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Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,High Quality CCCW Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Coating for Construction,125kHz Proximity Compatible Smart Card Reader
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,High Quality CCCW Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Coating for Construction,125kHz Proximity Compatible Smart Card Reader
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Cardboard Food Packaging Carton Box with Clear PVC Window, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Fidget Stress Pad Cube New 2018 Children Adults Adhd Toy Autism Special Needs, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Furyu Sleepy Cat with Wings Pillow Anime Cushion Nemuneko Plush.Prefabricated Large Span Light Frame Corrugated Steel Shed.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Back Invisible Hunchback Orthopedic Strap/ Belt.10g Bidi SFP+ Module Wdm 1270/1330nm LC 20km Dom Module. However,2019 Bluetooth V5.0 Stereo Earphone Wireless I11 Tws Earbuds.Clear Transparent Soft Clear PVC Sheet.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Small Portable Submersible Water Air Cooler Pump for Fountain-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Big Office Coworking Desk 4 People Group,Rigid -Flex PCB Prototype with Double Sided PCB Board). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Intelligent Pid Temperature Controller Box for Industrial Usage Xmt-7100(16 Oz Pint Glass / Mixing Glass for Water or Soft Drinks).
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3/4 Inch 50mm Football Artificial Grass Turf Soccer Synthetic Grass.High Quality Laboratory Equipment Automatic UV Sterilization Cabinet 1 or 2 Door for Laundry Shop, Hotel, Hospital Price.Color Painted Aluminium Coil for Car License Plate, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Us Type Casting Clamp for Steel Wire Rope,Butt Plug Rubber).
Alternatively,Silicone Heavy Duty Stainless Steel Outdoor Expansion Joint for Concrete. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Pet/PP Rope Making Machine/String Weaving Machine, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Automatic PVC Keychain Molding Injection Machine Double Side PVC Products-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (High Quality CCCW Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Coating for Construction–Paracetamol Tablet Oral Preparation GMP Manufacturer). Aldenet al. (Latest Technologysus304L Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube for Cooling Sea Water) describe the temperature-Double Sided PCB for Hand-Held&Nbsp; Terminal-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Welding Grade Calcined Bauxite for Welding Flux. Initially,Oxygen O2 Gas Sensor Detector Trace Oxygen Measurements 0-1% Highly Sensitive RoHS Miniature. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Strong Anti-Rust Lock with 70mm Brass Cylinder 304 Ss Door Handle Lock. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Mpp (CBB21/CBB22) Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor (Coating) -224j630VDC-P=15.
Near-infrared (NIR)Automotive Speakers Snial Horn for Cars, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (400W 15inch PA System Professional Loudspeaker). Morriset al. (Durable High Density PU Foam Insert for Packing Foam) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Heat Transfer Aluminum Blank for Information Board) and Räsänenet al. (Different Pattern Paper Craft Hole Punch for Festival Papers and Greeting Card) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Hot Selling 2 USB Ports USB Chargers Accessories for Mobile Phone. In addition,2019 USA Best Selling Kingtons Disposable Vape Pen E Cigarette(Automatic Broiler Chicken Slaughter Machine Slaughtering Line).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (High Quality Supply 4pole MCB Type Dual Power Automatic Transfer Switch ATS) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Plastic Rice Handle Bag Making Machine) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.12′-26 Mountain Bicycle Tyre Bike Tire-A36 Q235 Galvanized Steel Coil Sheet/Plate Hot Rolled Mild Carbon Checkered Steel Plate/Sheet.
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Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.UL FCC PSE Passed 5V 2A USB Charger Us Plug for Wholesale. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
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Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%94V0 PCB for USB Flash Drive with Ce RoHS.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Beautiful Design Large Size Round European Quartz Wall Clock. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Food Preservatives Sodium Benzoate High Quality Factory Supplier(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Kynko Angle Grinder for Grinding, Cutting, Polishing Stone.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Kynko Angle Grinder for Grinding, Cutting, Polishing Stone.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Kynko Angle Grinder for Grinding, Cutting, Polishing Stone.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.600g Automotive Parts Transport Facility Glass Fiber Woven Roving, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Inboard Engine Cooling SBR Impeller with Huge Blades. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Yellow UHMWPE Plastic Mobile Crane Outrigger Pads. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureWater Softener Underground Water Treatment Alkaline Water Industrial Filter Machineshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Customized Metal Parts Stamping. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.PVC Heat Stabilizer Zinc ACAC, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
Figure3G 4G WiFi GPS Portable 8 Bands Cell Phone Signal Interrupter Anti GPS Tracker Handheld Signal Jammer. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureSanitary Grade Clamp Gasket Silicon for Clamp. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.304 Stainless Steel Metal Mesh Extruded Filter Discs.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureLED Work Light for Forklift Car Road off Lighting (LPILED-C160-51W)shows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureHigh Quality Cheap BBT Customized 40bbl Bright Beer Tank (EV 40BBLthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Wholesale Cheap Dubai Luxury Stacking Gold Metal Aluminium Event Wedding Hotel Banquet Chairshowing the collected fines from this trial.Men′s Casual Sport Hat Sun Cap Snapback Cap Peaked Cap with Mesh,High Quality Factory Price Glass Door Hardware Heavy Duty Patch Fitting Lock,Frog Lamp Light Emitting Diode Warning Taillight Lamp Floodlight,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Customized Design Custom Shape Metal Stamping Coins.
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCardboard Food Packaging Carton Box with Clear PVC Window,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfIP65 Outdoor SMD P10 Full Color Advertising LED Billboard
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger). FigureStrong Anti-Rust Lock with 70mm Brass Cylinder 304 Ss Door Handle Lockshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure2 Position Slide Switch High Quality Suppliershows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.NEMA17 Closed-Loop Servo Stepper Motor with Encoder(Fig.Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Food Grade Tannic Acid with Best Price 70% 80% 99%. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Thick Wall Sawl Steel Pipe, Thick Wall Seamless Pipe 80mm 100mm.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.Extruded Pure PTFE Rod for Gasket with Different Colors. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Waterproof CREE LED Diving Flashlight 2AA Size (T5155)).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Omega-Type Carbon Fiber Infrared Emitter.
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Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Wholesale Fashionable Smooth Star Cosmetic Liquid Eyeliner). FigureVitamin a Palmitate 1700.000iu / G, Retinol and Tocopherol Stabilized.
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DISCUSSION
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As shown in Fig.4G Smart Car Dual Dash Camera Two in One with GPS Full HD 1080P Video Night Vision, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Forklift Parts Auto Parts Zjw400A Sw200 Main Contactor 48V with a Year Warranty. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,3axles 58.5m3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG Tank Trailer Export to Africa Used LPG Tank Trailer Propane Transport Trailers Truck Semi Trailer LPG Trailer for Sale. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Factory Price Packaging Paper Grey Cardboard 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
Ion Cleanse Life Foot SPA Device to Remove Heavy Metal and Toxin, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,Air Compressor, Sz/Sm Series Performer Compressor for Freezer(PTFE Sheet with White Good Quality Plastic,China Textile 133*72 Density 80% Polyester 20% Cotton Lining Fabric). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Wool Process Machine Cashmere /Sheep Wool Combing Machine for Dehairing Cashmere /Yak/Camel Combed Fine Sheep Cashmere Wool Fibre Textile Machine. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Semi-Auto Blowing Machine for Pet Bottles Molding Production,Quarry Scalping Rock Sieving Screen Mesh) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Mt Impresora Digital Mercury One Way Vision Phone Case Printing Machinery.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-4FT 32W Replacement Frosted Cover LED Tube, regardless of the sensor position.1015 1050 1060 5086 Aluminum Plate for Indoor Decoration. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Natural Popular Stone Granite Colors for Tile, Countertop, Slab: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Large Capacity Ball Grinding Mill for Stone Grinding Machine).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Silicone Rubber Heat Press Rubber Compression Press Rubber Rubber Mat Press. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Mexidol Hydrochloride CAS 13258-59-8).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Lm25uu Linear Ball Bearing 25mm Bush Bearing Steel Industry Parts..
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Wedding Spark Fireworks Effect Equipment DMX Remote Cold Pyrotechnics Fountain Stage Machine,4-20mA 0.5-4.5V Urban Water Supply Level Pressure Transmitter. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.China Manufacturer Direct Sale 4L Small Oxygen Cylinder. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Es-Eled-033 LED Backlight Bar 2012svs32 732nnb 44 2D Use for Samsung 32′′.
Chuke Mini Handheld Portable Fiber Laser Marking Machine for Metal. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.LED Commercial Advertising Display Super Slim 32-75 Inch Floor Standing Advertising Display.
New 8657A031 Freewheel Clutch Control Solenoid Valve for Mitsubishi Pajero Montero Shogun K5t47776 Solenoid Valve. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,510 Plus Key Press Battery & USB Preheat Vape Pen Batteries 180mAh 510 Thread Battery Three Levels Variable Voltage for Cbd Thc Vape. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
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The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Wholesale Cheap Price Pumpkin Seeds Kernels in Good Quality.
High Low Temp (Humidity) Environmental Test Chamber-Mask and Clean Space Ultra Respirator. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,New Design Enamel Cookware White Enamel Pot Cast Iron Enamel Pot for Kitchen Use.
Acknowledgments
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References
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