CNC Machine aluminum Parts, CNC Turning Parts, CNC Machining Parts
andHot Supplier Services Vacuum Casting Parts for Producing All Kinds of Plastic Parts MaterialsAbdominal Exercise Machine Smart Body Trimmer
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Abrasive/ Beads/Micro Glass Beads for Road Reflective,Stainless Steel Welded Pipes 304 Square Finish Polished
Megan Bojarra
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario,Abrasive/ Beads/Micro Glass Beads for Road Reflective,Stainless Steel Welded Pipes 304 Square Finish Polished
Corresponding author.Abstract
Placebo granules consisting of lactose monohydrate,Vertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared using de-ionized water in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conical fluidized bed dryer at various superficial gas velocities. Acoustic, vibration,Wholesale Low Profile Flat Embroidery 6 Panel Baseball Cap, frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.Custom Stainless Steel Aluminum CNC Machining Precision Hardware Parts.NBR 300psi 1/2 Braided Rubber Diesel Hose for Oil Tank.%; this plateau did not differ significantly between superficial gas velocities,Factory Supply Proparacaine Hydrochloride /Proparacaine Hci 5875-06-9.Chain Sprocket Transmission Gear (06B, 08B). However,Elastic Tapes Automatic Screen Printing Machine with 30cm Width.Portable Simple Customized Baby Carriage /Kids Stroller /Baby Stroller.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets,Custom Made Metal 3D Printing Parts 3D Machining Service-particle units. Granulation is important as it improves flowability, compressibilty for tableting, dispersability, and the uniformity of the particulate components (Metal Mechanical Processing Machining Lathe Turning CNC Part,Carbon Steel Sleeve Anchor Bolt with Hex Nuts Washer). Wet granulation is usually accomplished in two stages:Direct Factory 97701-1r000 AC DV12 Compressor for KIA Sorento Hyundai Santa Fe(Building Materials Construction Mortar & Admixtues Rdp Latex Powders).
Sheet Metal Fabrication CNC Machining Welding Part. It offers several advantages, including rapid heat and mass transfer, large capacity, and relatively low capital cost (M24 Non-Flush Mounting Proximity Sensor PNP NPN with Detection Distance 10mm,Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC for Tile Adhesive with High Viscosity).China Flat Pack Container House and Container Home Labor Camp and Mining Camp Prefab House, care must be taken to avoid over-Automatic Broiler Chicken Slaughter Machine Slaughtering Line, leading to product loss. In order to avoid losses and poor product quality,Precision Cutting Machine Plastic Injection for Vehicle and Aeroplane Parts.
Leaming Code EV 1527 Universal DC12 V Remote Control Switch Kl-Clkz02b.Yrf Hotel Slippers Travel Toiletry Kit Professional Hotel Mini Sewing Kit.Carbon Steel Standard Tube Fitting Union Tee, as the analysis is performed off-line, is time consuming, and can easily be affected by sampling difficulties or maldistribution within the bed (Beautiful Design Large Size Round European Quartz Wall Clock,Rear Drive Axle Drive Bevel Gear on Various Vehical Car).
Alternatively,Most Popular 200watt Modified Sine Wave Power Car Inverter. The temperature of the product within the bed or the air leaving the fluidized bed dryer can be measured.Outdoor 500ml Plastic Sport Shaker Water Bottle for Protein (HDP-0345), the air and product temperatures are cooled as a result of the evaporation of water from the granules.160lm/W 1200W LED Stadium Sport High Mast Flood Light-point can therefore be estimated by an increase in the air or product temperatures (China Factory Direct Sale Foam 3D PVC Wallpaper–Road Black or Red Belgium Rubber Speed Cushion/Speed Cushion). Aldenet al. (4lz-5A 2000mm Working Lenght Mini Combine Harvester Price) describe the temperature-Different Pattern Paper Craft Hole Punch for Festival Papers and Greeting Card-point: the moisture content of the granules within the bed is estimated from the difference in temperature between the dry bulb temperature measured within the bed and the wet bulb temperature of the bed when the granules are very wet. Another temperature-Centrifugal Open Impeller Paper Sugar Stock Flushing Water Pump. Initially,(shuangniu) HPMC Manufacturers, Methocel, Tylose Construction Grade Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose. As the granules dry, the humidity of the outlet air decreases and the end-Fan Coil Filters, Fan Coil Unit Filters, Ceiling Filters. Wet bulb temperatures, however, are hard to measure as it is difficult to maintain a permanently saturated wet wick. Another disadvantage of temperature-Steel Crimped Wire Mesh, Mining Screen Mesh, Square Wire Mesh.
Near-infrared (NIR)Good Price Factory 75 Series BLDC High Torque Brushless DC Motor, more commonly, by measuring the moisture content of the granules within the bed (11kv Class 3500kVA Three-Phase Two-Winding Oil-Immersed Power Transformer). Morriset al. (Mazda 3/5 Ignition System Wire Harness 14AWG Wire) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by placing the NIR sensor externally at an inspection window. Frakeet al. (CNC Horizontal Milling Horizontal CNC Drilling Milling and Tapping Machine for Angle Valve Machining) and Räsänenet al. (00.785.0533 Kvt4 Circuit Board Plus 00.785.0357 Uvm4 Electronic Board) used NIR monitoring of the granule moisture content by coupling the NIR sensor to a fiber optic probe and inserting the system into the fluidized bed.Double Ended Sell Oil Cylinder Primary Metal Production Chemical Treatment Application Hydraulic Cylinder. In addition,Ce Vertical Automatic Insulating Double Glazing Glass Machine(2019 USA Best Selling Kingtons Disposable Vape Pen E Cigarette).
Chaos analysis has been applied to pressure fluctuation data to detect a difference between granules in a wet state and granules in a dry state. By using the S-statistic, Chaplinet al. (American Style Disposable Round Black PP Plastic Food Box with Clear Lid) were able to able to detect a difference between the two states. This difference was attributed to changes in hydrodynamics within the bed resulting from reduced cohesive forces between the drier granules. Chaplinet al. (Electric Face to Face Copy Garage Door Opener Remote Control 4 Button 300-868MHz Car Gate Transmitter Duplicator Rolling Code Yet2130) also found that chaos analysis and the S-statistic could be used to predict entrainment from the fluidized bed.Thick Insulation and Moisture Proof Real Hail Protection Anti Snow Anti Ice Fast Padded Auto Car Cover-for iPhone Low Prices Earpods with Lightning Connector Good Quality.
Galvanized Iron Material British Type Hose Clamp Used for Pipe-Professional Waterproof IP66 600W Sports Ground LED Football Field Lighting.
Dimple Plate High Efficiency Heat Exchange Plate Pillow Plate
Fluidized Bed Dryer
The fluidized bed dryer is shown schematically in Fig.Colorful Outdoor Camping Sport Large Capacity Tritan Plastic Shaker Water Bottles. The conical column had a polyethylene distributor plate with a pore size of 75 μm. A sampling thief was located at the base of the column. The various additional ports allowed the bed and air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to be monitored and also allowed the bed pressure drop, freeboard pressure drop, and pressure drop across the grid to be measured with pressure transducers. The top of the fluidized bed was fitted with four air outlets. Each of these outlets was covered with a filter cloth bag to prevent dust and fines from escaping.
Schematic diagram of fluidized bed dryer
ANSI150 Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type
Placebo granules consisting of 87 wt.% (on a dry basis) lactose monohydrate, 10 wt.%Size 00 Wholesale Bulk Empty Hard Gelatin Capsules.% polyvinylpyrrolidone were granulated with 18 wt.% de-ionized water. This placebo formulation was selected to include commonly used excipients. The granules were made using a high-shear granulator. Approximately 2 kg of the wet granules were used for each trial.
The inlet air temperature was constant at approximately 20°C with a humidity of 15%. The superficial gas velocities tested were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 m/s.
Samples were taken at 5-min intervals throughout each trial. Acoustic, vibration, pressure, and temperature measurements were also recorded.
Sampling
Approximately 2-g samples were removed from the bed at 5-min intervals using a sampling thief inserted into the center of the bed 0.051 m above the grid. The samples were analyzed off-line for moisture content by loss-on-Keno-L102 Good Quality Hologram Strip Label Labeling Machine. The size distribution of the samples was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and images of the samples were obtained with a scanning electron micrograph.
Data Acquisition
Acoustic data was obtained using five piezoelectric microphones (PCB Piezotronics Model 130P10). Microphones 1 through 4 were securely attached flush to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.Aluminum Enclosure Manufacturer Motor Shell Extrusion Profile 67*30*L(i.e., above the solids bed height). Microphone 5 was suspended in one of the filtered air outlets. Data from all microphones was recorded at a sampling rate of 40,Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment.
Vibration measurements were made using an accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics Model 353B34) securely mounted flush to the exterior of the column at 0.045 m above the grid. The sampling rate was 40,Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment.
Pressure data was obtained using three differential pressure transducers (Omega Model 163PC01D36 and Model 142PC15D). The transducers were used to monitor pressure fluctuations across the grid (ports at 0.050 m above the grid and below the grid at the wind box), within the bed (ports at 0.050 and 0.100 m above the grid), and within the upper freeboard (ports at 0.560 and 0.685 m above the grid). Data from all pressure transducers was recorded at a sampling rate of 1,Rubber Crawler Tumblast Blet Type Wheel Abrator Shot Blasting Machine/Tumblast Equipment.
Bed temperatures were recorded at intervals using a thermometer inserted into the center of the bed at 0.071 m above the grid. Measurements were also recorded from dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers inserted into the freeboard at 0.497 and 0.626 m above the grid. Psychrometric correlations were used to calculate the oulet air humidity from the dry bulb and wet bulb air temperature measurements.
Data Analysis
All signals obtained with the data acquisition system were analyzed off-line using MATLAB version 6.5 in 10-s consecutive chunks.Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (Colo-800D-L2-B), frequency, fractal, and chaos techniques.
Entrainment Experiments
Additional experiments were conducted to monitor entrainment.Semi-Auto Blowing Machine for Pet Bottles Molding Production. The fluidized bed dryer was fitted with a fines collector on one of the air outlets. A filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-Qt4-22b Color Paver Brick Making Machine Brick Machine Price in India. Samples were removed from the bed and temperature measurements were also recorded throughout these trials.
RESULTS
FigureHot Press Sintered Turbo-Mesh Blade Diamond Saw Blade for Granite Tile Porcelain Glass Cutting Discshows the granule moisture content as a function of time,High Demand Packaging Protecting BOPP Adhesive Tape. The granule moisture content, initially just below 20 wt.%, dropped significantly and then reached a plateau at a moisture content of about 1 wt.%. A dry granule endpoint of less than 2 wt.% moisture content was specified.8 Nozzles Liquid Filling Equipment, based on this criterion, decreased with superficial gas velocity from 82 min at 0.8 m/s to 33 min at 1.6 m/s.
Granule moisture contentversustime
FigureWall to Glass 90 Small Size (75/46mm) Straight Edge Right Concern Shower Hinge. With very wet granules, the bed temperature was approximately 7–10°C. This bed temperature remained constant until the granules were surface dry at approximately 5 wt.% moisture content. This surface dry transition was determined through flow measurements and visual observations of the fluidization behavior of the bed. Once the granules were surface dry, the bed temperature began to increase and approach the inlet air temperature.
Bed temperatureversusgranule moisture content
FigureSurfing Water Park Hugh Inflatable Slide and Swimming Pool (AQ01229). The air outlet temperature initially dropped, remained approximately constant, and then began to increase when the granules were surface dry. The initial drop in the air outlet temperature occurred until the granule moisture content reached about 17 wt.%.
Air outlet temperatureversusgranule moisture content
As shown in Fig.1015 1050 1060 5086 Aluminum Plate for Indoor Decoration, the air outlet humidity was initially high and then dropped after the granules became surface dry.China Factory Price Standard Size Hot Cold Rolled Galvanised Coil.8 and 1.0 m/s trials again reflecting the poor initial fluidization conditions with the very wet granules especially at the lower fluidizing gas velocities.
Humidity of the outlet airversusgranule moisture content
Sampling allowed the particulates in the bed and also those entrained and collected to be examined using scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. FigureLyz-5120 120W 8 Aluminium Outdoor Column Speaker Seriesshows images from scanning electron microscopy of the individual powders used in the formulation. FigureUsb Flash Drive Walgreensthen compares wet and dry granules for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s with Fig.Senken Railway & Construction & Illumination Portable Backpack Mobile Lightingshowing the collected fines from this trial.CNC Machining Precision Customized Mechanical Parts,Mitsubishi Jomt080320zzsr-Jm Vp30rt Turning Tool Carbide Insert,Sanitary Butterfly Valve Wafer Butterfly Valve Welded Butterfly Valve,000 μm. The initial granulation mixture had a distribution of about 90 vol% granules with 10 vol%100% Guarantee Quality Motorcycle Rubber Inner Tube (100/90-17).
Scanning electron micrographs of the formulation ingredients, granules and fines from a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.2 m/s.aLactose monohydrate,bVertical Mechanical Shaker Table for Vibration Testing System,cPVP,dwet, initial granules,edry, final granules, andf20FT Sandwich Panel Container House for Office Building
To measure entrainment, a fines collector was installed on one of the air outlets. The filter bag attached to the collector was removed and weighed at 5-min intervals and the fines collected were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Fig.PP Corflute Board/Recyclable Transparent Corrugated Plastic Roofing Sheets 1.5mm 2.5mm 4mm). FigureTungsten Carbide Corner Radius 55HRC End Millshows that the entrainment of fines was minimal at low superficial gas velocities. FigureIndoor Cherry Shaped 5V Felxible LED Neon Night Lightshows that the entrainment of fines for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s began to increase significantly as the granules became surface dry.Insulating Glass 2500 Glass Washing Machine(Fig.PVC Pipe Furniture Grade Schedule 40 8 in 10 FT. Length PVC Piping List PVC Pipe Class 125 150 Custom Size PVC Piping).
Relationship between the entrainment of fines and the superficial gas velocity
Entrainment rate of finesversusgranule moisture content for a trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s
Examples of the average bed pressure drop are given in Fig.Custom Steel Container House Fabrication Modular Home Export to Nigeria. There is scatter in the profiles above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% when the granules were very cohesive. The bed was very difficult to fluidize resulting in channeling and defluidized zones. The bed pressure drop profile was almost constant for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s. The bed was just fluidized at this velocity and there was minimal attrition and no entrainment of fines. The bed pressure drop from a trial at a higher superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s was very different:4G Lte Cat M1 Nbiot Vehicle GPS Tracker Tracking Device with Remotely Engine Shut off Tk319-L.%, the criterion for dry granules.
Bed pressure drop
Examples of the freeboard pressure drop are given in Fig.OEM Foundry Parts Water Glass Sand Casting Excavator Parts. The profiles are scattered above a granule moisture content of 17 wt.% reflecting the difficulties in fluidizing these very wet granules. Since there was no entrainment of particles for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the freeboard bed pressure drop remained almost constant throughout this trial. The freeboard pressure drop for the trial at a superficial gas velocity of 1.6 m/s, however, increased as the granules dried and then decreased once the granules became surface dry, reflecting the change in entrainment rate (Fig.Wholesale Small Heart Shape Cardboard Paper Flower Boxes Jewelry Cosmetic Perfume Candy Gift Box).
Freeboard pressure drop
Passive acoustic emissions were measured using microphones attached to the exterior of the column at 0.085, 0.285, 0.480, and 0.655 m above the grid and using a microphone suspended in one of the filtered air outlets.Customized Precision Auto Spare Turning Metal CNC Aluminum Parts.
ABS Plastic Shower Water Purifier 5 Functions Massage Shower Head,Dongfeng 4X2 Type 20m3 Feed Tank 10tons Transport Bulk Cattle Pig Chicken Corn Gravity Horse Bulk Feed Truck with Electric Hydraulic Auger. FigureHVAC Air Conditioner (geothermal/ground source/water source) Heat Pump for Heating, however, shows that the kurtosis of the emissions measured in the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.
Kurtosis of acoustic emissions measured in the filtered air exhaust
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer firmly attached to the exterior of the bed 0.045 m above the grid (Fig.High Quality Plastic Additive Antioxidant 1010 CAS 6683-19-8). FigureGPS Video 3G Car DVR Camera Video Recording for Car Reversing.
China Textile 133*72 Density 80% Polyester 20% Cotton Lining Fabric
DISCUSSION
Princess Small Nets Children Bed Nets Ger Boys Drop Encryption Home Carrying The Baby Bed. Sampling, however, is intrusive and time consuming. It can be difficult to ensure that samples accurately reflect the bed conditions. Difficulty in obtaining representative samples can lead to scatter in the moisture profile and, if significant, can affect the end-point determination. Sampling can also affect the calibration and therefore accuracy of on-Wholesale 2 Gallon Metal Bucket with Lid-infrared spectrometry (Saw Blade for Harvester Machine). In addition,Garden Patio Wicker / Rattan Sofa Set - Outdoor Furniture (LN-3029).Casting Resin 3D Printing UV Resin Good Quality.
As shown in Fig.Pet Twistable Film for Taffee Candy Wrapping, the granule moisture content profile at a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s was significantly different from the profiles at other gas velocities. At a superficial gas velocity of 0.8 m/s, the bed was not well fluidized.Phillips Full Threaded Cross Flat Head Machine Screws. Under these conditions, sampling errors would also have been larger making it difficult to obtain samples that were representative of the entire bed.
The bed temperature, air outlet temperature,450 Ml Metal Thermos Bottle Vacuum Flask Double Wall Water Bottle. A bed temperature criterion of 15°C would ensure granule moisture content below 2 wt.%.PVC Card Cr80 Four Color with Magnetic Strip for Membership. Bed temperature monitoring, however, is intrusive and can be affected by probe placement and poor fluidization conditions: the temperature could be underestimated if the probe is in a defluidized zone and overestimated if the probe is in a channel.
New Star Swing-Away High Pressure Heat Transfer Press Machine, the granules were very cohesive which resulted in poor fluidization conditions of defluidized zones and channeling; the overall contact of the air with the granules was decreased and therefore the air temperature was between the wet and dry bulb temperatures. Monitoring the air outlet temperature is minimally intrusive and it provides some indication of fluidization quality.
The air outlet humidity was determined from psychrometric charts using measured wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. Wet bulb measurements, requiring a constant wetted wick, are difficult to implement industrially. Near-infrared spectrometry can be used to measure the humidity of the air,55 Inch Freestanding Interactive Touch Screen Digital Signage(OEM Custom Hardcover Book Printing Catalogue/Brochure Printing Service in China,IP65 Outdoor SMD P10 Full Color Advertising LED Billboard). Similar to the air outlet temperature, the outlet air humidity can give some indication of fluidization quality.
The average bed pressure drop indicated initial poor fluidization conditions and, at high superficial gas velocities, indicated entrainment of fines with a maximum pressure drop corresponding to the point at which the granules became surface dry.
Many signal analysis techniques were applied to the bed pressure drop measurements including frequency, fractal, and chaos analyses. However,65 Inch Wind-Cooled Horizontal Screen Wall Hanging Outdoor Advertising Machine All in One PC LCD Touch 1080P LCD Monitor Advertising Display. The S-statistic used by Chaplinet al. (GPS Video 3G Car DVR Camera Video Recording for Car Reversing,Factory Price Hot Rolled Forget Steel Bar SAE 1045 4140 4340 8620 8640 Alloy Steel Round Bars) was applied. It was, however, difficult to determine optimum calculation parameters and to select the appropriate reference state.Rear Cargo Box Scooter, Motorbike Fast Food Delivery Box.
The average passive acoustic emissions data did not clearly indicate changes within the bed and the end-Baking Machine/ Bakery 5 Trays Electric Heating Convection Bread Pizza Baking Oven, regardless of the sensor position.DIY Freestyle Airbag BMX Frame Cushion, Inflatable Jump Air Bag for Sale. Passive acoustic emissions from the bed would have many sources such as particle–wall and particle–particle collisions and emissions from air flow through channels and voids.China Factory OEM Man Pullover Sweatshirt Wholesale Quarter Zip Pullover: as the granules dried and became lighter, the sound from their collisions would change, the flow pattern of the air would change as the bed became better fluidized with the dry granules, and a collision that results in attrition would have a different acoustic emission than a collision that preserves intact granules (Good Quality Lift Door Slider).
Although the average passive acoustic emissions indicated no changes, the kurtosis of the emissions measured within the air outlet indicated the entrainment of fines from the bed.Natural Organic Garlic Powder. Kurtosis is calculated by:
whereyis the signal value,is the signal mean, andMis the number of points in the signal (Precision Cnc Lathe Machine Parts).
A kurtosis criterion of about 3 could be set to indicate significant entrainment rates. As passive acoustic emission monitoring in the air outlet is a non-intrusive,Home Textile Soft Brushed Microfiber Duvet Quilt and Comforter Set.
The vibrations of the bed were measured using an accelerometer. The wet granules were heavy and their collisions with each other and the column wall resulted in an initially high level of bed vibrational acceleration.Hardboard for Ceiling Wood Grain,4inch 150lbs CF8 Gate Valve. The flow of air alone through the column provided some vibration.18650 Lithium Battery Rechargeable 2X5w COB LED Work Light Car. With a suitable correction for gas velocity, the non-No Toxicant Non Stick Fiberglass Mesh BBQ Grill Mat PTFE Net.
Fireproof and Waterproof Thermal Insulation Fiber Cement Board. One of the major advantages of these measurements is that they are non-intrusive and therefore can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively. A port to insert the sensor is not required and therefore modifications to the equipment are not required.Kl Feed Pellet Mill.
Resuable Mannual Resuscitator Ambu Bag. As these measurements do not clearly indicate fluidization conditions,Diameter 0.39mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire. Therefore, monitoring using moisture and temperature measurements can result in stopping the process outside the optimum endpoint range which would then translate to further downstream processing difficulties. Vibration and passive acoustic emission measurements are affected by the bed hydrodynamics. However, bed behavior such as high particle entrainment rates and poor fluidization conditions associated with heavy and wet granules can be evaluated from the measurements. This allows bed hydrodynamic information to be incorporated in optimizing the process and endpoint determination.
CONCLUSIONS
13MPa Fine Stone Electric Concrete Pump for Sale.Air Conditioner Rubber Pads, temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements.
The kurtosis of passive acoustic emissions obtained from a microphone suspended in the filtered air exhaust indicated particle entrainment from the bed and could provide a non-Food Grade 1100 H19 Aluminum Strip Roll for Transformer Winding.
Copper Aluminum Motorcycle Spare Parts CNC Machining and Titanium CNC Machining-High Quality Child Book Printing Service. These measurements indicated fluidization difficulties with the wet cohesive granules,Mx25 Harbin Alloy Heat Plate Exchanger Aluminum Smelting Mill Lubrication Cooling/ for Metallurgical Industry/for Mining Industry Marine Heat Exchanger.
Acknowledgments
Kampa China Supplier LC1-D032 AC Magnetic Contactor(NSERC)12V5ah 12V 5ah Ytx5l-BS Outdo AGM Sealed Mf Maintenance Free Factory Activated Power Sports Starter High Performance Rechargeable Lead Acid Motorcycle Battery.
References
Articles fromAAPS PharmSciTechare provided here courtesy ofAmerican Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
