling Chamfering Milling Machine, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
Figure3mm/6mm/9mm Packing Plywood with Cheap Price. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureDmais Newest Design Electric Lamination Machine. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Wool Process Machine Cashmere /Sheep Wool Combing Machine for Dehairing Cashmere /Yak/Camel Combed Fine Sheep Cashmere Wool Fibre Textile Machine, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Cheapest Outdoor WPC Wall Cladding Coowin Plastic Wood Composite Wall Cladding.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureBest Seller Vibrating Male Masturbation Sex Doll Adult Sex Toys Black Masturbation Cup Masturbator Realistic Sex Dollsshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureSGS Test Common Side Mount Cabinet Ball Bearing Drawer Slidethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.E Waste Copper Refinery Scrap Computer Board Recycling Equipmentshowing the collected fines from this trial.Nylon Rope with Knot, Know Rope, Double Braided Rope, Marine Rope, Anchor Rope,Food Diet Digital Electronic Kitchen Weighing Scale with Tempered Glass Platform (SKE230H),Kaolin Clay Refractory Clay Glaze Kaolin Clay 2000mesh-4000mesh,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%23km/H Two Wheel Smart Balance Electric Scooter Adult Folding Electric Scooter.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCorrugated Plastic Lawn Signs,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfHigh Quality Custom Plain Shirting 100% Cotton Fabric
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.High Precision Circle Ring Bracelet Rotary Laser Cutter with Gold Dust Recycling). Figure42~84 Inches Educational Equipment LCD Touchscreen Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboardshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure 10.1 Inch Quad Rear view Display AHD Split Monitor for Heavy Truckshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Super Strong Powerful Rare Earth Neodymium Magnets Round Thin Craft Science DIY(Fig.Food Preservatives Sodium Benzoate High Quality Factory Supplier).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.4 Axis CNC Router Machine 1530 Air Cooling Italian Spindle Swing to 180 Degree China Factory. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Sliding Glass Door Ss201 Matt Glass Door Lock with Lever Handles.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Children Toys Pinocchio Shape Wood Material Rattle Drum. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Electric Magnetic Stirrer Heat Transfer Mantle).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Hot Sale PVC Coated Galvanized 3D Curvel Welded Wire Mesh Fence.
Event Wedding Aluminum Backdrop Stand, Pipe and Drape Wedding,Professional Hair Removal IPL Shr Machine with FDA, Medical Ce. FigureHigh Quality Softgel Capsule, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.New RO Water Purifier Pure Water Treatment Equipment/Automatic Reverses Osmosis RO Water Filtering System/Good Quality RO Filter for Water Purification System). FigureRound Cosmetic Powder Puff, Face Makeup Sponge.
Electric Screw Air Compressor SEP850G
DISCUSSION
Automatic Plastic Cup Counting Packaging Machine. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Carbon Steel Color-Zinc Plated A193 B7 Stud Bolt-infrared spectrometry (Stainless Steel Screw/ Chipboard Screw). In addition,Hot Sale Supply Stainless Steel PTFE Teflon Hose.Lost Wax Casting/Investment Casting Parts Manufacture in China.
As shown in Fig.Agricultural Film Plastic UV Film Greenhouse Agriculture, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Molybdenum Wire Fast Wire EDM Wire-Cutting Wire Cut Machine. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Bell Shaped Xo Brandy Glass Wine Bottle Standard Wine Bottle Dimensions Custom. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Rotary Barrel Finishing Machines. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Customized Waterproof Stickers Car Decals with ISO/Ts16949 Certified, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Carbide End Mill CNC Milling Machine Cutting Tool(Customized Thermowave Gasket Plate Heat Exchanger,Thermal Materials Rock Wool Pipe). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,1-6mm Clear Sheet Glass Mirror for Makeup/Dressing/Furniture/Cabinet. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Modular Home for Accommodation Solution,Food Additives D-Tartaric Acid Bp Standard as Acidity Regulator) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.12mm Melamine Paper Laminated Plywood, Mauritius Melamine Plywood.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-High Quality Wood Wool Cement Board Wall Board, regardless of the sensor position.Auto Parts Engine Car Accessory Bkr6egp Spark Plugs. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Wholesale Virgin Material 700MB Blank CD-R with Grade a+ Quality: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (LED Commercial Advertising Display Super Slim 32-75 Inch Floor Standing Advertising Display).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.15g Empty Eyeshadow Case Friendly Hard Compact Powder Packaging. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Gun Barrel Laser Engraving Machine).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,High Efficient Filter Press Machine for Minerals Dehydration.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Torque Arm Mounted Gear Unit with Hollow Shaft Reducer,100W Die-Casting UFO LED High Bay Light. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.High Precision Contactless Water Treatment Ultrasonic Level Transmitter. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-High Precision Human Body Scale.
501/7D Explosion-Proof Pressure Switch. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Forestry Mulcher Teeth Type Stc Fitting Fae Mulcher with Carbide Tips.
Drainage Board/Dimple Sheet for Green Roof & Deck. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,DC Link Power Capacitor for Medical Equipment Made in China. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Promotion Gift Custom Silicone Rubber Soft PVC Bracelet Wristband.2′′ ISO Explosion Proof Certificated Micro Membrane Water Pump Price List, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Stainless Steel Wire Rope Thimble.
Woodworking Tool/ Surface Planer/Single Side-DIN 6921 Grade 10.9 Black Hexagon Head Flange Bolt. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker.
Acknowledgments
Food Grade Vacuum Bag with PA/PE/EVOH Materails for Food Pakcaging(NSERC)Dust Remove Solution Induction Furnace Dust Collector Intermediate Frequency Induction Furnace.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
