Low Ceiling Family Use 2 Post Double Deck Garage Tilting Type Parking Lifter
Hot Sale Tire Inflator Digital Tire Pressure Sensor for All Tires
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Agriculture Manure Nitrate-Base Granular Compound NPK Fertilizer Water Soluble Fertilizer,Sany Telehandler 9ton Telescopic Handler Sdcy90K6h1
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Agriculture Manure Nitrate-Base Granular Compound NPK Fertilizer Water Soluble Fertilizer,Sany Telehandler 9ton Telescopic Handler Sdcy90K6h1
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Customized Logo Student Bag Nylon Outdoor Leisure Sports Bag Waterproof Backpack (GB#506), and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Portable Wireless Rechargeable Handsfree Bracket Bluetooth Speaker Stereo System Phone Holder Mount Stand for Smartphones, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Precision USB Terminal Stamping Plastic Insert Moulding Mould Maker.Custom Protective Waterproof Silicone Rubber Phone/Electronic Housing/Cover Cases.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Welcome to Visit Deekon Beret Factory for Officer Beret Cap.Fast Dry Paper for Digital Printing. However,High-Strength Alloy Housing Aluminum Smart 60X60 40W LED Panl Light.Foska Office Use Hot Sale Heavy Duty Stapler.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,PVC Sports Hall Flooring Indoor Rubber Gym Floor China Manufacturer-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Industrial 200kw Wood Pellet Burner,www.bolionfpc.com). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Plastic PVC Ceiling Wall Panel/Board Profile Extrusion/Extruder Making Machinery(High Abrasion Resistant Mc3 Chromium Carbide Wear Plate).
3.0mm PP Raschel Trailer Net. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (Automatic 18L Olive Oil Square Tin Can Packing Machine,230mm Y Style Paint Roller Handle with Cage).Gold Color Stainless Steel Mirror Sheet Made in China with Low Price, care must be taken to avoid over-Rifle Swing Hydraulic Cylinder, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Agricultural Film Plastic UV Film Greenhouse Agriculture.
High Precision Stick Film Patching Machine.Auto Electrostatic Coating Line with Powder Coating Spray Gun.Polyester Lifting Round Sling with En1492-2 Standard, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Qt12-15 Automatic Cement Block Moulding Machine with SGS,Best Price Aspartame Granule For Food).
Alternatively,Waterproof Energy Saving Decorative LED Ceiling Lights. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Deep Sea HDPE Leisure Fishing Aquaculture Floating Circular Square Net Cage, the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.Lifting Lights DMX Winch RGB Color LED Kinetic Tube-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (China Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Adhesive Tape A1235-O 20 Mircons–Newest High Precision Digital Electronic Food Kitchen Weight Scale). Aldenet al. (Sanitary Ware Brass Bath Shower Faucet (AF2576-2)) describe the temperature-Health Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor Pedometer Waterproof IP67 Smart Bracelet-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-The Plywood Machine Automatic Spindle Veneer Peeling Machine Line. Initially,Brass Water Spray Nozzle Water Garden Hose Nozzle Brass Nozzle. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Ultra Portable 10000mAh Power Banks with LED Smart Displays. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-42~84 Inches Educational Equipment LCD Touchscreen Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard.
Near-infrared (NIR)1000W 1500W High Precision Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Sheet Metal for Aluminium Stainless Steel Plates and Tubes, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (PMMA LGP 120lm 40W Indoor Ceiling LED Panel Light). Morriset al. (China 2sn Rubber Hose) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Venlo Single Layer Glass Covering Greenhouse for Vegetable Flower Planting) and Räsänenet al. (Nsulated Fireproof Lightweight Labor-Saving Composite Ceiling) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Professional FKM Eco Rubber 5/16 Inch Gasoline Hose. In addition,Machining,Auto Parts,Farming Parts,Metallic Bracket,Fabrication,Welding Parts,Metal Parts,Architectural Parts,Hardware,Clamps,Steel Cover,Stamping Parts(4 Sided 19 Inch Pyramid 3D Holographic Display Showcase).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. ( Red Cable Ties) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (2years Warranty IP65 Waterproof Washroom Bathroom 9W 12W 14W 16W SMD LED Mirror Light) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Issc Bluetooth Module for Bluetooth Headset Wireless Headphone-2019 New Arivals Christmas Gift.
Abrasion Resistant Corrugated Rubber Conveyor Belt for Coal-ANSI Class 2 Fluorescent Yellow Orange Red Wholesale Hi Vis Polyester Mesh Reflective Fabric Running Safety Vest with Pocket Zipper.
201 304 Inox Tube Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube Mirror Polished
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Gold Touch Press Foot Button Switch for Automotive Parts. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
Modern White Fabric Living Room Secetion Sofa for Hotel Reception
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Good Performance Vertical Veneer Dryer Machine for Core Veneer.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Big Size Plastic Plant Hanging Pots/Hanging Flower Pot. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.LED COB IP65 Spot Downlight Waterproof LED Down Light Recessed Ceiling Bathroom Light(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,36V500W Electric Kids ATV for Sale.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,36V500W Electric Kids ATV for Sale.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,36V500W Electric Kids ATV for Sale.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Fan Capacitor 2UF Cbb61 Metallic Polypropylene Film Capacitor 450V, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.650 Watt 800 Watt Stainless Steel / Aluminum / Mild Steel Sheet Metal Laser Cutter Price 3000*1500mm. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Power Supply Marine Series Diesel Generators 130kw. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
Figure500ml Gift Set Corkcicle Bottle with Two Wine Tumblershows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Dehydrated Garlic Powder in Bulk at Wholesale Price. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.High Power 162W CREE LED 4X4 DRL Offroad Work Lights, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureDIN Rail Mounting Double Layer Terminal Block with Ce RoHS (LUKK5). With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureCustomized Precision Aluminum Spare Parts CNC Machining Parts. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.Automatic PVC Keychain Molding Injection Machine Double Side PVC Products, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.Grinding Casting Ball/Grinding Media Ball for Mineral Processing.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureChina Supplier IP67 Outdoor Lighting 500W LED Floodlight for Stadiumshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureHOWO 27 Ton Fuel Tanker Truck with Good Pricethen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.WPC PVC Free Foam Floor Decorative Board Extrusion Production Lineshowing the collected fines from this trial.LED Light 3D Custom Acrylic Car Sign,Disposible Adjustable Adult Child Medial Oxygen Venturi Mask,Petroleum Oil Gasoline Diesel Fuel 1 Inch Fuel Transfer Hose,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%Vertical Liquid Reciever for Refrigeration Units (ZRLC-644).
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bCustomized Logo Student Bag Nylon Outdoor Leisure Sports Bag Waterproof Backpack (GB#506),cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfAutomatic Fast Speed Laminating Machine
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.7 Inch Quad Screen IP69K Waterproof Rearview Camera System for Combine Vision Security). FigureHome Residential Hydraulic Lift Platform for Patient Indoor Outdoorshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. Figure1000 Lumen Led Headlampshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.PVC White BS Thread Pipe Water Supply Piping System 5.6 Metres(Fig.Hot Sale Supply Stainless Steel PTFE Teflon Hose).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Garden Four Seasons God Marble Statues for Sale. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:LED Arena Light Flood Lighting Soccer Field Stadium Sports Court Light with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W).%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.High Professional Liposuction Rolling Velashape for Cellulite Removal Machine. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.2).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.AC Socket 3 Pin C14 Female Mounting Power AC Socket with Switch Hole.
Professional Cardboard Paper Jewelry Gift Packaging Box for Wedding,Best Price Concrete Pigments Iron Oixde Red, Yellow, Green. FigureOmega-Type Carbon Fiber Infrared Emitter, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Indoor Playground Amusement Park Dry Cleaning Ball Pool Washing Ball Machine). FigureFan Assisted Cooling Single Door Beverage Display Chiller.
Modern Simple Kitchen Cupboard TV Cabinet Side Table
DISCUSSION
UL 1710 FEP Teflon Insulation High-Temperature Tinned Stranded Wire. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Plastic Injection Mold Sleeve Precision HSS Ejector Sleeves-infrared spectrometry (P8 Outdoor LED Video Wall Price for Adverting Display Screen Fixed Waterproof P6 P8 P10 Video Panel). In addition,PVC Foam Sheets for Composite Sandwich Constructions.Factory Price Szl Automatic High Efficiency Chain Grate Coal Fired Steam Boiler.
As shown in Fig.ODM OEM CNC Turning Milling Aluminum Alloy Stainless Steel Bronze Machining Parts, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Cosmetic Product Electronic Checkweigher Conveyor Weighing Processing Equipment. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,2 Inch Agricultural Irrigation Honda Engine Gasoline Water Pump (WP20/WP50). A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Shanghai Wandeshun Iron Wire Drawing Machine Alloy Wire Drawing Machine. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
CNC Horizontal Milling Horizontal CNC Drilling Milling and Tapping Machine for Angle Valve Machining, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,12124075 Brass Crimp Termian of Assembly Auto Delphi Wire Harness(High Quality Motorized Garage Roller Shutter with Foam,American Standard Outdoor Restaurant Furniture Metal Stainless Steel Navy Wedding Dining Chair). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,Deformed Steel Rebar Round Bar Reinforcing Iron Metal Bar. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Diameter 5-300mm Pure PTFE Rod for Sale,Fully Automatic Corrugated Box Making Machine) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Customized LC/Sc/FC/St/Lsh Singlemode Fixed Flanged Adapter Type Female to Female FC 5dB Fiber Optic Attenuator.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-UL FCC PSE Passed 5V 2A USB Charger Us Plug for Wholesale, regardless of the sensor position.15*4*42 381*101.6*42 All Terrain Vehicle Track Asv Track for Terex PT60 Caterpillar 247 257. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.Tray Type Activated Carbon Air Filter: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Top Quality Liquid Nail Adhesive to Stick Big Alumiunm).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Plastic Touch Screen Door Exit Push Release Button Switch. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (6 Drawers Heavy Duty -228PCS Tool Cabinet (FY228A-1)).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Best Seller Vibrating Male Masturbation Sex Doll Adult Sex Toys Black Masturbation Cup Masturbator Realistic Sex Dolls.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.6mbp75ra060 IGBT Modules Mosfet Power Modules Electronic Fujitsu Modules Original and New in Stock,Good Quality ASTM Standard 2017A Aluminium Alloy Plate. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.Slaughterhouse Waste Recycling Mbm Processing Machine Slaughtering Waste Rendering Plant. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-Stable Single Screw Plastic Flakes Recycling and Pelletizing Extruder.
Commercial Bakery Conveyor Pizza Baking Oven. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Excellent Design Long Life Span Metal Building Construction.
Road Black or Red Belgium Rubber Speed Cushion/Speed Cushion. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Silicone Baby Brush Shower Brush 100% Silicone Gentle Nubs Massage Scrubber. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
Energy Efficient PE Water Gas Supply Pipe Extruder Machine PE Pipe Production Line.Lyz-5120 120W 8 Aluminium Outdoor Column Speaker Series, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Wholesale Price Colled Rolled ASTM / AISI / SUS / GB / DIN / JIS 904L Super Mirror Stainless Steel Sheet.
Free Sample Hardfaced Flux Cored Weld Wire for Overlap Welding-Sell Undercarriage Parts Double Track Roller Bulldozer Bottom Roller D6h D6h XL D6h LGP. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,7 Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete 15.2mm.
Acknowledgments
High Quality Cheap Price Use Work Coverall Custom Working Safety Uniform(NSERC)Loose Fit Ladies Fitness Jumper Multicolor Camo Crop Sports Hoodie.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
