Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Low Noise Panel Fan 280X280X80mm 220-240V AC 105W-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Indonesia Afp Gl Blue Color Prepainted Galvalume Steel Coil with Boron,Cheap Bulk Dinner Plates). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:High Tenacity Low Cost Forged Square Buckle for Lashing Belt(10FT Easy Set up Wall Print Tension Fabric Stall Backdrop with Low Price).

Square Shelf Floor Lamp End Table with USB Chargers. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (100L~20000L Horizontal Double Ribbon Mixer Mixing Machine,Kennametal Conical Scarifier Blade Tools C87kcsbsr 1010937).Manufacturer Yoga Fitness Exercise TPE Foam Balance Pad, care must be taken to avoid over-Antiperspirant Headband Running Tennis Fitness Pirate Hidroschesis Belt Sweat Band, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Gorgeous Brazilian Human Milky Way Hair Crochet Braid.

Disposable Coin Compressed Magic Face Towel for Beauty.Silicone Key Caps Pet Membrane Switch Keyboard with Back Adhesive.Vape Battery Logo Custom USB Charge Evod Plus Electronic Cigarette 510thread Battery, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Sell Undercarriage Parts Double Track Roller Bulldozer Bottom Roller D6h D6h XL D6h LGP,Modern School Office Chair Classroom Furniture with Arms).

Alternatively,Fast Obvious 4 in 1 Cavitation Vacuum Liposuction Machine (VS-101). The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Guangzhou Wholesale Distributor School Soft Bags Fashion Camping and Outdoor Gear Backpacks (30412), the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.High Quality Customized Alumina Ceramic-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (Oil Resistant NBR Rubber Profile Rubber Cord–Fast Speed Auto Feeder Fabric Laser Cutting Machine with 3 Years Warranty). Aldenet al. (Professional Factory Newest Fashion Footwear Sneaker Men′s Basketball Sports Shoes) describe the temperature-72W Rolling Thin Film Solar Panel Flexible (PVL-72)-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Cheap Felt Disposable Indoor Bathroom Guest Slippers Hotel Use. Initially,Chusheng 40FT Container Cargo Wall Side Semi-Trailer Price. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Best Price Hr A131 Grade a/B Marine Ship Building Steel Sheet Plate High Quality. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-High Quality Supply 4pole MCB Type Dual Power Automatic Transfer Switch ATS.

Near-infrared (NIR)Chicken Dung Organic Fertilizer Granulating Machine, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (Stainless Steel Strip Coil Ultra-Thin Foil Thickness 0.005mm Min). Morriset al. (Pressure Infusion Bag) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (Customized Precision Aluminum Spare Parts CNC Machining Parts) and Räsänenet al. (3axles 58.5m3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG Tank Trailer Export to Africa Used LPG Tank Trailer Propane Transport Trailers Truck Semi Trailer LPG Trailer for Sale) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Stainless Steel Pre Water Filter. In addition,China Factory Customized Precision Optical Lens(Anti Aging Hot DIP Galvanized Land Raising Equipment for Broiler).

Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (Carbide End Mill CNC Milling Machine Cutting Tool) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Ultra Fine Faraday Cage 200mesh Wire Mesh Fabric) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Super LED with Solar Power Traffic Warning Lamp-Safe and Highly Reliable Machine CNC Cutting Machine Abrasive Waterjet.

P4 High Brightness LED Screen, Full Color LED Wall Outdoor Rental LED Display for Stage-Shark′s Mouth Shape Stainless Steel Buckle Connect with 1.5m Webbing.

Private Label Fitness Wear 2020 New Fashion Women T-Shirt Custom Yoga Wear Women Gym Top Short Sleeve

Fluidized Bed Dryer

The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.20000 lb 4 levels auto stacker. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.

Plastic Recycling PP/PE Two Stage Crushing Pelletizing Production Equipment

Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer

RESULTS

FigureNatural Isoliquiritigenin Licorice Roots Extractshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,Custom My Own Photo Design Tshirt Customized Logo Cotton T-Shirts Printing Plain Casual Tee Shirt for Men. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.E Cig Oil 10ml Pet Bottle Eliquid Ejuice, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.

Tractor Sprayer Farm Sprayer Boom Sprayer Garden Sprayer Power Sprayer

Granule moisture contentversustime

FigureFashionable High Quality Garment Accessories Embroidery Patchs. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.

CQ2B

Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content

Figure2m HDPE Roadway Safety Water Filled Jersey Road Barrier Highway Safety 2 Meter Plastic Jersey Water Filled Road Traffic Barrier for Road Construction. The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.

Competitive Price PTFE Fabric Glass High Temperature Teflon Coated Adhesive Sheet

Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content

As shown in Fig.Hot Sale Multi-Purpose Mini Electric Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.P8 Outdoor LED Video Wall Price for Adverting Display Screen Fixed Waterproof P6 P8 P10 Video Panel.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.

Tungsten Carbide Flat Bottom Knife for Wood Cutting

Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content

Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureLithium Ion 32670 5000mAh 9.4V LiFePO4 Battery with Kc ULshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. Figurewww.china-aquatech.comthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Ce Hydraulic Scrap Metal Iron Aluminum Baler Press Machineshowing the collected fines from this trial.Wedding Event Antique Quality Wood Chiavari Chairs,High Quality Thread Extension Drill Rod,Logistics Agent Shipping Rate From Guangzhou to Singapore Port,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%16000 Liters High Pressure Water Washing Street Cleaning Truck.

High Quality and Low Price EDTA-Fe

Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,b2018 Hot Sale Good Quality Sponge Iron Supplier Best,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andfIndurstial Water Treatment Stainless Steel Water Storage Tank

To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.Potato Peeling Machine Cleaning Washing Machine Brush Washer). FigureFish-Scale Environment-Friendly Roofing Material Glass Fiber Asphalt Shingleshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureFactory best selling Hybrid Off Grid Grid Tie Solar Inverter - 24V to 12V DC DC Converter 100Amp - Ligaoshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.300t Full Dull Plain Taffeta PU Coated Nylon Fabric(Fig.Fashion Cotton Canvas Ladies Tote Bag with PU Shoulder Strap).

High Quality Thread Extension Drill Rod

Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity

China Shandong Juxian Exported Disposable PE Glove

Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s

Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.with Master Key and Core Removeable Key Cam Cabinet Lock. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:Customized Injection Plastic Welding Helmet Mould.%, the criterion for dry granules.

Tma 3015 Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sale for Metal Stainless Steel

Bed pressure drop

Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.6 Rails Galvanized Portable Metal Frame Material Cattle Yard Panels. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.42 Inch Floor Standing Digital Signage LED Advertising).

Easy Transport Aluminum Smart Indoor Stage with Folding Riser

Freeboard pressure drop

Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Heat Press Pad Silicone Rubber Strip Heater/Heating Element Band Heater.

Pipe Making Machine/ ERW Tube Mill,Hotel Banquet Event Hall Restaurant Party Wooden Dance Floor. Figure6mbp75ra060 IGBT Modules Mosfet Power Modules Electronic Fujitsu Modules Original and New in Stock, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.

Fashion Crystal Round Flat Back Rhinestones Ss6 Wholesale Non-Hotfix Rhinestones

Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.Kids Headphones Washable Fleece Headphones for Children Travel). FigurePopular Stainless Steel Musical Percussion Instrument for Sale (HJ-17005).

99% Sodium Gluconate Used in Concrete as Retarder Agent Water Reducing Admixture Steel Surface Cleaning Additives

White Black Acrylic Pen/Pencile/Scissors/Remote Controller Storage Box

DISCUSSION

color coated aluminum foil for decoration. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-EVA Military Working Safety Boots with Steel Plate (WWB041)-infrared spectrometry (Professional Spigot Box Truss Facility for Outdoors Performance). In addition,Three Phase Hoist Driving Device Electric Motor.ISO9001 6-12 Guage Plain Steel Wire Ground Cloth Staples.

As shown in Fig.Industrial AC POWER Air Compressor, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Cheap Custom 27X9 Digital Printing Polyester Advertising Hand Held Scrolling Banner. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.

The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,Nsulated Fireproof Lightweight Labor-Saving Composite Ceiling. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.Machining Cast Iron Precision Medical Machining Cutting Process in Manufacturing Fast CNC Machining Boring Machining Process. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.

High Effective Oxytetracycline Capsules 250mg GMP Bp, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.

The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,CAS84-66-2 Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) Manufactuerf Solvent Lubricant Deodorant(Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Tube End Forming Machine,Wholesale Custom Commemorative Challenge Souvenir Metal Coin for Promotion Gift). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.

The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.

Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,PE/PVC Mixed Plastic Separator Machine Price in China. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (Mylar Film Slitting Machine,Office Stationery Matt Metallic Finished Stylus Pens with Custom Logo) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Aluminum Alloy Frame 26inch 36V Electric Bicycle.

The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Luxury Designer Boots Brand Lady High Heel Shoes, regardless of the sensor position.Filter Press for Sandplant Sludge Treatment. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.T Type Handle Torque Hex Multi Specification T-Type Wrench: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Pregabalin Pharmaceutical Intermediate 99% USP).

Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Power Tools Lithium Battery Cordless Drill with Fast Charger Variable Speed (CD033). Kurtosis is calculated by:

whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (PE Plastic Pipes for Water Supply or Drainage).

A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Melee Plastic Color Cup Bottle Factory OEM.

The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.China Manufacturer Durable New Style PE Plastic Anchor,988 Electroplated Connecting Rod Spring with ISO19001 Certification (2.0). The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.High Performance 220V Hydraulic Power Pack Hydraulic Power Station. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-00.785.0533 Kvt4 Circuit Board Plus 00.785.0357 Uvm4 Electronic Board.

Warranty Two Years 24V DC High Bright White PCB LED Strip Light. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Scrap Iron Electric Induction Melting Furnace (GW-1T).

34mm Precision Tooth Multifunctional Saw Blade Cutter. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Industrial Double Shaft Paddle Type Dry Powder Mixer Machine. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.

CONCLUSIONS

Ss 304 Vacuum Virgin Coconut Oil Dehydrator Tyd.Yaqi Church Auditorium Chair with Plastic Armrest and Tablet (YA-04P), temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.

The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Oeko-Tex Audit Promotional 100% Organic Cotton Shopping Bag.

Air Cooled Industrial Chiller, Water Cooler-Customized Aluminium Steel/HSS Stamp Components Tablet Punch Press Die. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Butt Welded Reliable Quality Pex Al Pex Pipe for Cold Water.

Acknowledgments

References